phosphorus
- Formula: P
- Molecular weight: 30.973762
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7723-14-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Other names: red phosphorus; Phosphorus atom
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- Other data available:
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | 75.65 ± 0.24 | kcal/mol | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
ΔfH°gas | 75.619 | kcal/mol | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1961 |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°gas,1 bar | 39.0055 ± 0.0007 | cal/mol*K | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
S°gas,1 bar | 39.006 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1961 |
Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | 1180.008 to 2200. | 2200. to 6000. |
---|---|---|
A | 4.886241 | -0.503716 |
B | 0.251373 | 2.225610 |
C | -0.262551 | -0.133251 |
D | 0.090326 | -0.004899 |
E | 0.002544 | 7.003022 |
F | 74.16181 | 84.52340 |
G | 44.86860 | 45.52359 |
H | 75.61910 | 75.61910 |
Reference | Chase, 1998 | Chase, 1998 |
Comment | Data last reviewed in June, 1961 | Data last reviewed in June, 1961 |
Phase change data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 550. | K | N/A | Honig and Kramer, 1969 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 3. K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 870. | K | N/A | Honig and Kramer, 1969 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.6 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 317.3 | K | N/A | Honig and Kramer, 1969 | Metastable crystal phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
349.8 to 553. | 5.03591 | 2819.239 | 6.399 | Stull, 1947 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: (HP- • 4294967295P) + P = HP-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 77.6 ± 8.3 | kcal/mol | N/A | Ervin and Lineberger, 2005 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | 77.7 ± 8.2 | kcal/mol | Ther | Zittel and Lineberger, 1976 | gas phase |
(CAS Reg. No. 329230-30-0 • 4294967295) +
= CAS Reg. No. 329230-30-0
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 329230-30-0 • 4294967295P) + P = CAS Reg. No. 329230-30-0
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 84.7 ± 5.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Jones, Ganteför, et al., 1995 | gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 1.68±0.05 eV |
By formula: (OP- • 4294967295P) + P = OP-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 133.37 ± 0.83 | kcal/mol | N/A | Zittel and Lineberger, 1976 | gas phase |
(CAS Reg. No. 55030-79-0 • 4294967295) +
= CAS Reg. No. 55030-79-0
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 55030-79-0 • 4294967295P) + P = CAS Reg. No. 55030-79-0
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 54.81 ± 0.79 | kcal/mol | N/A | Snodgrass, Coe, et al., 1985 | gas phase |
Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to P+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 10.48669 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 149.8 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 144.6 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
0.746609 ± 0.000009 | N/A | Pelaez, Blondel, et al., 2011 | given: 0.716607(10) eV; B |
0.746679 ± 0.000062 | LPD | Andersson, Lindahl, et al., 2007 | B |
0.74640 ± 0.00040 | LPD | Slater and Linberger, 1977 | B |
0.750 ± 0.050 | LPES | Jones, Ganteför, et al., 1995 | B |
0.74676 ± 0.00040 | LPD | Feldmann, 1976 | B |
0.772 ± 0.052 | EIAE | Bennett, Margrave, et al., 1974 | From P4; B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.48669 | EVAL | Lide, 1992 | LL |
10.49 | S | Kelly, 1987 | LBLHLM |
10.48669 | S | Moore, 1970 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A.,
CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]
Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr.,
NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]
Honig and Kramer, 1969
Honig, R.E.; Kramer, D.A.,
Vapor pressure data for the solid and liquid elements,
RCA Rev., 1969, 1969, 285. [all data]
Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R.,
Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022
. [all data]
Ervin and Lineberger, 2005
Ervin, K.M.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Photoelectron spectroscopy of phosphorus hydride anions,
J. Chem. Phys., 2005, 122, 19, 194303, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1881153
. [all data]
Zittel and Lineberger, 1976
Zittel, P.F.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Laser photoelectron spectrometry of PO-, PH-, and PH2-,
J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1236. [all data]
Jones, Ganteför, et al., 1995
Jones, R.O.; Ganteför, G.; Hunsicker, S.; Pieperhoff, P.,
Structure and Spectroscopy of Phosphorous Cluster anions: Theory (simulated annealing) and Experiment (Photoelectron Detachment),
J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 22, 9549, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469969
. [all data]
Snodgrass, Coe, et al., 1985
Snodgrass, J.T.; Coe, J.V.; Freidhoff, C.B.; McHugh, K.M.; Bowen, K.H.,
Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of P2-,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1985, 122, 352. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Pelaez, Blondel, et al., 2011
Pelaez, R.J.; Blondel, C.; Vandevraye, M.; Drag, C.; Delsart, C.,
Photodetachment microscopy to an excited spectral term and the electron affinity of phosphorus,
J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys., 2011, 44, 19, 195009, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/44/19/195009
. [all data]
Andersson, Lindahl, et al., 2007
Andersson, P.; Lindahl, A.O.; Alfredsson, C.; Rogstrom, L.; Diehl, C.; Pegg, D.J.; Hanstorp, D.,
The electron affinity of phosphorus,
J. Phys. B - Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys., 2007, 40, 20, 4097-4107, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/40/20/010
. [all data]
Slater and Linberger, 1977
Slater, J.; Linberger, W.C.,
High resolution photodetachment study of P- and Te-,
Phys. Rev. A:, 1977, 15, 2277. [all data]
Feldmann, 1976
Feldmann, D.,
Infrared Photodetachment Threshold Measurements: Li- and P-,
Z. Physik A, 1976, 277, 1, 19-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01547496
. [all data]
Bennett, Margrave, et al., 1974
Bennett, S.L.; Margrave, J.L.; Franklin, J.L.,
High temperature negative ions. Electron impact study of tetratomic phosphorous vapor,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 1647. [all data]
Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor),
Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions
in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]
Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L.,
Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]
Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E.,
Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy S°gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) Tboil Boiling point Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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