sulfur

• Formula: S
• Molecular weight: 32.065
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/S Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7704-34-9
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Other names: Insoluble sulfur; Sulphur; Sulfur atom
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Ion clustering data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

View table.

Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

View table.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to S⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Rau, Kutty, et al., 1973
Rau, H.; Kutty, T.R.N.; Guedes de Carvalho, J.R.F., High temperature saturated vapor pressure of sulphur and the estimation of its critical quantities, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1973, 5, 291-302. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Wells and Yukich, 2009
Wells, J.E.; Yukich, J.N., Photodetachment spectroscopy from the lowest threshold of S-, Phys. Rev. A, 2009, 80, 5, 055403, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.80.055403 . [all data]

Blondel, Chaibi, et al., 2005
Blondel, C.; Chaibi, W.; Delsart, C.; Drag, C.; Goldfarb, F.; Kroger, S., The electron affinities of O, Si, and S revisited with the photodetachment microscope, Eur. Phys. J. D, 2005, 33, 3, 335-342, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2005-00069-9 . [all data]

Blondel, Delsart, et al., 2001
Blondel, C.; Delsart, C.; Goldfarb, F., Electron spectrometry at the mu eV level and the electron affinities of Si and F, J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys., 2001, 34, 9, L281-L288, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/34/9/101 . [all data]

Rempala and Ervin, 2000
Rempala, K.; Ervin, K.M., Collisional activation of the Endoergic Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reaction S-(2P) + H2 - SH- + H, J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 10, 4579, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481016 . [all data]

Lineberger and Woodward, 1970
Lineberger, W.C.; Woodward, B.W., High Resolution Photodetachment of S- Near Threshold, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1970, 25, 7, 424, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.25.424 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Dunlavey, Dyke, et al., 1979
Dunlavey, S.; Dyke, J.; Fayad, N.; Jonathan, N.; Morris, A., Vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of transient species. Part 10. The SH(X2çi) radical and the S(3P) atom, Mol. Phys., 1979, 38, 729. [all data]

Smoes, Drowart, et al., 1978
Smoes, S.; Drowart, J.; Welter, J.M., Thermodynamic study of the vaporization of europium sulfide by the mass spectrometric Knudsen cell method, Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1978, 7, 622. [all data]

Smoes, Drowart, et al., 1977
Smoes, S.; Drowart, J.; Welter, J.M., Thermodynamic study of the vaporization of europium monosulfide by Knudsen-cell mass spectrometry atomization energies of EuS(g), Eu₂S(g), EuS₂(g), Eu₂O(g), Eu₂O₂(g), Eu₂OS(g), and Eu₂S₂(g), J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1977, 9, 275. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1976
Hildenbrand, D.L., Thermochemical studies of the gaseous lower valent fluorides of molybdenum, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 614. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1975
Hildenbrand, D.L., Dissociation energy and ionization potential of the molecule CF, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 32, 523. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1975, 2
Hildenbrand, D.L., Thermochemistry of the gaseous tungsten fluorides, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 62, 3074. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1972
Hildenbrand, D.L., Thermochemistry of the molecules CS and CS⁺, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1972, 15, 379. [all data]

Edwards, Franzen, et al., 1971
Edwards, J.G.; Franzen, H.F.; Gilles, P.W., High-temperature mass spectrometry, vaporization, and thermodynamics of titanium monosulfide, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 545. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Cater, Rauh, et al., 1968
Cater, E.D.; Rauh, E.G.; Thorn, R.J., Thermochemistry of UOS; evaporation of US-UO₂ mixtures; on the attainment of equilibrium in Knudsen cells, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 5244. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  Pc	Critical pressure
  S°liquid,1 bar	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tc	Critical temperature
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.