sulfur
- Formula: S
- Molecular weight: 32.065
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7704-34-9
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Other names: Insoluble sulfur; Sulphur; Sulfur atom
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- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
- Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to S+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 10.36001 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 158.8 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 153.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
2.017149 ± 0.000009 | LPD | Wells and Yukich, 2009 | Given: 16269.380(88) Cm-1 or 2.1071466±0.0000109 eV; B |
2.077098 ± 0.000044 | LPD | Blondel, Chaibi, et al., 2005 | (32)S: 2.0771040(9) eV: revised analysis of Blondel, Delsart, et al., 2001; B |
2.07 ± 0.13 | D-EA | Rempala and Ervin, 2000 | B |
2.07720 ± 0.00050 | LPES | Lineberger and Woodward, 1970 | Revised per 1986 CODATA (95BLO) to 2.077104(3) eV; B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.36001 | EVAL | Lide, 1992 | LL |
10.360 | S | Kelly, 1987 | LBLHLM |
10.36 | PE | Dunlavey, Dyke, et al., 1979 | LLK |
10.4 ± 0.3 | EI | Smoes, Drowart, et al., 1978 | LLK |
10.4 ± 0.3 | EI | Smoes, Drowart, et al., 1977 | LLK |
10.36 | S | Hildenbrand, 1976 | LLK |
10.5 ± 0.3 | EI | Hildenbrand, 1976 | LLK |
10.5 | EI | Hildenbrand, 1975 | LLK |
10.5 ± 0.3 | EI | Hildenbrand, 1975, 2 | LLK |
10.5 ± 0.3 | EI | Hildenbrand, 1972 | LLK |
10.3 ± 0.3 | EI | Edwards, Franzen, et al., 1971 | LLK |
10.36001 | S | Moore, 1970 | RDSH |
~11. ± 0.5 | EI | Cater, Rauh, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: (FS- • 4294967295S) + S = FS-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 56.4 ± 1.5 | kcal/mol | N/A | Polak, Gilles, et al., 1992 | gas phase |
By formula: (HS- • 4294967295S) + S = HS-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 120.13 | kcal/mol | N/A | Chaibi, Delsart, et al., 2006 | gas phase; For H(32)S-. Given: 2.3147282(17) eV |
ΔrH° | 120.18 ± 0.18 | kcal/mol | Ther | Breyer, Frey, et al., 1981 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | 120.4 ± 2.2 | kcal/mol | Ther | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale |
ΔrH° | 85.57 | kcal/mol | Ther | Shiell, Hu, et al., 1900 | gas phase; 0K:350.125±0.009 kcal/mol, corr to 298K from Gurvich, Veyts, et al., With EA( Breyer, Frey, et al., 1981)BDE(0K)=89.97±0.05 |
By formula: (S2- • 4294967295S) + S = S2-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 92.7 ± 5.2 | kcal/mol | N/A | Moran and Ellison, 1988 | gas phase |
By formula: (S3- • 4294967295S) + S = S3-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 72.2 ± 5.3 | kcal/mol | N/A | Nimlos and Ellison, 1986 | gas phase |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Wells and Yukich, 2009
Wells, J.E.; Yukich, J.N.,
Photodetachment spectroscopy from the lowest threshold of S-,
Phys. Rev. A, 2009, 80, 5, 055403, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.80.055403
. [all data]
Blondel, Chaibi, et al., 2005
Blondel, C.; Chaibi, W.; Delsart, C.; Drag, C.; Goldfarb, F.; Kroger, S.,
The electron affinities of O, Si, and S revisited with the photodetachment microscope,
Eur. Phys. J. D, 2005, 33, 3, 335-342, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2005-00069-9
. [all data]
Blondel, Delsart, et al., 2001
Blondel, C.; Delsart, C.; Goldfarb, F.,
Electron spectrometry at the mu eV level and the electron affinities of Si and F,
J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys., 2001, 34, 9, L281-L288, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/34/9/101
. [all data]
Rempala and Ervin, 2000
Rempala, K.; Ervin, K.M.,
Collisional activation of the Endoergic Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reaction S-(2P) + H2 - SH- + H,
J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 10, 4579, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481016
. [all data]
Lineberger and Woodward, 1970
Lineberger, W.C.; Woodward, B.W.,
High Resolution Photodetachment of S- Near Threshold,
Phys. Rev. Lett., 1970, 25, 7, 424, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.25.424
. [all data]
Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor),
Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions
in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]
Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L.,
Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]
Dunlavey, Dyke, et al., 1979
Dunlavey, S.; Dyke, J.; Fayad, N.; Jonathan, N.; Morris, A.,
Vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of transient species. Part 10. The SH(X2çi) radical and the S(3P) atom,
Mol. Phys., 1979, 38, 729. [all data]
Smoes, Drowart, et al., 1978
Smoes, S.; Drowart, J.; Welter, J.M.,
Thermodynamic study of the vaporization of europium sulfide by the mass spectrometric Knudsen cell method,
Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1978, 7, 622. [all data]
Smoes, Drowart, et al., 1977
Smoes, S.; Drowart, J.; Welter, J.M.,
Thermodynamic study of the vaporization of europium monosulfide by Knudsen-cell mass spectrometry atomization energies of EuS(g), Eu2S(g), EuS2(g), Eu2O(g), Eu2O2(g), Eu2OS(g), and Eu2S2(g),
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1977, 9, 275. [all data]
Hildenbrand, 1976
Hildenbrand, D.L.,
Thermochemical studies of the gaseous lower valent fluorides of molybdenum,
J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 614. [all data]
Hildenbrand, 1975
Hildenbrand, D.L.,
Dissociation energy and ionization potential of the molecule CF,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 32, 523. [all data]
Hildenbrand, 1975, 2
Hildenbrand, D.L.,
Thermochemistry of the gaseous tungsten fluorides,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 62, 3074. [all data]
Hildenbrand, 1972
Hildenbrand, D.L.,
Thermochemistry of the molecules CS and CS+,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1972, 15, 379. [all data]
Edwards, Franzen, et al., 1971
Edwards, J.G.; Franzen, H.F.; Gilles, P.W.,
High-temperature mass spectrometry, vaporization, and thermodynamics of titanium monosulfide,
J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 545. [all data]
Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E.,
Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]
Cater, Rauh, et al., 1968
Cater, E.D.; Rauh, E.G.; Thorn, R.J.,
Thermochemistry of UOS; evaporation of US-UO2 mixtures; on the attainment of equilibrium in Knudsen cells,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 5244. [all data]
Polak, Gilles, et al., 1992
Polak, M.L.; Gilles, M.K.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of SF-,
J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 96, 9, 7191, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.462526
. [all data]
Chaibi, Delsart, et al., 2006
Chaibi, W.; Delsart, C.; Drag, C.; Blondel, C.,
High precision measurement of the (SH)-S-32 electron affinity by laser detachment microscopy,
J. Molec. Spectros., 2006, 239, 1, 11-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2006.05.012
. [all data]
Breyer, Frey, et al., 1981
Breyer, F.; Frey, P.; Hotop, H.,
High Resolution Photoelectron Spectrometry of Negative Ions: Rotational Transitions in Laser-Photodetachment of OH-, SH-, and SD-,
Z. Phys. A, 1981, 300, 1, 7, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01412609
. [all data]
Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr.,
The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]
Shiell, Hu, et al., 1900
Shiell, R.C.; Hu, X.K.; Hu, Q.J.; Hepburn, J.W.,
A determination of the bond dissociation energy (D-0(H-SH)): Threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy (TIPPS) of a triatomic molecule,
J. Phys. Chem. A, 1900, 104, 19, 4339-4342, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp000025k
. [all data]
Gurvich, Veyts, et al.
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B.,
Hemisphere Publishing, NY, 1989, V. 1 2, Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th Ed. [all data]
Moran and Ellison, 1988
Moran, S.; Ellison, G.B.,
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Sulfur Ions,
J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 7, 1794, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100318a021
. [all data]
Nimlos and Ellison, 1986
Nimlos, M.R.; Ellison, G.B.,
Photoelectron spectroscopy of SO2-, S3-, and S2O-,
J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 2574. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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