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Hydrogen chloride

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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
MS - José A. Martinho Simões

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

Chlorine anion + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: Cl- + HCl = (Cl- bullet HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°124. ± 4.2kJ/molN/AMetz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B
DeltarH°99.6 ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
DeltarH°96.7 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
DeltarH°99.16 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
DeltarH°85.4kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°93.3J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)SO2; M
DeltarS°98.3J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
DeltarS°98.3J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
DeltarS°95.4J/mol*KN/AUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarG°68.2 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1987gas phase; K = 0.60 for HCl..Cl- + DCL <=> DCl..Cl- + HCl, anchored to Larson and McMahon, 1984, 32; B
DeltarG°72. ± 11.kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B
DeltarG°66.9 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
DeltarG°69.9 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B
DeltarG°56.9kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl-)H2O/HCl, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M

Chlorine anion + Hydrogen cation = Hydrogen chloride

By formula: Cl- + H+ = HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°1394.9kJ/molN/AMartin and Hepburn, 1998gas phase; Given: «DELTA»Hacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B
DeltarH°1396. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
DeltarH°1377.0kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; «DELTA»S(EA)=5.0; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarG°1372.8 ± 0.42kJ/molH-TSMartin and Hepburn, 1998gas phase; Given: «DELTA»Hacid(0K)=116288.7±0.6 cm-1, or 332.486±0.002 kcal/mol; B
DeltarG°1374. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
DeltarG°1354.4kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; FeCC-(q); ; «DELTA»S(EA)=5.0; B

(Chlorine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion bullet 2Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- bullet HCl) + HCl = (Cl- bullet 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°63.60 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
DeltarH°58.6kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°85.4J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Cl- HCl)SO2; M
DeltarS°102.J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarG°33.1 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B

Iodide + Hydrogen chloride = (Iodide bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: I- + HCl = (I- bullet HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°61.9 ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
DeltarH°59.4kJ/molHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°83.7J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M
DeltarS°95.0J/mol*KHPMSKeesee, Lee, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarG°37. ± 11.kJ/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B

HO4S- + Hydrogen chloride = (HO4S- bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: HO4S- + HCl = (HO4S- bullet HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°65.7 ± 4.2kJ/molTDEqBohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°63.2J/mol*KN/ABohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; switching reaction(HSO4-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarG°46.9 ± 4.2kJ/molTDEqBohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984gas phase; Relative to HOH..HSO4-, Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984; B,M

(Chlorine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride bullet Water) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion bullet 2Hydrogen chloride bullet Water)

By formula: (Cl- bullet HCl bullet H2O) + HCl = (Cl- bullet 2HCl bullet H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°51.5kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°87.4J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Cl- H2O) HCl, deuterated; Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974; M

(Chlorine anion bullet 2Water) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride bullet 2Water)

By formula: (Cl- bullet 2H2O) + HCl = (Cl- bullet HCl bullet 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°54.4kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°90.8J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; From thermochemical cycle(Cl- 2H2O)H2O, deuterated; Keesee and Castleman, 1980; M

(Bromine anion bullet Sulfur dioxide) + Hydrogen chloride = (Bromine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride bullet Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: (Br- bullet O2S) + HCl = (Br- bullet HCl bullet O2S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°93.7kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°77.8J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M

Bromine anion + Hydrogen chloride = (Bromine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: Br- + HCl = (Br- bullet HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°82.0 ± 8.4kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°92.0J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarG°54. ± 11.kJ/molTDEqCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion bullet 2Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion bullet 3Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- bullet 2HCl) + HCl = (Cl- bullet 3HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°49.0 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°97.9J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarG°19.7 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion bullet 3Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion bullet 4Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- bullet 3HCl) + HCl = (Cl- bullet 4HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°43.1 ± 2.9kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°112.J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarG°9.6 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion bullet 2Hydrogen chloride) + Water = (Chlorine anion bullet Water bullet 2Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- bullet 2HCl) + H2O = (Cl- bullet H2O bullet 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°32.kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°63.6J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

(Chlorine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride) + Water = (Chlorine anion bullet Water bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- bullet HCl) + H2O = (Cl- bullet H2O bullet HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°43.9kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°78.2J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Acetyl chloride + Water = Acetic acid + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H3ClO + H2O = C2H4O2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-94.47kJ/molCmDevore and O'Neal, 1969liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
DeltarH°-92.30kJ/molCmPritchard and Skinner, 1950liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis at 298 K, see Carson and Skinner, 1949; ALS
DeltarH°-92.42kJ/molCmCarson and Skinner, 1949liquid phase; ALS

(Chlorine anion bullet Water bullet Hydrogen chloride) + Water = (Chlorine anion bullet 2Water bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- bullet H2O bullet HCl) + H2O = (Cl- bullet 2H2O bullet HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°40.kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°85.4J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; deuterated, quoted in 86 KEE/CAS; M

(Chlorine anion bullet Sulfur dioxide) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride bullet Sulfur dioxide)

By formula: (Cl- bullet O2S) + HCl = (Cl- bullet HCl bullet O2S)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°58.2kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°80.3J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; From thermochemical cycle; M

Ethane, 1,2-dichloro- = Ethene, chloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H4Cl2 = C2H3Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°50.6 ± 4.2kJ/molCmBuravtsev, Grigor'ev, et al., 1992gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°82.0kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS
DeltarH°68.2kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°67.95kJ/molEqkGhosh and Guha, 1951liquid phase; ALS

(Bromine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride) + Hydrogen chloride = (Bromine anion bullet 2Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Br- bullet HCl) + HCl = (Br- bullet 2HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°52.3kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°77.0J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; switching reaction(Br-)SO2; M

Ethyl Chloride = Ethylene + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H5Cl = C2H4 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°92.0kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS
DeltarH°71.5kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°72.6 ± 2.1kJ/molEqkHowlett, 1955gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°71.5kJ/molEqkLane, Linnett, et al., 1953gas phase; ALS

Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro- = Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°56.9kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS
DeltarH°49.0kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°56.9 ± 2.1kJ/molEqkLevanova, Treger, et al., 1975liquid phase; solvent: Nitrobenzene; Flow reactor at 50°C; ALS

Water + Benzoyl chloride = Benzoic acid + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: H2O + C7H5ClO = C7H6O2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-34.04 ± 0.21kJ/molCmMoselhy and Pritchard, 1975liquid phase; solvent: Diphenyl-ether; see Carson, Pritchard, et al., 1950 and Davies, Dunning, et al., 1972; ALS
DeltarH°-101.9kJ/molCmCarson, Pritchard, et al., 1950liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Propane, 2-chloro- = Propene + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C3H7Cl = C3H6 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°72.4 ± 0.8kJ/molEqkNoren and Sunner, 1970gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°73.72 ± 0.63kJ/molEqkKabo and Andreevskii, 1963gas phase; At 415.5 K; ALS
DeltarH°73.0 ± 2.1kJ/molEqkHowlett, 1955gas phase; ALS

Propane, 2-chloro-2-methyl- = 1-Propene, 2-methyl- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H9Cl = C4H8 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°74. ± 2.kJ/molEqkHowlett, 1955gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°74.06kJ/molEqkHowlett, 1951gas phase; Hf-gas-(390) -44.4 kcal/mol; ALS
DeltarH°72. ± 2.kJ/molEqkKistiakowsky and Stauffer, 1937gas phase; ALS

Hydrogen chloride + α-Methylstyrene = Benzene, (1-chloro-1-methylethyl)-

By formula: HCl + C9H10 = C9H11Cl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-36.8 ± 1.9kJ/molCmArnett and Pienta, 1980liquid phase; solvent: Methylene chloride; Hydrochlorination; ALS
DeltarH°-51.9 ± 4.6kJ/molCmNesterova, Kovzel, et al., 1977liquid phase; Hydrochlorination; ALS

(Chlorine anion bullet Water) + Hydrogen chloride = (Chlorine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride bullet Water)

By formula: (Cl- bullet H2O) + HCl = (Cl- bullet HCl bullet H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°66.9kJ/molHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°91.2J/mol*KHPMSUpschulte, Evans, et al., 1986gas phase; M

Methyl cation + Hydrogen chloride = (Methyl cation bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: CH3+ + HCl = (CH3+ bullet HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°216.kJ/molPHPMSMcMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988gas phase; switching reaction(CH3+)N2, Entropy change calculated or estimated, uses MCA(N2) = 202. kJ/mol; Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974; M

Propane, 2,2-dichloro- = 1-Propene, 2-chloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C3H6Cl2 = C3H5Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°65.1kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rodova, et al., 1983liquid phase; Flow reactor; ALS
DeltarH°59.8 ± 0.8kJ/molEqkShevtsova, Rozhnov, et al., 1970gas phase; Heat of Dehydrochlorination at 392 K; ALS

Ethane, 1,2-dichloro- + 2Hydrogen = Ethane + 2Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H4Cl2 + 2H2 = C2H6 + 2HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-143.0 ± 0.96kJ/molChydLacher, Amador, et al., 1967gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -147.77 ± 0.50 kJ/mol; At 250 C; ALS

2Hydrogen + Propane, 1,2-dichloro- = Propane + 2Hydrogen chloride

By formula: 2H2 + C3H6Cl2 = C3H8 + 2HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-126.5 ± 1.1kJ/molChydLacher, Amador, et al., 1967gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -130.60 ± 0.54 kJ/mol; At 250 C; ALS

2Hydrogen + Methylene chloride = Methane + 2Hydrogen chloride

By formula: 2H2 + CH2Cl2 = CH4 + 2HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-163.4 ± 1.3kJ/molChydLacher, Amador, et al., 1967gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -167.7 ± 1.3 kJ/mol; At 250 C; ALS

2Hydrogen + Ethane, 1,1-dichloro- = Ethane + 2Hydrogen chloride

By formula: 2H2 + C2H4Cl2 = C2H6 + 2HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-140.8 ± 1.0kJ/molChydLacher, Amador, et al., 1967gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -145.0 ± 0.50 kJ/mol; At 250C; ALS

Butane, 2,2-dichloro- = 2-Butene, 2-chloro-, (Z)- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-8.79 ± 0.08kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972gas phase; At 568 K; ALS
DeltarH°55.2 ± 0.3kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972gas phase; At 404.5 K; ALS

Butane, 2,2-dichloro- = 2-Butene, 2-chloro-, (E)- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-14. ± 0.08kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972gas phase; At 568 K; ALS
DeltarH°5.0 ± 0.3kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972gas phase; At 404.5 K; ALS

2Hydrogen + Ethene, chlorotrifluoro- = 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: 2H2 + C2ClF3 = C2H3F3 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-267.7 ± 2.1kJ/molChydLacher, Kianpour, et al., 1956gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -271.6 kJ/mol; At 410 K; ALS

(Chlorine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride) + Sulfur dioxide = (Chlorine anion bullet Sulfur dioxide bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Cl- bullet HCl) + O2S = (Cl- bullet O2S bullet HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°51.5kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°77.4J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M

(Bromine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride) + Sulfur dioxide = (Bromine anion bullet Sulfur dioxide bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: (Br- bullet HCl) + O2S = (Br- bullet O2S bullet HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°50.6kJ/molPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°77.8J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1985gas phase; M

Butane, 2,3-dichloro- = 2-Butene, 2-chloro-, (Z)- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°69.0kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rodova, et al., 1974gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°66.53 ± 0.92kJ/molEqkRodova, Levanova, et al., 1973gas phase; At 454 K; ALS

1-Chloro-2-ethoxyethane = Ethene, ethoxy- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H9ClO = C4H8O + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°68.2 ± 2.1kJ/molEqkFailes and Stimson, 1967gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = 69.0 kJ/mol; At 450 K; ALS

Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro- = Hydrogen chloride + Trichloroethylene

By formula: C2H2Cl4 = HCl + C2HCl3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°43.9kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°45.40kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1976liquid phase; At 333 K; ALS

Ethane, pentachloro- = Tetrachloroethylene + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2HCl5 = C2Cl4 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°45.1 ± 4.5kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; GC; ALS
DeltarH°39.kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS

2Hydrogen chloride (g) + Aluminum, chlorodiethyl- (l) = AlCl3 (cr) + 2Ethane (g)

By formula: 2HCl (g) + C4H10AlCl (l) = AlCl3 (cr) + 2C2H6 (g)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-265.0 ± 3.3kJ/molRSCShaulov and Shmyreva, 1968The reaction enthalpy was derived from data in Shaulov and Shmyreva, 1968.; MS

Butane, 2,3-dichloro-2-methyl- = 2-Butene, 2-chloro-3-methyl- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C5H10Cl2 = C5H9Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°68. ± 1.kJ/molEqkMeged, Levanova, et al., 1980gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°68.2 ± 4.2kJ/molEqkMeged, Levanova, et al., 1980gas phase; ALS

Fluorine anion + Hydrogen chloride = (Fluorine anion bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: F- + HCl = (F- bullet HCl)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°250. ± 8.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1985gas phase; bracketing; M

Butane, 1,1-dichloro- = 1-Butene, 1-chloro-, (Z)- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H8Cl2 = C4H7Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°61.1kJ/molEqkLevanova, Rodova, et al., 1974gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°61.1 ± 0.4kJ/molEqkRodova, Shevtsova, et al., 1974gas phase; ALS

Sodium ion (1+) + Hydrogen chloride = (Sodium ion (1+) bullet Hydrogen chloride)

By formula: Na+ + HCl = (Na+ bullet HCl)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°51.0kJ/molFAPerry, Rowe, et al., 1980gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarS°85.4J/mol*KFAPerry, Rowe, et al., 1980gas phase; M

Ethane, 1,1-dichloro- = Ethene, chloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H4Cl2 = C2H3Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°74.5kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS
DeltarH°61.9kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS

Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro- = Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°51.5kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS
DeltarH°65.3kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS

Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro- = Hydrogen chloride + Trichloroethylene

By formula: C2H2Cl4 = HCl + C2HCl3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°55.2kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase; ALS
DeltarH°44.8kJ/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase; ALS

C30H28Fe2Ti (cr) + 2(Hydrogen chloride bullet 4.40Water) (solution) = 2Ferrocene (cr) + Titanocene dichloride (cr)

By formula: C30H28Fe2Ti (cr) + 2(HCl bullet 4.40H2O) (solution) = 2C10H10Fe (cr) + C10H10Cl2Ti (cr)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-253.5 ± 4.5kJ/molRSCDias, Salema, et al., 1982Please also see Calhorda, Dias, et al., 1987.; MS

Benzoyl chloride, 2-chloro- + Water = Benzoic acid, 2-chloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C7H4Cl2O + H2O = C7H5ClO2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
DeltarH°-39.8 ± 0.3kJ/molCmMoselhy and Pritchard, 1975liquid phase; solvent: Diphenyl-ether; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Metz, Kitsopoulos, et al., 1988
Metz, R.B.; Kitsopoulos, T.; Weaver, A.; Neumark, D.M., Study of the Transition State Region in the Cl+HCl Reaction by Photoelectron Spectroscopy of ClHCl-, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 2, 1463, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454218 . [all data]

Caldwell and Kebarle, 1985
Caldwell, G.; Kebarle, P., The hydrogen bond energies of the bihalide ions XHX- and YHX-, Can. J. Chem., 1985, 63, 1399. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., The hydrogen bond energies in ClHCl- and Cl-(HCl)n, Can. J. Chem., 1974, 52, 2449. [all data]

Upschulte, Evans, et al., 1986
Upschulte, B.L.; Evans, D.H.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Unpublished results, referred to in Keesee and Castleman, 1986, 1986. [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1980
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Gas phase studies of hydration complexes of Cl- and I- and comparison to electrostatic calculations in the gas phase, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1980, 74, 139. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1987
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Isotope Effects in Proton Transfer Reactions. An Ion Cyclotron Resonance Determination of the Equilibrium Deuterium Isotope Effect in the Bichloride Ion, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 3, 554, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100287a013 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 3
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 1083. [all data]

Martin and Hepburn, 1998
Martin, J.D.D.; Hepburn, J.W., Determination of bond dissociation energies by threshold ion-pair production spectroscopy: An improved D-0(HCl), J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 109, 19, 8139-8142, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.477476 . [all data]

Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981
Fujio, M.; McIver, R.T., Jr.; Taft, R.W., Effects on the acidities of phenols from specific substituent-solvent interactions. Inherent substituent parameters from gas phase acidities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4017. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Keesee, Lee, et al., 1980
Keesee, R.G.; Lee, N.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Properties of clusters in the gas phase: V. Complexes of neutral molecules onto negative ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 73, 2195. [all data]

Bohringer, Fahey, et al., 1984
Bohringer, H.; Fahey, D.W.; Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Bond energies of the molecules H2O, SO2, H2O2, and HCl to various atmospheric negative ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 2805. [all data]

Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]

Devore and O'Neal, 1969
Devore, J.A.; O'Neal, H.E., Heats of formation of the acetyl halides and of the acetyl radical, J. Phys. Chem., 1969, 73, 2644-2648. [all data]

Pritchard and Skinner, 1950
Pritchard, H.O.; Skinner, H.A., The heats of hydrolysis of the chloro-substituted acetyl chlorides, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 272-276. [all data]

Carson and Skinner, 1949
Carson, A.S.; Skinner, H.A., 201. Carbon-halogen bond energies in the acetyl halides, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 936-939. [all data]

Buravtsev, Grigor'ev, et al., 1992
Buravtsev, N.N.; Grigor'ev, A.S.; Zaidman, O.A.; Kolbanovskii, Yu.A.; Markelov, M.YU.; Sadogurskii, M.N.; Treger, Yu.A., Dehydrochlorination of chloroalkanes under rigid homogeneous conditions. II. Effect of small additions of oxygen to the kinetics of high-temperature decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane under adiabatic compression, Khim. Fiz., 1992, 11, 218-226. [all data]

Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979
Levanova, s.V.; Bushneva, I.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.; Aprelkin, A.S., Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1979, 52, 1439-1442. [all data]

Ghosh and Guha, 1951
Ghosh, J.C.; Guha, S.R.D., Catalytic dehydrochlorination of ethylene dichloride, Petroleum (London), 1951, 14, 261-264. [all data]

Howlett, 1955
Howlett, K.E., The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part II, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1784-17. [all data]

Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953
Lane, M.R.; Linnett, J.W.; Oswin, H.G., A study of the C2H4+HCl=C2H5Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1953, 216, 361-374. [all data]

Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975
Levanova, S.V.; Treger, Yu.A.; Velichko, S.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Bshneva, L.I.; Talanov, A.I., Equilibrium of the vinylidene chloride-methylchloroform system, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1975, 42, 480-481. [all data]

Moselhy and Pritchard, 1975
Moselhy, G.M.; Pritchard, H.O., The thermochemistry of the chloro-benzoyl chlorides, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 977-982. [all data]

Carson, Pritchard, et al., 1950
Carson, A.S.; Pritchard, H.O.; Skinner, H.A., The heats of hydrolysis of the benzoyl halides, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 656-659. [all data]

Davies, Dunning, et al., 1972
Davies, J.V.; Dunning, B.K.; Pritchard, H.O., The enthalpy of formation of benzoyl chloride, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1972, 4, 731-737. [all data]

Noren and Sunner, 1970
Noren, I.; Sunner, S., The enthalpy of formation of 2-chloropropane from equilibrium studies, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1970, 2, 597-602. [all data]

Kabo and Andreevskii, 1963
Kabo, G.Ya.; Andreevskii, D.N., Equilibrium of 2-chloropropane dehydrochlorination, Neftekhimiya, 1963, 3, 764-770. [all data]

Howlett, 1951
Howlett, K.E., The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part I. Equilibria in the system tert.-butyl chloride, isobutene, hydrogen chloride, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 1409-1412. [all data]

Kistiakowsky and Stauffer, 1937
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Stauffer, C.H., The kinetics of gaseous addition of halogen acids to isobutene, 1937, 165-170. [all data]

Arnett and Pienta, 1980
Arnett, E.M.; Pienta, N.J., Stabilities of carbonium ions in solution. 12. Heats of formation of alkyl chlorides as an entree to heats of solvation of aliphatic carbonium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 3329-3334. [all data]

Nesterova, Kovzel, et al., 1977
Nesterova, T.N.; Kovzel, E.N.; Karaseva, S.Ya.; Rozhnov, A.M., Heats of reaction of the hydrohalogenation of styrene and «alpha»-methylstyrene, Vses. Konf. Kalorim. Rasshir. Tezisy Dokl. 7th, 1977, 1, 132. [all data]

McMahon, Heinis, et al., 1988
McMahon, T.; Heinis, T.; Nicol, G.; Hovey, J.K.; Kebarle, P., Methyl Cation Affinities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 23, 7591, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00231a002 . [all data]

Foster, Williamson, et al., 1974
Foster, M.S.; Williamson, A.D.; Beauchamp, J.L., Photoionization mass spectrometry of trans-azomethane, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 15, 429. [all data]

Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1983
Levanova, S.V.; Rodova, R.M.; Tereshkina, T.P.; Zabrodina, T.I., Thermocatalytic reactions of bromochloropropanes, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1983, 57, 1142-1146. [all data]

Shevtsova, Rozhnov, et al., 1970
Shevtsova, L.A.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Andreevskii, D.N., Equilibrium Dehydrochlorination of 2,2-dichloropropane, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1970, 44, 852-855. [all data]

Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967
Lacher, J.R.; Amador, A.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic compounds. Part 5.-Heats of hydrogenation of dichloromethane, 1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dichloropropane, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 1608-1611. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Levanova, Rozhnov, et al., 1972
Levanova, S.V.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Bortnik, O.K., Isomerization of dibromoethylenes, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1972, 15, 1821-1823. [all data]

Lacher, Kianpour, et al., 1956
Lacher, J.R.; Kianpour, A.; Oetting, F.; Park, J.D., Reaction calorimetry. The hydrogenation of organic fluorides and chlorides, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1956, 52, 1500-1508. [all data]

Levanova, Rodova, et al., 1974
Levanova, S.V.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Shevtsova, L.A., Thermodynamic calculation of the equilibrium composition of chlorobutene mixtures, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1974, 48, 1113-1114. [all data]

Rodova, Levanova, et al., 1973
Rodova, R.M.; Levanova, S.V.; Shevtsova, L.A.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Porfir'eva, E.I., Reversible reactions of 2,3-dichlorobutane, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1973, 47, 607. [all data]

Failes and Stimson, 1967
Failes, R.L.; Stimson, V.R., The thermal decomposition of 1-ethoxyethyl chloride and the reverse combination, Aust. J. Chem., 1967, 20, 1553-1560. [all data]

Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1976
Levanova, S.V.; Bushneva, L.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A., Liquid-phase dehydrochlorination of asymmetric tetrachloroethane, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1976, 50, 2701-2702. [all data]

Shaulov and Shmyreva, 1968
Shaulov, Yu.Kh.; Shmyreva, G.O., Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 42, 1008. [all data]

Meged, Levanova, et al., 1980
Meged, V.M.; Levanova, S.V.; Rozhnov, A.M., Dehydrohalogenation of dihalomethylbutanes. 2., Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1980, 23, 149-151. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1985
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Fluoride and chloride affinities of the main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ICR halide exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 766. [all data]

Rodova, Shevtsova, et al., 1974
Rodova, R.M.; Shevtsova, L.A.; Levanova, S.V.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Garkushin, I.K., Dehydrochlorination of 1,1-dichlorobutane and isomerization of chlorobutenes, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1974, 17, 379-381. [all data]

Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980
Perry, R.A.; Rowe, B.R.; Viggiano, A.A.; Albritton, D.L.; Ferguson, E.E.; Fehsenfeld, F.C., Laboratory Measurements of Stratospheric Sodium Ion Measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1980, 7, 9, 693, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i009p00693 . [all data]

Dias, Salema, et al., 1982
Dias, A.R.; Salema, M.S.; Martinho Simões, J.A., Organometallics, 1982, 1, 971. [all data]

Calhorda, Dias, et al., 1987
Calhorda, M.J.; Dias, A.R.; Minas da Piedade M.E.; Salema, M.S.; Martinho Simões J.A., Organometallics, 1987, 6, 734. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References