Chloral
- Formula: C2HCl3O
- Molecular weight: 147.388
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2HCl3O/c3-2(4,5)1-6/h1H
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HFFLGKNGCAIQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 75-87-6
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Other names: Acetaldehyde, trichloro-; Anhydrous chloral; Trichloroacetaldehyde; Trichloroethanal; CCl3CHO; Trichloracetaldehyde; 2,2,2-Trichloroethanal; Cloralio; Grasex; Rcra waste number U034; 2,2,2-Trichloroacetaldehyde; Acetaldehyde, 2,2,2-trichloro-
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Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
+
=
By formula: C2HCl3O + H2O = C2H3Cl3O2
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -51.76 ± 0.08 | kJ/mol | Cm | Wiberg, Morgan, et al., 1994 | liquid phase |
| ΔrH° | -51.14 ± 0.15 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Henke, Hadad, et al., 1993 | liquid phase; solvent: Acetone |
+
=
+
By formula: HNaO + C2HCl3O = CHNaO2 + CHCl3
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -102.8 | kJ/mol | Cm | Pritchard and Skinner, 1950 | liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis |
+
=
By formula: CH4O + C2HCl3O = 2,2,2-trichloro-1-methoxyethanol
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -48.1 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Jensen and Pedersen, 1971 | liquid phase; solvent: Heptane |
+
=
By formula: C3H8O + C2HCl3O = 2,2,2-trichloro-1-isopropoxyethanol
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -41.6 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Jensen and Pedersen, 1971 | liquid phase; solvent: Heptane |
+
=
By formula: C2H6O + C2HCl3O = C4H7Cl3O2
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -47.3 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Jensen and Pedersen, 1971 | liquid phase; solvent: Heptane |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proton affinity (review) | 722.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Gas basicity | 690.5 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10.9 | PE | Guimon, Pfister-Guillouzo, et al., 1985 | LBLHLM |
| 10.88 | PE | Katsumata and Kimura, 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Packed | SE-30 | 150. | 715. | Tiess, 1984 | Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Packed | SE-30 | 695. | MHA, 9999 | Nitrogen, Chromosorb G AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 300. C |
References
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Wiberg, Morgan, et al., 1994
Wiberg, K.B.; Morgan, K.M.; Maltz, H.,
Thermochemistry of carbonyl reactions. 6. A study of hydration equilibria,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 11067-11077. [all data]
Henke, Hadad, et al., 1993
Henke, S.L.; Hadad, C.M.; Morgan, K.M.; Wiberg, K.B.; Wasserman, H.H.,
A theorectical and experimental investigation of vicinal tricarbonyl systems and their hydrates,
J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 2830-2839. [all data]
Pritchard and Skinner, 1950
Pritchard, H.O.; Skinner, H.A.,
The heats of hydrolysis of chloral and bromal, and the C-C bond dissociation energies in chloral and bromal,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 1928-1931. [all data]
Jensen and Pedersen, 1971
Jensen, R.B.; Pedersen, S.B.,
Reaction between chloral and alcohols. 9. Dissociation of chloral hemiacetals of some aliphatic primary and secondary alcohols,
Acta Chem. Scand., 1971, 25, 2911-2930. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Guimon, Pfister-Guillouzo, et al., 1985
Guimon, G.; Pfister-Guillouzo, G.; Rima, G.; El Amine, M.; Barrau, J.,
Generation, detection and electronic structure of dimethyl germanone by photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum calculations,
Spectrosc. Lett., 1985, 18, 7. [all data]
Katsumata and Kimura, 1975
Katsumata, S.; Kimura, K.,
Photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration. Effect of chlorine substitution on ionization energies for chloroethanes, chloroacetaldehydes and chloroacetyl chlorides,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 309. [all data]
Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D.,
Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30,
Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]
MHA, 9999
MHA, Directorate of ForensicScience.,
Forensic Toxicology, 9999. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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