Silane, tetramethyl-
- Formula: C4H12Si
- Molecular weight: 88.2236
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 75-76-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Tetramethylsilane; (CH3)4Si; Silicon, tetramethyl-; Tetramethylsilicane; UN 2749; Si(CH3)4; CT2050; TMS; NSC 5210; T2050
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Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 9.80 ± 0.04 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.80 ± 0.03 | PI | Murphy and Beauchamp, 1977 | LLK |
9.6 | PE | Potzinger, Ritter, et al., 1975 | LLK |
9.99 ± 0.03 | EI | MacLean and Sacher, 1974 | LLK |
9.79 ± 0.04 | PE | Jonas, Schweitzer, et al., 1973 | LLK |
9.4 ± 0.1 | PE | Evans, Green, et al., 1972 | LLK |
9.85 ± 0.16 | EI | Lappert, Pedley, et al., 1971 | LLK |
9.74 ± 0.05 | EI | Potzinger and Lampe, 1970 | RDSH |
9.86 ± 0.02 | PI | Distefano, 1970 | RDSH |
9.85 ± 0.16 | EI | Lappert, Simpson, et al., 1969 | RDSH |
9.9 ± 0.1 | EI | Band, Davidson, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
9.98 ± 0.03 | EI | Hess, Lampe, et al., 1965 | RDSH |
10.29 | PE | Khvostenko, Zykov, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.4 | PE | Roberge, Sandorfy, et al., 1978 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.57 | PE | Starzewski, Richter, et al., 1976 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
De-protonation reactions
C4H11Si- + =
By formula: C4H11Si- + H+ = C4H12Si
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 388.2 ± 3.1 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Damrauer, Kass, et al., 1988 | gas phase; Comparable to fluorobenzene; B |
ΔrH° | 390.9 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | D-EA | Wetzel and Brauman, 1988 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 379.0 ± 3.0 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Damrauer, Kass, et al., 1988 | gas phase; Comparable to fluorobenzene; B |
ΔrG° | 381.7 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Wetzel and Brauman, 1988 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 390.7 ± 5.0 | kcal/mol | IMRB | DePuy and Damrauer, 1984 | gas phase; B |
Ion clustering data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: C3H9Si+ + C4H12Si = (C3H9Si+ • C4H12Si)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Wojtyniak, Li, et al., 1987 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 35.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Wojtyniak, Li, et al., 1987 | gas phase; M |
By formula: F- + C4H12Si = (F- • C4H12Si)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 29.9 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1985 | gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 23.6 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1985 | gas phase; B,M |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | R.W.CRAWFORD UNIV. OF CALIFORNIA, LIVERMORE, CALIFORNIA, USA |
NIST MS number | 19500 |
UV/Visible spectrum
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
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Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.
Source | Bastian, et al., 1980 |
---|---|
Owner | INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
Origin | INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS |
Source reference | RAS UV No. 18490 |
Instrument | unknown |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 428.1 | Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000 | He; Column length: 3.3 m |
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 428.0 | Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992 | Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m |
Packed | Apolane | 110. | 428.4 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 130. | 427.6 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 150. | 426.8 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 170. | 425.9 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 190. | 424.8 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 210. | 423.6 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 230. | 422.4 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 30. | 430. | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 50. | 429.8 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 70. | 429.4 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 90. | 429. | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Apolane | 70. | 429.4 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 160. | 420. | Peetre and Smith, 1974 |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Apieson M | 160. | 420. | Ellren, Peetre, et al., 1974 | Chromosorb G AW DMCS (80-100 mesh) |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Squalane | 419. | Szekely, Nefedov, et al., 1967 | Nitrogen, 5. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 250. C |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Murphy and Beauchamp, 1977
Murphy, M.K.; Beauchamp, J.L.,
Photoionization mass spectrometry of the fluoromethylsilanes (CH3)n F4-nSi (n = 1-4),
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 2085. [all data]
Potzinger, Ritter, et al., 1975
Potzinger, P.; Ritter, A.; Krause, J.,
Massenspektrometrische Bestimmung von Bindungsenergien in siliciumorganischen Verbindungen,
Z. Naturforsch. A:, 1975, 30, 347. [all data]
MacLean and Sacher, 1974
MacLean, D.I.; Sacher, R.E.,
A study of some spectroscopic properties of Group IVA acetylides,
J. Organomet. Chem., 1974, 74, 197. [all data]
Jonas, Schweitzer, et al., 1973
Jonas, A.E.; Schweitzer, G.K.; Grimm, F.A.; Carlson, T.A.,
The photoelectron spectra of the tetrafluoro and tetramethyl compounds of the group IV elements,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 29. [all data]
Evans, Green, et al., 1972
Evans, S.; Green, J.C.; Joachim, P.J.; Orchard, A.F.; Turner, D.W.; Maier, J.P.,
Electronic structures of the Group IVB tetramethyls by helium-(I) photoelectron spectroscopy,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 905. [all data]
Lappert, Pedley, et al., 1971
Lappert, M.F.; Pedley, J.B.; Simpson, J.; Spalding, T.R.,
Bonding studies of compounds of boron and the Group IV elements. VI. Mass spectrometric studies on compounds Me4M and Me3M-M'Me3 (M and M'=C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb): thermochemical data,
J. Organomet. Chem., 1971, 29, 195. [all data]
Potzinger and Lampe, 1970
Potzinger, P.; Lampe, F.W.,
Thermochemistry of simple alkylsilanes,
J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 719. [all data]
Distefano, 1970
Distefano, G.,
Photoionization study of tetramethylsilicon,
Inorg. Chem., 1970, 9, 1919. [all data]
Lappert, Simpson, et al., 1969
Lappert, M.F.; Simpson, J.; Spalding, T.R.,
Bonding studies of compounds of the group IV elements: ionisation potentials of the Me3M radicals,
J.Organometal. Chem., 1969, 17, PI. [all data]
Band, Davidson, et al., 1968
Band, S.J.; Davidson, I.M.T.; Lambert, C.A.,
Bond dissociation energies: electron impact studies on some trimethylsilyl compounds,
J. Chem. Soc. A, 1968, 2068. [all data]
Hess, Lampe, et al., 1965
Hess, G.G.; Lampe, F.W.; Sommer, L.H.,
An electron impact study of ionization and dissociation of trimethylsilanes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1965, 87, 5327. [all data]
Khvostenko, Zykov, et al., 1981
Khvostenko, V.I.; Zykov, B.G.; Yuriev, V.P.; Mironov, V.F.; Kovel'zon, G.I.; Panasenko, A.A.; Sheludyakov, V.D.; Gailyunas, I.A.,
Study of d(π)-p(π) interaction in vinyl- and alkylsilicon-containing compounds by photoelectron spectroscopy,
J. Organomet. Chem., 1981, 218, 155. [all data]
Roberge, Sandorfy, et al., 1978
Roberge, R.; Sandorfy, C.; Matthews, J.I.; Strausz, O.P.,
The far ultraviolet HeI photoelectron spectra of alkyl and fluorine substituted silane derivatives,
J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 69, 5105. [all data]
Starzewski, Richter, et al., 1976
Starzewski, K.-H.A.O.; Richter, W.; Schmidbaur, H.,
Photoelektronenspektren und Struktur von Arsenyliden. P versus As: Ein Beitrag zur Problematik der ylidischen Bindung,
Chem. Ber., 1976, 109, 473. [all data]
deRidder and Dijkstra, 1967
deRidder, J.J.; Dijkstra, G.,
Mass spectra of the tetramethyl and tetraethyl compounds of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead,
Rec. Trav. Chim., 1967, 86, 737. [all data]
Hobrock and Kiser, 1961
Hobrock, B.G.; Kiser, R.W.,
Electron impact spectroscopy of tetramethylsilicon, -tin and -lead,
J. Phys. Chem., 1961, 65, 2186. [all data]
Szepes and Baer, 1984
Szepes, L.; Baer, T.,
Dissociation dynamics of energy selected hexamethyldisilane ions and the heats of formation of (CH3)3Si+ and (CH3)3Si,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 273. [all data]
Szepes and Baer, 1984, 2
Szepes, L.; Baer, T.,
(CH3)3SiX tipusu vegyuletek vizsgalata fotoelectron-fotoion koincidenciaval,I. Meghatarozott belso energiaju hexametil-diszilan-ionok disszociaciojanak dinamikaja,
Magy. Kem. Foly., 1984, 90, 104. [all data]
Band, Davidson, et al., Commun. 1967
Band, S.J.; Davidson, I.M.T.; Lambert, C.A.; Stephenson, I.L.,
Bond dissociation energies and heats of formation of trimethylsilyl compounds,
Chem., Commun. 1967, 723. [all data]
Connor, Finney, et al., 1966
Connor, J.A.; Finney, G.; Leigh, G.J.; Haszeldine, R.N.; Robinson, P.J.; Sedgwick, R.D.; Simmons, R.F.,
Bond dissociation energies in organosilicon compounds,
Chem. Commun., 1966, 178. [all data]
Hess, Lampe, et al., 1964
Hess, G.G.; Lampe, F.W.; Sommer, L.H.,
Bond dissociation energies and ion energetics in organosilicon compounds by electron impact,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1964, 86, 3174. [all data]
Damrauer, Kass, et al., 1988
Damrauer, R.; Kass, S.R.; DePuy, C.H.,
Gas-Phase Acidities of Methylsilanes: C-H versus Si-H,
Organomet., 1988, 7, 3, 637, https://doi.org/10.1021/om00093a011
. [all data]
Wetzel and Brauman, 1988
Wetzel, D.M.; Brauman, J.I.,
Quantitative Measure of alpha-Silyl Carbanion Stabilization. The Electron Affinity of (Trimethylsilyl)methyl Radical,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 25, 8333, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00233a008
. [all data]
DePuy and Damrauer, 1984
DePuy, C.H.; Damrauer, R.,
Reactions of organosilane anionic species with nitrous oxide,
Organometallics, 1984, 3, 362. [all data]
Wojtyniak, Li, et al., 1987
Wojtyniak, A.C.M.; Li, K.; Stone, J.A.,
The Formation of (CH3)7Si2+ in (CH3)4Si/CH4 Mixtures and CH3- Exchange Reactions Between (CH3)4Si, (CH3)4Ge and (CH3)4Sn Studied by High Pressure Mass Spectrometry,
Can. J. Chem., 1987, 65, 12, 2849, https://doi.org/10.1139/v87-473
. [all data]
Larson and McMahon, 1985
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Fluoride and chloride affinities of the main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ICR halide exchange equilibria,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 766. [all data]
Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P.,
Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions,
J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014
. [all data]
Bastian, et al., 1980
Bastian, E., et al.,
Ber. Bunsen Gesell. Phys. Chem., 1980, 84, 56. [all data]
Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 904, 2, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00908-0
. [all data]
Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S
. [all data]
Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz.,
A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2
. [all data]
Peetre and Smith, 1974
Peetre, I.-B.; Smith, B.E.F.,
Gas chromatographic investigation of organometallic compounds and their carbon analogues. IV. determination, calculation and correlation of Kováts retention indices for tetraalkylsilanes,
J. Chromatogr., 1974, 90, 1, 41-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94772-7
. [all data]
Ellren, Peetre, et al., 1974
Ellren, O.; Peetre, I.B.; Smith, B.E.F.,
Gas chromatographic investigation of organometallic compounds and their carbon analogues. V. Use of refractive index in conjunction with Kovats retention index for the identification of organosilicon compounds,
J. Chromatogr., 1974, 93, 2, 383-392, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85402-9
. [all data]
Szekely, Nefedov, et al., 1967
Szekely, T.; Nefedov, O.M.; Garzo, G.; Shiryayav, V.I.; Fritz, D.,
Gas chromatographic investigation of the thermal decomposition of polydimethylsilylene,
Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hung., 1967, 54, 3-4, 241-254. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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