Ethene, 1,1-difluoro-
- Formula: C2H2F2
- Molecular weight: 64.0341
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 75-38-7
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Ethylene, 1,1-difluoro-; Genetron 1132a; Vinylidene difluoride; Vinylidene fluoride; 1,1-Difluoroethene; 1,1-Difluoroethylene; CH2=CF2; Halocarbon 1132A; NCI-C60208; UN 1959; VDF; FC 1132a
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -82.2 ± 2.4 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Kolesov, Martynov, et al., 1962 | Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -79.6 ± 2.4 kcal/mol |
ΔfH°gas | -77.7 ± 0.8 | kcal/mol | Ccr | Neugebauer and Margrave, 1957 | |
ΔfH°gas | -79.83 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Neugebauer and Margrave, 1956 | Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -77.5 ± 0.8 kcal/mol |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°gas | -259.8 ± 2.4 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Kolesov, Martynov, et al., 1962 | |
ΔcH°gas | -262.2 ± 0.8 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Neugebauer and Margrave, 1956 |
Phase change data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 190. | K | N/A | PCR Inc., 1990 | BS |
Tboil | 190.2 | K | N/A | Weast and Grasselli, 1989 | BS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 302.74 | K | N/A | Tsiklis and Prokhorov, 1967 | TRC |
Tc | 303.25 | K | N/A | Mears, Stahl, et al., 1955 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.7 K; by sealed tube method; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 43.7534 | atm | N/A | Mears, Stahl, et al., 1955 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.0888 atm; from vapor pressure equation at Tc; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 6.40 | mol/l | N/A | Tsiklis and Prokhorov, 1967 | Vis in pVT apparatus, Khodeeva and Lebedeva Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 40, 1668.; TRC |
ρc | 6.51 | mol/l | N/A | Mears, Stahl, et al., 1955 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.23 mol/l; rectilinear diameters; TRC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.15 | 233. | BG | Mears, Stahl, et al., 1955, 2 | AC |
2.3 | 273. | BG | Mears, Stahl, et al., 1955, 2 | AC |
Reaction thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: F- + C2H2F2 = (F- • C2H2F2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 26.7 ± 5.0 | kcal/mol | Ther | Sullivan and Beauchamp, 1976 | gas phase; From CH3CF3 |
Henry's Law data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Rolf Sander
Henry's Law constant (water solution)
kH(T) = k°H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)
k°H (mol/(kg*bar)) | d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.0025 | Q | N/A | missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species. |
Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C2H2F2+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 10.29 ± 0.01 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 175. | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 168.5 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.29 | PI | Frenking, Koch, et al., 1984 | LBLHLM |
10.29 ± 0.02 | PE | Bieri, Niessen, et al., 1981 | LLK |
10.29 | PE | Sell, Mintz, et al., 1978 | LLK |
10.29 ± 0.01 | PI | Reinke, Kraessig, et al., 1973 | LLK |
10.31 | PE | Lake and Thompson, 1970 | RDSH |
10.31 ± 0.02 | PI | Momigny, 1963 | RDSH |
10.30 | PI | Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960 | RDSH |
10.70 ± 0.02 | PE | Bieri, Niessen, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.69 ± 0.02 | PE | Sell and Kuppermann, 1979 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CF+ | 14.92 | CH2F | PI | Frenking, Koch, et al., 1984 | LBLHLM |
CF+ | 14.92 ± 0.02 | CH2F | PI | Reinke, Kraessig, et al., 1973 | LLK |
CF+ | 15.23 | ? | EI | Lifshitz and Long, 1963 | RDSH |
CH2+ | 16.99 ± 0.02 | CF2 | PI | Reinke, Kraessig, et al., 1973 | LLK |
CH2+ | 17.2 ± 0.1 | CF2 | EI | Syrvatka, Bel'ferman, et al., 1971 | LLK |
CH2+ | 17.8 | CF2 | EI | Lifshitz and Long, 1963 | RDSH |
CH2F+ | 14.84 | CF | PI | Frenking, Koch, et al., 1984 | LBLHLM |
CH2F+ | 14.84 ± 0.02 | CF | PI | Reinke, Kraessig, et al., 1973 | LLK |
CH2F+ | 15.08 | CF | EI | Lifshitz and Long, 1963 | RDSH |
C2HF+ | 14.18 | HF | PI | Frenking, Koch, et al., 1984 | LBLHLM |
C2HF+ | 14.18 ± 0.03 | HF | PI | Reinke, Kraessig, et al., 1973 | LLK |
C2HF+ | 14.44 | HF | EI | Lifshitz and Long, 1963 | RDSH |
C2HF2+ | 15.80 ± 0.04 | H | PI | Reinke, Kraessig, et al., 1973 | LLK |
C2HF2+ | 16.67 | H | EI | Lifshitz and Long, 1963 | RDSH |
C2H2+ | 19.08 ± 0.03 | 2F | PI | Reinke, Kraessig, et al., 1973 | LLK |
C2H2+ | 19.8 ± 0.1 | ? | EI | Lifshitz and Long, 1963 | RDSH |
C2H2F+ | 14.37 | F | PI | Frenking, Koch, et al., 1984 | LBLHLM |
C2H2F+ | 14.37 ± 0.02 | F | PI | Reinke, Kraessig, et al., 1973 | LLK |
C2H2F+ | 14.80 | F | EI | Lifshitz and Long, 1963 | RDSH |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: F- + C2H2F2 = (F- • C2H2F2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 26.7 ± 5.0 | kcal/mol | Ther | Sullivan and Beauchamp, 1976 | gas phase; From CH3CF3 |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
NIST MS number | 19017 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 214. | Zenkevich, 2005 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Porapack Q | 194. | Zenkevich and Rodin, 2004 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Kolesov, Martynov, et al., 1962
Kolesov, V.P.; Martynov, A.M.; Shtekher, S.M.; Skuratov, S.M.,
Standard enthalpies of formation of 1,1-difluoroethylene and of trifluoroethylene,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1962, 36, 1118-1120. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Neugebauer and Margrave, 1957
Neugebauer, C.A.; Margrave, J.L.,
Heats of formation of the fluoromethanes and fluoroethylenes,
Tech. Rept., 1957, 1-45. [all data]
Neugebauer and Margrave, 1956
Neugebauer, C.A.; Margrave, J.L.,
The heats of formation of tetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoromethane and 1,1-difluoroethylene,
J. Phys. Chem., 1956, 60, 1318-1321. [all data]
PCR Inc., 1990
PCR Inc.,
Research Chemicals Catalog 1990-1991, PCR Inc., Gainesville, FL, 1990, 1. [all data]
Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]
Tsiklis and Prokhorov, 1967
Tsiklis, D.S.; Prokhorov, V.M.,
Phase equilibria in systems containing fluorine compounds,
Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1967, 41, 2195-9. [all data]
Mears, Stahl, et al., 1955
Mears, W.H.; Stahl, R.F.; Orfeo, S.R.; Shair, R.C.; Kells, L.F.; Thompson, W.; McCann, H.,
Thermodynamic Properties of Halogenated Ethanes and Ethylenes,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1955, 47, 1449. [all data]
Mears, Stahl, et al., 1955, 2
Mears, Whitney H.; Stahl, Richard F.; Orfeo, S. Robert; Shair, Robert C.; Kells, Lyman F.; Thompson, Walter; McCann, Harold,
Thermodynamic Properties of Halogenated Ethanes and Ethylenes,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1955, 47, 7, 1449-1454, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50547a052
. [all data]
Sullivan and Beauchamp, 1976
Sullivan, S.A.; Beauchamp, J.L.,
Competition between proton transfer and elimination in the reactions of strong bases with fluoroethanes in the gas phase. Influence of base strength on reactivity,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 1160. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Frenking, Koch, et al., 1984
Frenking, G.; Koch, W.; Schaale, M.; Baumgartel, H.,
The unimolecular decay of difluoroethene cations. An experimental and quantum-chemical study,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1984, 61, 305. [all data]
Bieri, Niessen, et al., 1981
Bieri, G.; Niessen, W.V.; Asbrink, L.; Svensson, A.,
The He(II) photoelectron spectra of the fluorosubstituted ethylenes and their analysis by the green's function method,
Chem. Phys., 1981, 60, 61. [all data]
Sell, Mintz, et al., 1978
Sell, J.A.; Mintz, D.M.; Kupperman, A.,
Photoelectron angular distributions of carbon-carbon π electrons in ethylene, benzene, and their fluorinated derivatives,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1978, 58, 601. [all data]
Reinke, Kraessig, et al., 1973
Reinke, D.; Kraessig, R.; Baumgartel, H.,
Photoreactions of small organic molecules,
Z. Naturforsch. A:, 1973, 28, 1021. [all data]
Lake and Thompson, 1970
Lake, R.F.; Thompson, H.,
Photoelectron spectra of halogenated ethylenes,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1970, A315, 323. [all data]
Momigny, 1963
Momigny, J.,
Ionization potentials and the structures of the photo-ionization yield curves of ethylene and its halogeno derivatives,
Nature, 1963, 199, 1179. [all data]
Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960
Bralsford, R.; Harris, P.V.; Price, W.C.,
The effect of fluorine on the electronic spectra and ionization potentials of molecules,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1960, A258, 459. [all data]
Sell and Kuppermann, 1979
Sell, J.A.; Kuppermann, A.,
Variable angle photoelectron spectroscopy of the fluoroethylenes,
J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 71, 4703. [all data]
Lifshitz and Long, 1963
Lifshitz, C.; Long, F.A.,
Appearance potentials and mass spectra of fluorinated ethylenes. I. Decomposition mechanisms and their energetics,
J. Phys. Chem., 1963, 67, 2463. [all data]
Syrvatka, Bel'ferman, et al., 1971
Syrvatka, B.G.; Bel'ferman, A.L.; Gil'burd, M.M.; Moin, F.B.,
Determination of the dissociation energy of the double bond in some fluorochloro-substituted ethylenes and their ions by electron bombardment,
J. Org. Chem. USSR, 1971, 7, 8, In original 9. [all data]
Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G.,
Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]
Zenkevich and Rodin, 2004
Zenkevich, I.G.; Rodin, A.A.,
Gas chromatographic identification of some volatile toxic fluorine containing compounds by precalculated retention indices,
J. Ecol. Chem. (Rus.), 2004, 13, 1, 22-28. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant k°H Henry's Law constant at 298.15K ΔcH°gas Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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