Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas0.6 ± 0.5kcal/molReviewManion, 2002derived from recommended ΔfHliquid° and ΔvapH°; DRB
Δfgas0.53 ± 0.33kcal/molCcrMansson, Ringner, et al., 1971ALS

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-5.8 ± 0.5kcal/molReviewManion, 2002weighted average of several measurements; DRB
Δfliquid-5.81 ± 0.33kcal/molCcrMansson, Ringner, et al., 1971ALS
Δfliquid-6.0 ± 0.3kcal/molCcbSinke and Stull, 1958ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-261.94 ± 0.33kcal/molCcrMansson, Ringner, et al., 1971ALS
Δcliquid-261.93kcal/molCcbSinke and Stull, 1958ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid48.169cal/mol*KN/AHildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
26.599298.15Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959T = 13 to 290 K.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil304.2KN/AAldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990BS
Tboil304.55KN/AKovac, Svoboda, et al., 1985Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Tboil304.7KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple150.59KN/AHildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap6.391kcal/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap6.39 ± 0.02kcal/molReviewManion, 2002derived from vapor pressure data of Hildebranld, Kramer, et al., 1959 plus a correction for non-ideality; DRB
Δvap6.33 ± 0.02kcal/molCMansson, Ringner, et al., 1971ALS
Δvap6.328 ± 0.020kcal/molVHildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959ALS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
6.248304.7N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
6.3279298.15N/AHildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959P = 80.03 kPa; DH
6.79260.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 245. to 305. K. See also Hildenbrand and McDonald, 1959 and Dykyj, 1970.; AC

Entropy of vaporization

ΔvapS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
21.22298.15Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959P; DH

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
244.79 to 305.74.10211104.726-35.403Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
1.557150.59Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959DH
1.56150.9Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
10.34150.59Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro- = Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr13.6kcal/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase
Δr11.7kcal/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase
Δr13.61 ± 0.50kcal/molEqkLevanova, Treger, et al., 1975liquid phase; solvent: Nitrobenzene; Flow reactor at 50°C

Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro- = Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.3kcal/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979gas phase
Δr15.6kcal/molEqkLevanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979liquid phase

Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- + Hydrogen chloride = Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-

By formula: C2H2Cl2 + HCl = C2H3Cl3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-13.06 ± 0.20kcal/molEqkHu, Sinke, et al., 1972gas phase; Heat of halogenation at 348-399 K

Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- = Ethylene, 1,2-dichloro-, (Z)-

By formula: C2H2Cl2 = C2H2Cl2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1.32kcal/molEqkRozhnov, Levanova, et al., 1974liquid phase; solvent: Dichloromethylene; GC

Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- = Ethylene, 1,2-dichloro-, (E)-

By formula: C2H2Cl2 = C2H2Cl2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-0.84kcal/molEqkRozhnov, Levanova, et al., 1974liquid phase; solvent: Dichloroethylene; GC

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.81 ± 0.04eVN/AN/AL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.099999ECDWiley, Chen, et al., 1991B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.83PELake and Thompson, 1970RDSH
9.74PEJonathan, Ross, et al., 1970RDSH
9.86SWalsh, Warsop, et al., 1968RDSH
9.79PIBralsford, Harris, et al., 1960RDSH
10.0PEVon Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982Vertical value; LBLHLM
9.99 ± 0.02PEBunzli, Frost, et al., 1976Vertical value; LLK
10.00PEWittel and Bock, 1974Vertical value; LLK

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-170.513.Annino and Villalobos, 199922.6 m/0.53 mm/2.78 μm
CapillaryOV-150.513.Villalobos, 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.96 μm
PackedOV-1100.517.Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-1125.519.Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-175.517.Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M70.744.Annino and Villalobos, 199931.3 m/0.53 mm/0.54 μm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M50.744.Villalobos, 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.54 μm, He
PackedSP-1000100.744.91Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedSP-1000125.750.44Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedSP-100075.734.18Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5521.1Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-1513.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySE-54489.Huang, Liang, et al., 199636. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 240. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes498.Zenkevich, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone498.Zenkevich, 2001Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1512.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillarySPB-1511.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryDB-5522.Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995He; Column length: 30. m; Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1512.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1511.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1515.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.520.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1515.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax736.Shimadzu, 201230. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryDB-Wax736.Shimadzu Corporation, 200330. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M715.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A., Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703 . [all data]

Mansson, Ringner, et al., 1971
Mansson, M.; Ringner, B.; Sunner, S., The enthalpies of combustion and formation of some simple chloroalkanes and chloralkenes 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1-dichloroethene, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 547-551. [all data]

Sinke and Stull, 1958
Sinke, G.C.; Stull, D.R., Heats of combustion of some organic compounds containing chlorine, J. Phys. Chem., 1958, 62, 397-401. [all data]

Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959
Hildenbrand, d.L.; McDonald, R.A.; Kramer, W.R.; Stull, D.R., Thermodynamic and spectroscopic study of vinylidene chloride. I. Thermodynamic properties of the solid, liquid, and ideal gas, J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 30, 930-934. [all data]

Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]

Kovac, Svoboda, et al., 1985
Kovac, A.; Svoboda, J.; Ondrus, I., Vapor-liquid equilibrium of some binary systems containing 1,1-dichloroethylene, Chem. Zvesti, 1985, 39, 6, 729. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959, 2
Hildenbrand, D.L.; McDonald, R.A.; Kramer, W.R.; Stull, D.R., Thermodyn. and spectroscopic study of vinylidene chloride. I. Thermodyn. properties of the solid, liquid, and ideal gas, J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 30, 930-4. [all data]

Hildebranld, Kramer, et al., 1959
Hildebranld, D.L.; Kramer, W.K.; McDonald, R.A.; Stull, D.R., Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Study of Vinylidene Chloride. I. Thermodynamic Properties of the Solid, Liquid, and Ideal Gas, J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 30, 4, 930, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1730128 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Hildenbrand and McDonald, 1959
Hildenbrand, D.L.; McDonald, R.A., The Heat of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure of Carbon Tetrachloride; The Entropy from Calorimetric Data., J. Phys. Chem., 1959, 63, 9, 1521-1522, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150579a053 . [all data]

Dykyj, 1970
Dykyj, J., Petrochemica, 1970, 10, 2, 51. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979
Levanova, s.V.; Bushneva, I.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.; Aprelkin, A.S., Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1979, 52, 1439-1442. [all data]

Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975
Levanova, S.V.; Treger, Yu.A.; Velichko, S.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Bshneva, L.I.; Talanov, A.I., Equilibrium of the vinylidene chloride-methylchloroform system, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1975, 42, 480-481. [all data]

Hu, Sinke, et al., 1972
Hu, A.T.; Sinke, G.C.; Mintz, M.J., The enthalpy of formation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane from enthalpy of combustion and equilibrium studies, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1972, 4, 239-245. [all data]

Rozhnov, Levanova, et al., 1974
Rozhnov, A.M.; Levanova, S.V.; Dvornikova, G.A.; Sadovnikova, S.L., Equilibrium of isomerization of dichloroethylenes, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1974, 47, 667-669. [all data]

Wiley, Chen, et al., 1991
Wiley, J.R.; Chen, E.C.M.; Chen, E.S.D.; Richardson, P.; Reed, W.R.; Wentworth, W.E., The Determination of Absolute Electron Affinities of Chlorobenzenes, Chloronaphthalenes and Chlorinated Biphenyls from Reduction Potentials, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfac., 1991, 307, 1-2, 169, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(91)85546-2 . [all data]

Lake and Thompson, 1970
Lake, R.F.; Thompson, H., Photoelectron spectra of halogenated ethylenes, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1970, A315, 323. [all data]

Jonathan, Ross, et al., 1970
Jonathan, N.; Ross, K.; Tomlinson, V., The photoelectron spectra of dichloroethylenes, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 4, 51. [all data]

Walsh, Warsop, et al., 1968
Walsh, A.D.; Warsop, P.A.; Whiteside, J.A.B., Ultra-violet absorption spectrum of 1,1-dichloro ethylene, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1968, 64, 1432. [all data]

Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960
Bralsford, R.; Harris, P.V.; Price, W.C., The effect of fluorine on the electronic spectra and ionization potentials of molecules, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1960, A258, 459. [all data]

Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Von Niessen, W.; Asbrink, L.; Bieri, G., 30.4 nm He(II) Photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part VI. Halogeno-compounds (C,H,X: X = Cl, Br, I), J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 26, 173. [all data]

Bunzli, Frost, et al., 1976
Bunzli, J.C.; Frost, D.C.; Herring, F.G.; McDowell, C.A., Assignment of the doublet states arising from ionization of chlorine lone-pairs in molecules possessing C2v symmetry, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1976, 9, 289. [all data]

Wittel and Bock, 1974
Wittel, K.; Bock, H., Photoelektronenspekten und molekuleigenschaften. XXVII. Chlor- und bromathylene- beispiele fur anderungen in π- und σ-Systemen, Chem. Ber., 1974, 107, 317. [all data]

Annino and Villalobos, 1999
Annino, R.; Villalobos, R., A strategy for the simplification and solution of complex chromatographic analysis problems utilizing two-dimensional mapping of retention indexes followed by computer modeling of heart cuts from serially coupled columns containing different stationary phases, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1999, 22, 10, 589-593. [all data]

Villalobos, 1995
Villalobos, R., A window diagram for key component analysis in on-line gas chromatography, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 6, 343-347, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180604 . [all data]

Castello and Gerbino, 1988
Castello, G.; Gerbino, T.C., Effect of Temperature on the Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated Compounds on Polar and Non-Polar Stationary Phases, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 437, 33-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90369-8 . [all data]

Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003 . [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Huang, Liang, et al., 1996
Huang, C.; Liang, H.; Han, S., The analysis of organic compounds in waste water by gas extraction/thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1996, 14, 6, 421-424. [all data]

Zenkevich, 2003
Zenkevich, I.G., Criteria for Evaluation of Elution Order of Isomeric Organic Compounds, Zh. Phys. Khim. (Rus.), 2003, 77, 1, 92-98. [all data]

Zenkevich, 2001
Zenkevich, I.G., Comparative Characterization of Conditions for Unambuguous Chromatographic Identification of Organic Compounds, Zh. Anal. Khim., 2001, 56, 9, 915-924. [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]

Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995
Sorimachi, J.; Tanabe, A.; Mitobe, H.; Kuniaki, K.; Masaaki, S., Programmed temperature retention indices for volatile organic compounds on headspace GC/MS analysis, Niigata-ken Eisei Kogai Kenkyusho Nenpo, 1995, 11, 75-79. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5 . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2012
Shimadzu, Pharmaceutical Related, Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation) (1) - GC, 2012, retrieved from www.shimadzu.ru/applications/Applicationspdf/GC/Pharma/Pharmaceutical residual solvents GC.pdf. [all data]

Shimadzu Corporation, 2003
Shimadzu Corporation, Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com.br/analitica/aplicacoes/book/pharm69.pdf. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References