Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-
- Formula: C2H2Cl2
- Molecular weight: 96.943
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LGXVIGDEPROXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 75-35-4
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-; Vinylidene chloride; 1,1-Dichloroethene; 1,1-Dichloroethylene; CH2=CCl2; Chlorure de vinylidene; 1,1-DCE; NCI-C54262; Rcra waste number U078; VDC; Vinylidene dichloride; Vinylidine chloride; 1,1-dichloroethylene (vinylidine chloride); 1,1-dichloroethylene (vinylidene chloride)
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | 2. ± 2. | kJ/mol | Review | Manion, 2002 | derived from recommended ΔfHliquid° and ΔvapH°; DRB |
ΔfH°gas | 2.2 ± 1.4 | kJ/mol | Ccr | Mansson, Ringner, et al., 1971 | ALS |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -24. ± 2. | kJ/mol | Review | Manion, 2002 | weighted average of several measurements; DRB |
ΔfH°liquid | -24.3 ± 1.4 | kJ/mol | Ccr | Mansson, Ringner, et al., 1971 | ALS |
ΔfH°liquid | -25. ± 1. | kJ/mol | Ccb | Sinke and Stull, 1958 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°liquid | -1096.0 ± 1.4 | kJ/mol | Ccr | Mansson, Ringner, et al., 1971 | ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -1095.9 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Sinke and Stull, 1958 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°liquid | 201.54 | J/mol*K | N/A | Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959 | DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
111.29 | 298.15 | Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959 | T = 13 to 290 K.; DH |
Phase change data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 304.2 | K | N/A | Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990 | BS |
Tboil | 304.55 | K | N/A | Kovac, Svoboda, et al., 1985 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC |
Tboil | 304.7 | K | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 150.59 | K | N/A | Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 26.74 | kJ/mol | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
ΔvapH° | 26.74 ± 0.09 | kJ/mol | Review | Manion, 2002 | derived from vapor pressure data of Hildebranld, Kramer, et al., 1959 plus a correction for non-ideality; DRB |
ΔvapH° | 26.48 ± 0.08 | kJ/mol | C | Mansson, Ringner, et al., 1971 | ALS |
ΔvapH° | 26.48 ± 0.084 | kJ/mol | V | Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959 | ALS |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
26.14 | 304.7 | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
26.476 | 298.15 | N/A | Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959 | P = 80.03 kPa; DH |
28.4 | 260. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 245. to 305. K. See also Hildenbrand and McDonald, 1959 and Dykyj, 1970.; AC |
Entropy of vaporization
ΔvapS (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
88.80 | 298.15 | Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959 | P; DH |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
244.79 to 305.7 | 4.1078 | 1104.726 | -35.403 | Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
6.514 | 150.59 | Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959 | DH |
6.51 | 150.9 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
43.26 | 150.59 | Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 56.9 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase |
ΔrH° | 49.0 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | 56.9 ± 2.1 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975 | liquid phase; solvent: Nitrobenzene; Flow reactor at 50°C |
By formula: C2H3Cl3 = C2H2Cl2 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 51.5 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase |
ΔrH° | 65.3 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase |
By formula: C2H2Cl2 + HCl = C2H3Cl3
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -54.64 ± 0.84 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Hu, Sinke, et al., 1972 | gas phase; Heat of halogenation at 348-399 K |
By formula: C2H2Cl2 = C2H2Cl2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -5.52 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Rozhnov, Levanova, et al., 1974 | liquid phase; solvent: Dichloromethylene; GC |
By formula: C2H2Cl2 = C2H2Cl2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -3.5 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Rozhnov, Levanova, et al., 1974 | liquid phase; solvent: Dichloroethylene; GC |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 9.81 ± 0.04 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
0.099999 | ECD | Wiley, Chen, et al., 1991 | B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.83 | PE | Lake and Thompson, 1970 | RDSH |
9.74 | PE | Jonathan, Ross, et al., 1970 | RDSH |
9.86 | S | Walsh, Warsop, et al., 1968 | RDSH |
9.79 | PI | Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960 | RDSH |
10.0 | PE | Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982 | Vertical value; LBLHLM |
9.99 ± 0.02 | PE | Bunzli, Frost, et al., 1976 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.00 | PE | Wittel and Bock, 1974 | Vertical value; LLK |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
- Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer.; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY; 4 cm-1 resolution
- GAS (100 mmHg, N2 ADDED, TOTAL PRESSURE 600 mmHg); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH II) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm-1 resolution
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty
- gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-1 | 70. | 513. | Annino and Villalobos, 1999 | 22.6 m/0.53 mm/2.78 μm |
Capillary | OV-1 | 50. | 513. | Villalobos, 1995 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.96 μm |
Packed | OV-1 | 100. | 517. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | OV-1 | 125. | 519. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | OV-1 | 75. | 517. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 70. | 744. | Annino and Villalobos, 1999 | 31.3 m/0.53 mm/0.54 μm |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 50. | 744. | Villalobos, 1995 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.54 μm, He |
Packed | SP-1000 | 100. | 744.91 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SP-1000 | 125. | 750.44 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SP-1000 | 75. | 734.18 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-5 | 521.1 | Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | BP-1 | 513. | Health Safety Executive, 2000 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 489. | Huang, Liang, et al., 1996 | 36. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 240. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxanes | 498. | Zenkevich, 2003 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 498. | Zenkevich, 2001 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 512. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 511. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 522. | Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995 | He; Column length: 30. m; Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 512. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 511. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 515. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 520. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1 | 515. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 736. | Shimadzu, 2012 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 736. | Shimadzu Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 715. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A.,
Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703
. [all data]
Mansson, Ringner, et al., 1971
Mansson, M.; Ringner, B.; Sunner, S.,
The enthalpies of combustion and formation of some simple chloroalkanes and chloralkenes 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1-dichloroethene,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 547-551. [all data]
Sinke and Stull, 1958
Sinke, G.C.; Stull, D.R.,
Heats of combustion of some organic compounds containing chlorine,
J. Phys. Chem., 1958, 62, 397-401. [all data]
Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959
Hildenbrand, d.L.; McDonald, R.A.; Kramer, W.R.; Stull, D.R.,
Thermodynamic and spectroscopic study of vinylidene chloride. I. Thermodynamic properties of the solid, liquid, and ideal gas,
J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 30, 930-934. [all data]
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc.,
Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]
Kovac, Svoboda, et al., 1985
Kovac, A.; Svoboda, J.; Ondrus, I.,
Vapor-liquid equilibrium of some binary systems containing 1,1-dichloroethylene,
Chem. Zvesti, 1985, 39, 6, 729. [all data]
Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]
Hildenbrand, McDonald, et al., 1959, 2
Hildenbrand, D.L.; McDonald, R.A.; Kramer, W.R.; Stull, D.R.,
Thermodyn. and spectroscopic study of vinylidene chloride. I. Thermodyn. properties of the solid, liquid, and ideal gas,
J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 30, 930-4. [all data]
Hildebranld, Kramer, et al., 1959
Hildebranld, D.L.; Kramer, W.K.; McDonald, R.A.; Stull, D.R.,
Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Study of Vinylidene Chloride. I. Thermodynamic Properties of the Solid, Liquid, and Ideal Gas,
J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 30, 4, 930, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1730128
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Hildenbrand and McDonald, 1959
Hildenbrand, D.L.; McDonald, R.A.,
The Heat of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure of Carbon Tetrachloride; The Entropy from Calorimetric Data.,
J. Phys. Chem., 1959, 63, 9, 1521-1522, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150579a053
. [all data]
Dykyj, 1970
Dykyj, J.,
Petrochemica, 1970, 10, 2, 51. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979
Levanova, s.V.; Bushneva, I.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.; Aprelkin, A.S.,
Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions,
J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1979, 52, 1439-1442. [all data]
Levanova, Treger, et al., 1975
Levanova, S.V.; Treger, Yu.A.; Velichko, S.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Bshneva, L.I.; Talanov, A.I.,
Equilibrium of the vinylidene chloride-methylchloroform system,
Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1975, 42, 480-481. [all data]
Hu, Sinke, et al., 1972
Hu, A.T.; Sinke, G.C.; Mintz, M.J.,
The enthalpy of formation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane from enthalpy of combustion and equilibrium studies,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1972, 4, 239-245. [all data]
Rozhnov, Levanova, et al., 1974
Rozhnov, A.M.; Levanova, S.V.; Dvornikova, G.A.; Sadovnikova, S.L.,
Equilibrium of isomerization of dichloroethylenes,
J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1974, 47, 667-669. [all data]
Wiley, Chen, et al., 1991
Wiley, J.R.; Chen, E.C.M.; Chen, E.S.D.; Richardson, P.; Reed, W.R.; Wentworth, W.E.,
The Determination of Absolute Electron Affinities of Chlorobenzenes, Chloronaphthalenes and Chlorinated Biphenyls from Reduction Potentials,
J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfac., 1991, 307, 1-2, 169, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(91)85546-2
. [all data]
Lake and Thompson, 1970
Lake, R.F.; Thompson, H.,
Photoelectron spectra of halogenated ethylenes,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1970, A315, 323. [all data]
Jonathan, Ross, et al., 1970
Jonathan, N.; Ross, K.; Tomlinson, V.,
The photoelectron spectra of dichloroethylenes,
Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 4, 51. [all data]
Walsh, Warsop, et al., 1968
Walsh, A.D.; Warsop, P.A.; Whiteside, J.A.B.,
Ultra-violet absorption spectrum of 1,1-dichloro ethylene,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1968, 64, 1432. [all data]
Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960
Bralsford, R.; Harris, P.V.; Price, W.C.,
The effect of fluorine on the electronic spectra and ionization potentials of molecules,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1960, A258, 459. [all data]
Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Von Niessen, W.; Asbrink, L.; Bieri, G.,
30.4 nm He(II) Photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part VI. Halogeno-compounds (C,H,X: X = Cl, Br, I),
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 26, 173. [all data]
Bunzli, Frost, et al., 1976
Bunzli, J.C.; Frost, D.C.; Herring, F.G.; McDowell, C.A.,
Assignment of the doublet states arising from ionization of chlorine lone-pairs in molecules possessing C2v symmetry,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1976, 9, 289. [all data]
Wittel and Bock, 1974
Wittel, K.; Bock, H.,
Photoelektronenspekten und molekuleigenschaften. XXVII. Chlor- und bromathylene- beispiele fur anderungen in π- und σ-Systemen,
Chem. Ber., 1974, 107, 317. [all data]
Annino and Villalobos, 1999
Annino, R.; Villalobos, R.,
A strategy for the simplification and solution of complex chromatographic analysis problems utilizing two-dimensional mapping of retention indexes followed by computer modeling of heart cuts from serially coupled columns containing different stationary phases,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1999, 22, 10, 589-593. [all data]
Villalobos, 1995
Villalobos, R.,
A window diagram for key component analysis in on-line gas chromatography,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 6, 343-347, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180604
. [all data]
Castello and Gerbino, 1988
Castello, G.; Gerbino, T.C.,
Effect of Temperature on the Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated Compounds on Polar and Non-Polar Stationary Phases,
J. Chromatogr., 1988, 437, 33-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90369-8
. [all data]
Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J.,
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003
. [all data]
Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive,
MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography
in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]
Huang, Liang, et al., 1996
Huang, C.; Liang, H.; Han, S.,
The analysis of organic compounds in waste water by gas extraction/thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1996, 14, 6, 421-424. [all data]
Zenkevich, 2003
Zenkevich, I.G.,
Criteria for Evaluation of Elution Order of Isomeric Organic Compounds,
Zh. Phys. Khim. (Rus.), 2003, 77, 1, 92-98. [all data]
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Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ΔvapS Entropy of vaporization - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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