Methylene chloride
- Formula: CH2Cl2
- Molecular weight: 84.933
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 75-09-2
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Methane, dichloro-; Aerothene MM; Dichloromethane; Freon 30; Methylene dichloride; Narkotil; Solaesthin; Solmethine; CH2Cl2; Methane dichloride; Methylene bichloride; Chlorure de methylene; Metylenu chlorek; NCI-C50102; R 30; Rcra waste number U080; UN 1593; Methoklone; Salesthin; F 30; F 30 (chlorocarbon); HCC 30; Khladon 30; Metaclen; NSC 406122; Soleana VDA
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Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 11.33 ± 0.04 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Proton affinity at 298K
Proton affinity (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
628. ± 8. | Cacace, de Petris, et al., 1999 | COS; C2H2. Paper reports PA although proton transfer reactivity brackets GB. Following authors, the GBs of CH2Cl2 and COS are equated given reversible proton transfer.; MM |
Gas basicity at 298K
Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
602. ± 8. | Cacace, de Petris, et al., 1999 | COS; C2H2. Paper reports PA although proton transfer reactivity brackets GB. Following authors, the GBs of CH2Cl2 and COS are equated given reversible proton transfer.; MM |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
11.32 | PE | Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982 | LBLHLM |
11.40 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981 | LLK |
11.32 ± 0.01 | PI | Werner, Tsai, et al., 1974 | LLK |
11.28 | EI | Lossing, 1972 | LLK |
11.33 | PE | Dewar and Worley, 1969 | RDSH |
11.36 | CI | Cermak, 1968 | RDSH |
11.35 ± 0.02 | PI | Watanabe, 1957 | RDSH |
11.40 | PE | Dixon, Murrell, et al., 1971 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C+ | 25.5 ± 0.1 | ? | EI | Reed and Snedden, 1956 | RDSH |
CH+ | 21.72 ± 0.04 | ? | EI | Reed and Snedden, 1956 | RDSH |
CHCl2+ | 13.00 ± 0.10 | H | EI | Reed and Snedden, 1956 | RDSH |
CH2+ | 17.0 | Cl2 | EI | Haney and Franklin, 1968 | RDSH |
CH2Cl+ | 12.10 | Cl | EI | Holmes, Lossing, et al., 1988 | LL |
CH2Cl+ | 12.14 ± 0.02 | Cl | PI | Werner, Tsai, et al., 1974 | LLK |
CH2Cl+ | 12.15 | Cl | EI | Lossing, 1972 | LLK |
CH2Cl+ | 12.1 ± 0.1 | Cl | EI | Harrison and Shannon, 1962 | RDSH |
CH2Cl+ | 12.89 ± 0.03 | Cl | EI | Reed and Snedden, 1956 | RDSH |
CHC12+ | 12.12 ± 0.05 | H | EI | Martin, Lampe, et al., 1966 | RDSH |
Cl+ | 17.4 ± 0.1 | CH2Cl | EI | DeCorpo, Bafus, et al., 1971 | LLK |
Cl+ | 17.4 | CH2Cl | EI | Franklin and Haney, 1970 | RDSH |
De-protonation reactions
CHCl2- + =
By formula: CHCl2- + H+ = CH2Cl2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1572. ± 9.2 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Born, Ingemann, et al., 2000 | gas phase; D-EA from this reference yields BDE = 96.0±3.2 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrH° | 1567. ± 13. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972 | gas phase; Comparable to DMSO; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1540. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Born, Ingemann, et al., 2000 | gas phase; D-EA from this reference yields BDE = 96.0±3.2 kcal/mol; B |
ΔrG° | 1543.9 ± 2.9 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Poutsma, Paulino, et al., 1997 | gas phase; relative to tBuOH at ΔGacid = 369.3; B |
ΔrG° | 1535. ± 13. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972 | gas phase; Comparable to DMSO; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
Ion clustering data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.
Clustering reactions
By formula: CH2Cl3- + 2CH2Cl2 = C2H4Cl5-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 54.81 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 27.4 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
By formula: CN- + CH2Cl2 = (CN- • CH2Cl2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 68. ± 15. | kJ/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1987 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 101. | J/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1987 | gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(CN-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 38. ± 9.6 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1987 | gas phase; B,M |
By formula: C2H4Cl5- + 3CH2Cl2 = C3H6Cl7-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 40.6 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 19.4 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
By formula: C2H5+ + CH2Cl2 = (C2H5+ • CH2Cl2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 151. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 189. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: C3H6Cl7- + 4CH2Cl2 = C4H8Cl9-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 37.7 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 15.2 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
By formula: C3H7+ + CH2Cl2 = (C3H7+ • CH2Cl2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 65.3 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 130. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
C4H8Cl9- + 5 = C5H10Cl11-
By formula: C4H8Cl9- + 5CH2Cl2 = C5H10Cl11-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 32.2 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 11.0 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
By formula: C4H9+ + CH2Cl2 = (C4H9+ • CH2Cl2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 40. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 93.3 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C5H9+ + CH2Cl2 = (C5H9+ • CH2Cl2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 41. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 84.5 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C5H11+ + CH2Cl2 = (C5H11+ • CH2Cl2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 40. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 97.5 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C6H11+ + CH2Cl2 = (C6H11+ • CH2Cl2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 44.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 130. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: Cl- + CH2Cl2 = (Cl- • CH2Cl2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 66.1 ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrH° | 61.9 ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 64.9 ± 1.3 | kJ/mol | TDEq | Dougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 92.5 | J/mol*K | N/A | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Kebarle, 1977; M |
ΔrS° | 92.0 | J/mol*K | HPMS | Dougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 38. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Larson and McMahon, 1984 | gas phase; B,M |
ΔrG° | 37.0 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 37.2 ± 2.5 | kJ/mol | TDEq | Dougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974 | gas phase; B |
By formula: Li+ + CH2Cl2 = (Li+ • CH2Cl2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 120. | kJ/mol | ICR | Staley and Beauchamp, 1975 | gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-5526 |
NIST MS number | 228003 |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Cacace, de Petris, et al., 1999
Cacace, F.; de Petris, G.; Pepi, F.; Rosi, M.; Troiani, A.,
Gaseous [H3C-Cl-Cl](+) ions from the reaction of methane with Cl-3(+), the first example of a new dihalogenation process: Formation and characterization of CH3Cl2+ isomers by experimental and theoretical methods,
Chemistry - A European Journal, 1999, 5, 2750. [all data]
Von Niessen, Asbrink, et al., 1982
Von Niessen, W.; Asbrink, L.; Bieri, G.,
30.4 nm He(II) Photoelectron spectra of organic molecules. Part VI. Halogeno-compounds (C,H,X: X = Cl, Br, I),
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1982, 26, 173. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Werner, Tsai, et al., 1974
Werner, A.S.; Tsai, B.P.; Baer, T.,
Photoionization study of the ionization potentials fragmentation paths of the chlorinated methanes carbon tetrabromide,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 3650. [all data]
Lossing, 1972
Lossing, F.P.,
Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLIV. Ionization potentials bond dissociation energies for chloro-and fluoromethyl radicals,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1972, 81, 125. [all data]
Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D.,
Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]
Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V.,
Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. I. Determination of ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules,
Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 1968, 33, 2739. [all data]
Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]
Dixon, Murrell, et al., 1971
Dixon, R.N.; Murrell, J.N.; Narayan, B.,
The photoelectron spectra of the halomethanes,
Mol. Phys., 1971, 20, 611. [all data]
Reed and Snedden, 1956
Reed, R.I.; Snedden, W.,
Studies in electron impact methods. Part 6.-The formation of the methine and carbon ions,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1956, 55, 876. [all data]
Haney and Franklin, 1968
Haney, M.A.; Franklin, J.L.,
Correlation of excess energies of electron-impact dissociations with the translational energies of the products,
J.Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 4093. [all data]
Holmes, Lossing, et al., 1988
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P.; McFarlane, R.A.,
Stabilization energy and positional effects in halogen-substituted alkyl ions.,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1988, 86, 209. [all data]
Harrison and Shannon, 1962
Harrison, A.G.; Shannon, T.W.,
An electron impact study of chloromethyl and dichloromethyl derivatives,
Can. J. Chem., 1962, 40, 1730. [all data]
Martin, Lampe, et al., 1966
Martin, R.H.; Lampe, F.W.; Taft, R.W.,
An electron-impact study of ionization and dissociation in methoxy- and halogen- substituted methanes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, 1353. [all data]
DeCorpo, Bafus, et al., 1971
DeCorpo, J.J.; Bafus, D.A.; Franklin, J.L.,
Enthalpies of formation of the monohalomethyl radicals from mass spectrometric studies of the dihalomethanes,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 125. [all data]
Franklin and Haney, 1970
Franklin, J.L.; Haney, M.A.,
Energy distribution in ionic decomposition processes, Recent Developments in Mass Spectroscopy, ed. K. Ogata and T. Hayakawa Baltimore Univ. Park Press, Baltimore, MD, 1970, 909. [all data]
Born, Ingemann, et al., 2000
Born, M.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M.,
Thermochemical properties of halogen-substituted methanes, methyl radicals, and carbenes in the gas phase,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 194, 2-3, 103-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00125-6
. [all data]
Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972
Bohme, D.K.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Young, L.B.,
Acidity order of selected bronsted acids in the gas phase at 300K,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 5153. [all data]
Poutsma, Paulino, et al., 1997
Poutsma, J.C.; Paulino, J.A.; Squires, R.R.,
Absolute Heats of Formation of CHCl, CHF, and CClF. A Gas-Phase Experimental and G2 Theoretical Study.,
J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 29, 5327, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp970778f
. [all data]
Hiraoka, Mizuno, et al., 2001
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuno, T.; Iino, T.; Eguchi, D.; Yamabe, S.,
Characteristic changes of bond energies for gas-phase cluster ions of halide ions with methane and chloromethanes,
J. Phys. Chem. A, 2001, 105, 20, 4887-4893, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp010143n
. [all data]
Larson and McMahon, 1987
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. The energetics of interaction between cyanide ion and bronsted acids,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 6230. [all data]
Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971
Payzant, J.D.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P.,
Hydration of CN-, NO2-, NO3-, and HO- in the gas phase,
Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 3308. [all data]
Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985
Sharma, D.M.S.; Meza de Hojer, S.; Kebarle, P.,
Stabilities of halonium ions from a study of gas-phase equilibria R+ + XR' = (RXR')+,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 13, 3757, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00299a002
. [all data]
Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]
Dougherty, Dalton, et al., 1974
Dougherty, R.C.; Dalton, J.; Roberts, J.D.,
SN2 reactions in the gas phase: Structure of the transition state,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 77. [all data]
Kebarle, 1977
Kebarle, P.,
Ion Thermochemistry and Solvation from Gas Phase Ion Equilibria,
Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1977, 28, 1, 445, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pc.28.100177.002305
. [all data]
Staley and Beauchamp, 1975
Staley, R.H.; Beauchamp, J.L.,
Intrinsic Acid - Base Properties of Molecules. Binding Energies of Li+ to pi - and n - Donor Bases,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 20, 5920, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a050
. [all data]
Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P.,
Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n,
J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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