Ethyl Chloride
- Formula: C2H5Cl
- Molecular weight: 64.514
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 75-00-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Ethane, chloro-; Aethylis; Aethylis chloridum; Anodynon; Chelen; Chlorene; Chlorethyl; Chloridum; Chloroethane; Chloryl; Chloryl anesthetic; Cloretilo; Dublofix; Ether chloratus; Ether hydrochloric; Ether muriatic; Hydrochloric ether; Kelene; Monochlorethane; Monochloroethane; Muriatic ether; Narcotile; C2H5Cl; Aethylchlorid; Chloorethaan; Chloroaethan; Chlorure D'ethyle; Cloroetano; Cloruro di etile; Etylu chlorek; NCI-C06224; UN 1037; Chloryle anesthetic
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Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: Cl- + C2H5Cl = (Cl- • C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 51.9 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Li, Ross, et al., 1996 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 61. ± 19. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Riveros, Breda, et al., 1973 | gas phase; Anchored: Larson and McMahon, 1984; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 28.5 ± 0.84 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Li, Ross, et al., 1996 | gas phase; B |
By formula: C2H5Cl = C2H4 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 92.0 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 71.5 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 72.6 ± 2.1 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1955 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 71.5 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: (C2H5+ • 2C2H5Cl) + C2H5Cl = (C2H5+ • 3C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 20. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Luczynski and Wincel, 1974 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 32. | J/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski and Wincel, 1974 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (C2H5+ • C2H5Cl) + C2H5Cl = (C2H5+ • 2C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Luczynski and Wincel, 1974 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 36. | J/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski and Wincel, 1974 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: Br- + C2H5Cl = (Br- • C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 46.9 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Li, Ross, et al., 1996 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 22.4 ± 0.84 | kJ/mol | TDAs | Li, Ross, et al., 1996 | gas phase; B |
By formula: CH3+ + C2H5Cl = (CH3+ • C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 300. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; from Et+ + CH3Cl; Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Rosenstock, Buff, et al., 1982; Sen Sharma and Kebarle, 1978; M |
By formula: C4H9+ + C2H5Cl = (C4H9+ • C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 38. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 68.2 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: H2 + C2H5Cl = C2H6 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -69.3 ± 0.4 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Emery, et al., 1956 | gas phase; ALS |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C2H5Cl+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 10.98 ± 0.02 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 693.4 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 666.9 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Proton affinity at 298K
Proton affinity (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
679.5 ± 1.4 | Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001 | T = 300K; MM |
Gas basicity at 298K
Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
655.6 ± 1.4 | Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001 | T = 300K; MM |
Protonation entropy at 298K
Protonation entropy (J/mol*K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
28.5 | Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001 | T = 300K; MM |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.95 | EST | Luo and Pacey, 1992 | LL |
11.04 ± 0.05 | EI | Holmes and Lossing, 1991 | LL |
11.0 | PE | Ohno, Imai, et al., 1983 | LBLHLM |
10.98 ± 0.02 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
10.98 ± 0.01 | PI | Matsunaga, 1961 | RDSH |
10.97 ± 0.02 | PI | Watanabe, 1957 | RDSH |
11.06 | PE | Ohno, Imai, et al., 1985 | Vertical value; LBLHLM |
11.01 | PE | Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1980 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.01 | PE | Hoppilliard and Solgadi, 1980 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.06 ± 0.02 | PE | Katsumata and Kimura, 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.01 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1973 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CH2Cl+ | 13.2 ± 0.2 | CH3 | EI | Harrison and Shannon, 1962 | RDSH |
CH2Cl+ | 13.6 ± 0.2 | CH3 | EI | Irsa, 1957 | RDSH |
CH3+ | 15.9 ± 0.3 | ? | EI | Irsa, 1957 | RDSH |
C2H4+ | 11.38 ± 0.02 | HCl | EI | Maccoll and Mathur, 1980 | LLK |
C2H4+ | 11.33 | HCl | EI | Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1966 | RDSH |
C2H5+ | 11.67 | Cl | PI | Traeger and McLoughlin, 1981 | LLK |
C2H5+ | 11.83 ± 0.06 | Cl | EI | Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1966 | RDSH |
Cl+ | 23.4 ± 0.3 | ? | EI | Irsa, 1957 | RDSH |
Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi
Symmetry: Cs Symmetry Number σ = 1
Sym. | No | Approximate | Selected Freq. | Infrared | Raman | Comments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | type of mode | Value | Rating | Value | Phase | Value | Phase | |||
a' | 1 | CH2 s-str | 2967 | D | 2977 M | sln. | 2967 M p | liq. | ||
a' | 2 | CH3 d-str | 2946 | C | 2946 S | gas | 2934 M p | liq. | ||
a' | 3 | CH3 s-str | 2881 | C | 2881 S | gas | 2883 W p | liq. | ||
a' | 4 | CH3 d-deform | 1463 | D | 1463 S | sln. | ||||
a' | 5 | CH2 scis | 1448 | D | 1448 S | gas | 1453 M dp | liq. | OV(ν14) | |
a' | 6 | CH3 s-deform | 1385 | C | 1385 S | gas | 1383 W dp | liq. | ||
a' | 7 | CH2 wag | 1289 | C | 1289 VS | gas | 1283 W p | liq. | ||
a' | 8 | CH3 rock | 1081 | D | 1081 VW | gas | 1072 M p | liq. | ||
a' | 9 | CC str | 974 | D | 974 VS | gas | 969 W dp | liq. | OV(ν16) | |
a' | 10 | CCl str | 677 | C | 677 VS | gas | 659 VS p | liq. | ||
a' | 11 | CCCl deform | 336 | C | 336 M | gas | 337 S p | liq. | ||
a | 12 | CH2 a-str | 3014 | D | 3014 VS | gas | 3013 W | liq. | ||
a | 13 | CH3 d-str | 2986 | D | 2986 VS | gas | 2978 W | liq. | ||
a | 14 | CH3 d-deform | 1448 | D | 1448 S | gas | 1453 M dp | liq. | OV(ν5) | |
a | 15 | CH2 twist | 1251 | D | 1251 VW | gas | 1248 W dp | liq. | ||
a | 16 | CH3 rock | 974 | D | 974 VS | gas | 969 W dp | liq. | OV(ν9) | |
a | 17 | CH2 rock | 786 | B | 786 M | gas | ||||
a | 18 | Torsion | 251 | B | 251 W | gas | MW: ν251 | |||
Source: Shimanouchi, 1972
Notes
VS | Very strong |
S | Strong |
M | Medium |
W | Weak |
VW | Very weak |
p | Polarized |
dp | Depolarized |
OV | Overlapped by band indicated in parentheses. |
MW | Torsional Frequency calculated from microwave spectroscopic data. |
B | 1~3 cm-1 uncertainty |
C | 3~6 cm-1 uncertainty |
D | 6~15 cm-1 uncertainty |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-1 | 50. | 441. | Villalobos, 1995 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.96 μm |
Packed | OV-1 | 100. | 431. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | OV-1 | 125. | 431. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | OV-1 | 75. | 431. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | Squalane | 80. | 416. | Pacáková, Vojtechová, et al., 1988 | N2, Chezasorb AW-HMDS; Column length: 1.2 m |
Packed | Squalane | 27. | 414. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 49. | 415. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 67. | 416. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 86. | 417. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Apiezon L | 130. | 427. | von Kováts, 1958 | Celite (40:60 Gewichtsverhaltnis) |
Packed | Apiezon L | 70. | 432. | von Kováts, 1958 | Celite (40:60 Gewichtsverhaltnis) |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 50. | 668. | Villalobos, 1995 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.54 μm, He |
Packed | SP-1000 | 100. | 661.08 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SP-1000 | 125. | 661.45 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SP-1000 | 75. | 661.48 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 423.96 | White, Douglas, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 424.09 | White, Douglas, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 424. | White, Hackett, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 455. | Kavan, 1973 | Column length: 3.2 m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 430. | Zenkevich, 2005 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | BP-1 | 434. | Health Safety Executive, 2000 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 446. | Huang, Liang, et al., 1996 | 36. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 432. | Dimov and Milina, 1989 | H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 280. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxanes | 430. | Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2006 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 430. | Zenkevich, 1999 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 430. | Zenkevich, 1998 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 426. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxanes | 430. | Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxanes | 432. | Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 426. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 447. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1 | 447. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 668. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Li, Ross, et al., 1996
Li, C.; Ross, P.; Szulejko, J.; McMahon, T.B.,
High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Investigations of the Potential Energy Surfaces of Gas-Phase Sn2 Reactions.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 39, 9360, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960565o
. [all data]
Riveros, Breda, et al., 1973
Riveros, J.M.; Breda, A.C.; Blair, L.K.,
Formation and relative stability of chloride ion clusters in the gas phase by ICR spectroscopy,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 4066. [all data]
Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria,
J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 1083. [all data]
Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979
Levanova, s.V.; Bushneva, I.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.; Aprelkin, A.S.,
Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions,
J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1979, 52, 1439-1442. [all data]
Howlett, 1955
Howlett, K.E.,
The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part II,
J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1784-17. [all data]
Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953
Lane, M.R.; Linnett, J.W.; Oswin, H.G.,
A study of the C2H4+HCl=C2H5Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria,
Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1953, 216, 361-374. [all data]
Luczynski and Wincel, 1974
Luczynski, Z.; Wincel, H.,
Ion - Molecule Reactions in Ethyl Chloride,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 14, 1, 29, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(74)80059-8
. [all data]
Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985
Sharma, D.M.S.; Meza de Hojer, S.; Kebarle, P.,
Stabilities of halonium ions from a study of gas-phase equilibria R+ + XR' = (RXR')+,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 13, 3757, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00299a002
. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds
in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]
Rosenstock, Buff, et al., 1982
Rosenstock, H.M.; Buff, R.; Ferreira, M.A.A.; Lias, S.G.; Parr, A.C.; Stockbauer, R.L.; Holmes, J.L.,
Fragmentation mechanism and energetics of some alkyl halide ions,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 2337. [all data]
Sen Sharma and Kebarle, 1978
Sen Sharma, D.K.; Kebarle, P.,
Binding Energies and Stabilities of Chloronium Ions from Study of the Gas - Phase Equilibria: R1+ + ClR2 = R1ClR2+,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 18, 5826, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00486a039
. [all data]
Lacher, Emery, et al., 1956
Lacher, J.R.; Emery, E.; Bohmfalk, E.; Park, J.D.,
Reaction heats of organic compounds. IV. A high temperature calorimeter and the hydrogenation of methyl ethyl and vinyl chlorides,
J. Phys. Chem., 1956, 60, 492-495. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001
Bouchoux, G.; Caunan, F.; Leblanc, D.; Nguyen, M.T.; Salpin, J.Y.,
Protonation thermochemistry of ethyl halides,
Chem Phys. Phys. Chem., 2001, 10, 604-610. [all data]
Luo and Pacey, 1992
Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D.,
Effects of alkyl substitution on ionization energies of alkanes and haloalkanes and on heats of formation of their molecular cations. Part 2. Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. [all data]
Holmes and Lossing, 1991
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P.,
Ionization energies of homologous organic compounds and correlation with molecular size,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1991, 26, 537. [all data]
Ohno, Imai, et al., 1983
Ohno, K.; Imai, K.; Matsumoto, S.; Harada, Y.,
Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of C2H5X (X = NH2, OH, H, Cl, I) relative reactivity of orbital localizing on functional groups upon electrophilic attack by metastable helium atoms,
J. Phys. Chem., 1983, 87, 4346. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Matsunaga, 1961
Matsunaga, F.M.,
Photoionization yield of several molecules in the Schumann region,
Contribution No. 27, Hawaii Institute of, 1961, Geophysics, Honolulu. [all data]
Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
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Ohno, Imai, et al., 1985
Ohno, K.; Imai, K.; Harada, Y.,
Variations in reactivity of lone-pair electrons due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding as observed by penning ionization electron spectroscopy,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 8078. [all data]
Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1980
Utsunomiya, C.; Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S.,
Photoelectron angular distribution measurements for some aliphatic alcohols, amines, halides,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1980, 53, 1216. [all data]
Hoppilliard and Solgadi, 1980
Hoppilliard, Y.; Solgadi, D.,
Conformational analysis of 2-haloethanols and 2-methoxyethylhalides in a photoelectron spectrometer,
Tetrahedron, 1980, 36, 377. [all data]
Katsumata and Kimura, 1975
Katsumata, S.; Kimura, K.,
Photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration. Effect of chlorine substitution on ionization energies for chloroethanes, chloroacetaldehydes and chloroacetyl chlorides,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 309. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1973
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Matsumoto, H.; Nagakura, S.,
Photoelectron spectra and orbital structures of higher alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides.,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 373. [all data]
Harrison and Shannon, 1962
Harrison, A.G.; Shannon, T.W.,
An electron impact study of chloromethyl and dichloromethyl derivatives,
Can. J. Chem., 1962, 40, 1730. [all data]
Irsa, 1957
Irsa, A.P.,
Electron impact studies on C2H5Cl, C2H5Br, and C2H5I,
J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 18. [all data]
Maccoll and Mathur, 1980
Maccoll, A.; Mathur, D.,
Hydrogen chloride elimination from the molecular ions of alkyl chlorides,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1980, 15, 483. [all data]
Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1966
Baldwin, M.; Maccoll, A.; Miller, S.I.,
Ionization and appearance potentials from a study of alkyl chlorides,
Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1966, 3, 259. [all data]
Traeger and McLoughlin, 1981
Traeger, J.C.; McLoughlin, R.G.,
Absolute heats of formation for gas phase cations,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 3647. [all data]
Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T.,
Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]
Villalobos, 1995
Villalobos, R.,
A window diagram for key component analysis in on-line gas chromatography,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 6, 343-347, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180604
. [all data]
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Notes
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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