Ethyl Chloride
- Formula: C2H5Cl
- Molecular weight: 64.514
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 75-00-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Ethane, chloro-; Aethylis; Aethylis chloridum; Anodynon; Chelen; Chlorene; Chlorethyl; Chloridum; Chloroethane; Chloryl; Chloryl anesthetic; Cloretilo; Dublofix; Ether chloratus; Ether hydrochloric; Ether muriatic; Hydrochloric ether; Kelene; Monochlorethane; Monochloroethane; Muriatic ether; Narcotile; C2H5Cl; Aethylchlorid; Chloorethaan; Chloroaethan; Chlorure D'ethyle; Cloroetano; Cloruro di etile; Etylu chlorek; NCI-C06224; UN 1037; Chloryle anesthetic
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -137. ± 1. | kJ/mol | Review | Manion, 2002 | derived from recommended ΔfHgas° and ΔvapH°; DRB |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°liquid | 186.27 | J/mol*K | N/A | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
103.3 | 290. | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | T = 13 to 287 K.; DH |
109.6 | 288. | Kurbatov, 1948 | T = -67 to 15°C; mean Cp, three temperatures.; DH |
108.8 | 298. | Riedel, 1941 | T = -48 to 45°C.; DH |
108.8 | 298.1 | Riedel, 1940 | T = -48 to 46°C.; DH |
107.70 | 298. | Jenkin and Shorthose, 1924 | T = -30 to 40°C.; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 289. ± 10. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 8 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 136.75 | K | N/A | Timmermans, 1952 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC |
Tfus | 133. | K | N/A | Awbery, 1941 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC |
Tfus | 137. | K | N/A | Timmermans and Hennaut-Roland, 1937 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC |
Tfus | 132.3 | K | N/A | Timmermans, 1911 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 134.82 | K | N/A | Gordon and Giauque, 1948, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 460.35 | K | N/A | Berthoud, 1917 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 52.4053 | bar | N/A | Berthoud, 1917 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4053 bar; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 24.6 ± 0.3 | kJ/mol | Review | Manion, 2002 | weighted average of several measurements plus a correction for non-ideality; DRB |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
24.652 | 285.42 | N/A | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | P = 101.325 kPa; DH |
25.1 | 300. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 285. to 344. K.; AC |
24.4 | 349. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 334. to 413. K.; AC |
24.4 | 418. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 403. to 460. K.; AC |
27.8 | 222. | A,E | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 207. to 305. K. See also Li and Rossini, 1961 and Dykyj, 1970.; AC |
25.9 | 270. | N/A | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | Based on data from 218. to 285. K.; AC |
24.83 | 294. | C | Yates, 1926 | ALS |
Entropy of vaporization
ΔvapS (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
86.37 | 285.42 | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | P; DH |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
217.21 to 285.66 | 4.16181 | 1052.821 | -32.078 | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
4.452 | 134.82 | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | DH |
4.45 | 134.8 | Acree, 1991 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
33.02 | 134.82 | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | DH |
Henry's Law data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Rolf Sander
Henry's Law constant (water solution)
kH(T) = k°H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)
k°H (mol/(kg*bar)) | d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.084 | 2900. | L | N/A | |
0.14 | Q | N/A | missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species. Value at T = 293. K. | |
0.080 | 2600. | X | N/A | |
0.089 | 3100. | M | Gossett, 1987 | |
0.068 | 750. | X | N/A | |
0.51 | L | N/A | ||
0.088 | V | N/A | ||
0.12 | V | N/A |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C2H5Cl+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 10.98 ± 0.02 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 693.4 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 666.9 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Proton affinity at 298K
Proton affinity (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
679.5 ± 1.4 | Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001 | T = 300K; MM |
Gas basicity at 298K
Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
655.6 ± 1.4 | Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001 | T = 300K; MM |
Protonation entropy at 298K
Protonation entropy (J/mol*K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|
28.5 | Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001 | T = 300K; MM |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.95 | EST | Luo and Pacey, 1992 | LL |
11.04 ± 0.05 | EI | Holmes and Lossing, 1991 | LL |
11.0 | PE | Ohno, Imai, et al., 1983 | LBLHLM |
10.98 ± 0.02 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
10.98 ± 0.01 | PI | Matsunaga, 1961 | RDSH |
10.97 ± 0.02 | PI | Watanabe, 1957 | RDSH |
11.06 | PE | Ohno, Imai, et al., 1985 | Vertical value; LBLHLM |
11.01 | PE | Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1980 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.01 | PE | Hoppilliard and Solgadi, 1980 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.06 ± 0.02 | PE | Katsumata and Kimura, 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
11.01 | PE | Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1973 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CH2Cl+ | 13.2 ± 0.2 | CH3 | EI | Harrison and Shannon, 1962 | RDSH |
CH2Cl+ | 13.6 ± 0.2 | CH3 | EI | Irsa, 1957 | RDSH |
CH3+ | 15.9 ± 0.3 | ? | EI | Irsa, 1957 | RDSH |
C2H4+ | 11.38 ± 0.02 | HCl | EI | Maccoll and Mathur, 1980 | LLK |
C2H4+ | 11.33 | HCl | EI | Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1966 | RDSH |
C2H5+ | 11.67 | Cl | PI | Traeger and McLoughlin, 1981 | LLK |
C2H5+ | 11.83 ± 0.06 | Cl | EI | Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1966 | RDSH |
Cl+ | 23.4 ± 0.3 | ? | EI | Irsa, 1957 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A.,
Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703
. [all data]
Gordon and Giauque, 1948
Gordon, J.; Giauque, W.F.,
The entropy of ethyl chloride. Heat capacity from 18 to 287K. Vapor pressure. Heats of fusion and vaporization,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70, 1506-1510. [all data]
Kurbatov, 1948
Kurbatov, V.Ya.,
Heat capacity of liquids. 2. Heat capacity and the temperature dependence of heat capacity from halogen derivatives of acylic hydrocarbons,
Zh. Obshch. Kim., 1948, 18, 372-389. [all data]
Riedel, 1941
Riedel, L.,
Determination of the specific heat of liquid ethyl chloride and liquid methylene chloride, Bull. Int. Inst.,
Refrig. Annex 22, 1941, No4, 1-3. [all data]
Riedel, 1940
Riedel, L.,
Bestimmung der spezifischen Wärme von Äthychlorid und Methylenchlorid im flüssigen Zustand,
Z. ges. Kalte-Ind., 1940, 47, 87. [all data]
Jenkin and Shorthose, 1924
Jenkin, C.F.; Shorthose, D.N.,
Thermal properties of ethyl chloride, 1924, 347-349. [all data]
Timmermans, 1952
Timmermans, J.,
Freezing points of organic compounds. VVI New determinations.,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1952, 61, 393. [all data]
Awbery, 1941
Awbery, J.H.,
Philos. Mag., 1941, 31, 247. [all data]
Timmermans and Hennaut-Roland, 1937
Timmermans, J.; Hennaut-Roland, M.,
Works from International Bureau at Physical-Chemical Standards. VIII. Physical constants of 20 organic compounds,
J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1937, 34, 693. [all data]
Timmermans, 1911
Timmermans, J.,
Researches on the freezing point of organic liquid compounds,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1911, 25, 300. [all data]
Gordon and Giauque, 1948, 2
Gordon, J.; Giauque, W.F.,
The Entropy of Ethyl Chloride. Heat Capacity from 13 to 287 K. Vapor Pressure. Heats of Fusion and Vaporization,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70, 1506. [all data]
Berthoud, 1917
Berthoud, A.,
Determination of Critical Temperatures and Pressures of Amines and Alkyl Chlorides,
J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1917, 15, 3. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Li and Rossini, 1961
Li, J.C.M.; Rossini, F.D.,
Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of the l-Fluoroalkanes, l-Chloroalkanes, l-Bromoalkanes, and l-Iodoalkanes, C 1 to C 20 .,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1961, 6, 2, 268-270, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60010a025
. [all data]
Dykyj, 1970
Dykyj, J.,
Petrochemica, 1970, 10, 2, 51. [all data]
Yates, 1926
Yates, G.W.C.,
LXXIV. Latent heats of vaporization of ethyl and methyl chlorides,
Philos. Mag., 1926, 2, 817-826. [all data]
Acree, 1991
Acree, William E.,
Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation,
Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H
. [all data]
Gossett, 1987
Gossett, J.M.,
Measurement of Henry's Law Constants for C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 1987, 21, 202-208. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001
Bouchoux, G.; Caunan, F.; Leblanc, D.; Nguyen, M.T.; Salpin, J.Y.,
Protonation thermochemistry of ethyl halides,
Chem Phys. Phys. Chem., 2001, 10, 604-610. [all data]
Luo and Pacey, 1992
Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D.,
Effects of alkyl substitution on ionization energies of alkanes and haloalkanes and on heats of formation of their molecular cations. Part 2. Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. [all data]
Holmes and Lossing, 1991
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P.,
Ionization energies of homologous organic compounds and correlation with molecular size,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1991, 26, 537. [all data]
Ohno, Imai, et al., 1983
Ohno, K.; Imai, K.; Matsumoto, S.; Harada, Y.,
Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of C2H5X (X = NH2, OH, H, Cl, I) relative reactivity of orbital localizing on functional groups upon electrophilic attack by metastable helium atoms,
J. Phys. Chem., 1983, 87, 4346. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Matsunaga, 1961
Matsunaga, F.M.,
Photoionization yield of several molecules in the Schumann region,
Contribution No. 27, Hawaii Institute of, 1961, Geophysics, Honolulu. [all data]
Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]
Ohno, Imai, et al., 1985
Ohno, K.; Imai, K.; Harada, Y.,
Variations in reactivity of lone-pair electrons due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding as observed by penning ionization electron spectroscopy,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 8078. [all data]
Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1980
Utsunomiya, C.; Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S.,
Photoelectron angular distribution measurements for some aliphatic alcohols, amines, halides,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1980, 53, 1216. [all data]
Hoppilliard and Solgadi, 1980
Hoppilliard, Y.; Solgadi, D.,
Conformational analysis of 2-haloethanols and 2-methoxyethylhalides in a photoelectron spectrometer,
Tetrahedron, 1980, 36, 377. [all data]
Katsumata and Kimura, 1975
Katsumata, S.; Kimura, K.,
Photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration. Effect of chlorine substitution on ionization energies for chloroethanes, chloroacetaldehydes and chloroacetyl chlorides,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 309. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1973
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Matsumoto, H.; Nagakura, S.,
Photoelectron spectra and orbital structures of higher alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides.,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 373. [all data]
Harrison and Shannon, 1962
Harrison, A.G.; Shannon, T.W.,
An electron impact study of chloromethyl and dichloromethyl derivatives,
Can. J. Chem., 1962, 40, 1730. [all data]
Irsa, 1957
Irsa, A.P.,
Electron impact studies on C2H5Cl, C2H5Br, and C2H5I,
J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 18. [all data]
Maccoll and Mathur, 1980
Maccoll, A.; Mathur, D.,
Hydrogen chloride elimination from the molecular ions of alkyl chlorides,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1980, 15, 483. [all data]
Baldwin, Maccoll, et al., 1966
Baldwin, M.; Maccoll, A.; Miller, S.I.,
Ionization and appearance potentials from a study of alkyl chlorides,
Advan. Mass Spectrom., 1966, 3, 259. [all data]
Traeger and McLoughlin, 1981
Traeger, J.C.; McLoughlin, R.G.,
Absolute heats of formation for gas phase cations,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 3647. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant k°H Henry's Law constant at 298.15K ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ΔvapS Entropy of vaporization - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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