Ethyl bromide

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil311.5 ± 0.4KAVGN/AAverage of 15 out of 16 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus155. ± 2.KAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc503.8KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Tc503.95KN/AHerz and Neukirch, 1923Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc62.3149barN/AHerz and Neukirch, 1923Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.8106 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc4.65mol/lN/AHerz and Neukirch, 1923Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 mol/l; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap28.26kJ/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap28. ± 1.kJ/molVLane, Linnett, et al., 1953Heat of formation derived by Cox and Pilcher, 1970; ALS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
27.04311.6N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
26.9349.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 334. to 504. K.; AC
26.6341.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 326. to 454. K.; AC
31.0467.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 452. to 503. K.; AC
30.6240.EStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 225. to 333. K. See also Li and Rossini, 1961 and Dykyj, 1970.; AC
27.6 ± 0.1305.CSvoboda, Majer, et al., 1977AC
27.0 ± 0.1312.CSvoboda, Majer, et al., 1977AC
26.2 ± 0.1323.CSvoboda, Majer, et al., 1977AC
27.9316.N/AZmaczynski, 1930Based on data from 301. to 348. K. See also Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kJ/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
305. to 323.49.380.3807503.8Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
301.29 to 348.514.112411121.371-38.478Zmaczynski, 1930, 2Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C2H5Br+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)10.29 ± 0.01eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)696.2kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity669.7kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kJ/mol) Reference Comment
684.3 ± 1.6Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001T = 300K; MM

Gas basicity at 298K

Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) Reference Comment
660.5 ± 1.6Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001T = 300K; MM

Protonation entropy at 298K

Protonation entropy (J/mol*K) Reference Comment
29.2Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001T = 300K; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.31ESTLuo and Pacey, 1992LL
10.2PEOhno, Imai, et al., 1985LBLHLM
10.30PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
10.24 ± 0.03EIJohnstone, Mellon, et al., 1970RDSH
10.30 ± 0.015PEHashmall and Heilbronner, 1970RDSH
10.29 ± 0.01PIWatanabe, 1957RDSH
10.29 ± 0.02SPrice, 1936RDSH
10.30PEOhno, Imai, et al., 1985Vertical value; LBLHLM
10.30PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981Vertical value; LLK
10.29PEUtsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1980Vertical value; LLK
10.28PEHoppilliard and Solgadi, 1980Vertical value; LLK
10.28PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1973Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
Br+18.6 ± 0.3?EIIrsa, 1957RDSH
CH2Br+14.1 ± 0.1CH3EIIrsa, 1957RDSH
CH3+16.9 ± 0.3?EIIrsa, 1957RDSH
C2H5+11.21 ± 0.05BrPIPECOMiller and Baer, 1984T = 0K; LBLHLM
C2H5+11.05 ± 0.01BrPITraeger and McLoughlin, 1981T = 298K; LLK
C2H5+11.14BrPITraeger and McLoughlin, 1981T = 0K; LLK
C2H5+10.72 ± 0.08BrEIJohnstone and Mellon, 1972LLK
C2H5+11.15BrEIGrutzmacher, 1970RDSH

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Bromine anion + Ethyl bromide = (Bromine anion • Ethyl bromide)

By formula: Br- + C2H5Br = (Br- • C2H5Br)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.2 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsLi, Ross, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr48.53kJ/molTDAsDougherty, 1974gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr80.3J/mol*KHPMSDougherty, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.7 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsLi, Ross, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Δr24.7kJ/molTDAsDougherty, 1974gas phase; B

Chlorine anion + Ethyl bromide = (Chlorine anion • Ethyl bromide)

By formula: Cl- + C2H5Br = (Cl- • C2H5Br)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr56.9 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsLi, Ross, et al., 1996gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr29.0 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsLi, Ross, et al., 1996gas phase; B

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   Cs     Symmetry Number σ = 1


 Sym.   No   Approximate   Selected Freq.  Infrared   Raman   Comments 
 Species   type of mode   Value   Rating   Value  Phase  Value  Phase

a' 1 CH3 d-str 2988  C 2988 S gas 2971 p liq. OV13)
a' 2 CH2 s-str 2937  B 2936.5 S gas 2924 p liq.
a' 3 CH3 s-str 2880  B 2879.8 S gas
a' 4 CH2 scis 1451  D 1451 M gas 1442 dp liq. OV514)
a' 5 CH3 d-deform 1451  D 1451 M gas 1442 dp liq. OV414)
a' 6 CH3 s-deform 1386  B 1386 M gas
a' 7 CH2 wag 1252  E 1258 VS gas 1248 p liq. FR911)
a' 7 CH2 wag 1252  E 1247 VS gas 1248 p liq. FR911)
a' 8 CH3 rock 1061  D 1061 VW gas 1069 p liq.
a' 9 CC str 964  B 964 S gas 960 dp liq. OV15)
a' 10 CBr str 583  B 583 VS gas 560 p liq.
a' 11 CCBr deform 290  B 290 S gas 292 p liq.
a 12 CH2 a-str 3018  B 3018 S gas
a 13 CH3 d-str 2988  C 2988 S gas 2971 p liq. OV1)
a 14 CH3 d-deform 1451  D 1451 M gas 1442 dp liq. OV45)
a 15 CH2 twist 1248  E CF
a 16 CH3 rock 964  D 964 S gas 960 dp liq. OV9)
a 17 CH2 rock 770  B 770 M gas
a 18 Torsion 247  C 247 gas MW: ν247

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

VSVery strong
SStrong
MMedium
VWVery weak
pPolarized
dpDepolarized
FRFermi resonance with an overtone or a combination tone indicated in the parentheses.
CFCalculated frequency
OVOverlapped by band indicated in parentheses.
MWTorsional Frequency calculated from microwave spectroscopic data.
B1~3 cm-1 uncertainty
C3~6 cm-1 uncertainty
D6~15 cm-1 uncertainty
E15~30 cm-1 uncertainty

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Herz and Neukirch, 1923
Herz, W.; Neukirch, E., On Knowldge of the Critical State, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1923, 104, 433-50. [all data]

Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953
Lane, M.R.; Linnett, J.W.; Oswin, H.G., A study of the C2H4+HCl=C2H5Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1953, 216, 361-374. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Li and Rossini, 1961
Li, J.C.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of the l-Fluoroalkanes, l-Chloroalkanes, l-Bromoalkanes, and l-Iodoalkanes, C 1 to C 20 ., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1961, 6, 2, 268-270, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60010a025 . [all data]

Dykyj, 1970
Dykyj, J., Petrochemica, 1970, 10, 2, 51. [all data]

Svoboda, Majer, et al., 1977
Svoboda, V.; Majer, V.; Veselý, F.; Pick, J., Heats of vaporization of alkyl bromides, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1977, 42, 6, 1755-1760, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19771755 . [all data]

Zmaczynski, 1930
Zmaczynski, M.A., J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1930, 27, 503. [all data]

Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]

Zmaczynski, 1930, 2
Zmaczynski, M.A., Recherches Ebullioscopiques et Tonometriques Comparatives de 8 Substances Organiques Etalons, J. Chim. Phys. Phys. Chim. Biol., 1930, 27, 503-517. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Bouchoux, Caunan, et al., 2001
Bouchoux, G.; Caunan, F.; Leblanc, D.; Nguyen, M.T.; Salpin, J.Y., Protonation thermochemistry of ethyl halides, Chem Phys. Phys. Chem., 2001, 10, 604-610. [all data]

Luo and Pacey, 1992
Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D., Effects of alkyl substitution on ionization energies of alkanes and haloalkanes and on heats of formation of their molecular cations. Part 2. Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. [all data]

Ohno, Imai, et al., 1985
Ohno, K.; Imai, K.; Harada, Y., Variations in reactivity of lone-pair electrons due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding as observed by penning ionization electron spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 8078. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Johnstone, Mellon, et al., 1970
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A.; Ward, S.D., Online acquisition of ionization efficiency data, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1970, 5, 241. [all data]

Hashmall and Heilbronner, 1970
Hashmall, J.A.; Heilbronner, E., n-Ionization potentials of alkyl bromides, Angew. Chem. Intern. Ed., 1970, 9, 305. [all data]

Watanabe, 1957
Watanabe, K., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 542. [all data]

Price, 1936
Price, W.C., The far ultraviolet absorption spectra and ionization potentials of the alkyl halides. Part II, J. Chem. Phys., 1936, 4, 547. [all data]

Utsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1980
Utsunomiya, C.; Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron angular distribution measurements for some aliphatic alcohols, amines, halides, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1980, 53, 1216. [all data]

Hoppilliard and Solgadi, 1980
Hoppilliard, Y.; Solgadi, D., Conformational analysis of 2-haloethanols and 2-methoxyethylhalides in a photoelectron spectrometer, Tetrahedron, 1980, 36, 377. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1973
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Matsumoto, H.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra and orbital structures of higher alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 373. [all data]

Irsa, 1957
Irsa, A.P., Electron impact studies on C2H5Cl, C2H5Br, and C2H5I, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 18. [all data]

Miller and Baer, 1984
Miller, B.E.; Baer, T., Kinetic energy release distribution in the fragmentation of energy-selected vinyl and ethyl bromide ions, Chem. Phys., 1984, 85, 39. [all data]

Traeger and McLoughlin, 1981
Traeger, J.C.; McLoughlin, R.G., Absolute heats of formation for gas phase cations, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 3647. [all data]

Johnstone and Mellon, 1972
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A., Electron-impact ionization and appearance potentials, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 1209. [all data]

Grutzmacher, 1970
Grutzmacher, H.-F., Zum Mechanismus massenspektrometrischer Fragmentierungsreaktionen-IV: zur Bildung von Phenonium-Ionen bei der Elektronenstoss-Fragmentierung von -Phenylathylbromiden, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1970, 3, 131. [all data]

Li, Ross, et al., 1996
Li, C.; Ross, P.; Szulejko, J.; McMahon, T.B., High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Investigations of the Potential Energy Surfaces of Gas-Phase Sn2 Reactions., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 39, 9360, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960565o . [all data]

Dougherty, 1974
Dougherty, R.C., SN2 reactions in the gas phase. Alkyl group structural effects, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 85. [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References