Ethylene

Formula: C₂H₄
Molecular weight: 28.0532
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 74-85-1
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- (Z)-Ethylene-1,2-d2
Other names: Ethene; Acetene; Bicarburretted hydrogen; Elayl; Olefiant gas; C2H4; Athylen; Liquid ethyene; UN 1038; UN 1962
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Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Phase change data
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 54
- Henry's Law data
- IR Spectrum
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- UV/Visible spectrum
- Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
- Gas Chromatography
- Fluid Properties
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	52.47	kJ/mol	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in September, 1965
Δ_fH°_gas	52.4 ± 0.5	kJ/mol	Review	Manion, 2002	adopted recommendation of Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1991; DRB
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_gas	-1411.20 ± 0.30	kJ/mol	Cm	Rossini and Knowlton, 1937	Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -1410.97 ± 0.30 kJ/mol; Corresponding Δ_fHº_gas = 52.52 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{gas,1 bar}	219.32	J/mol*K	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in September, 1965

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
33.26	50.	Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997	p=1 bar. Recommended entropies and heat capacities are in good agreement with those obtained from other statistical thermodynamics calculations [ Chao J., 1975, Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989] as well as with ab initio value of S(298.15 K)=219.14 J/mol*K [ East A.L.L., 1997].; GT
33.27	100.
33.66	150.
35.37	200.
40.60	273.15
42.90	298.15
43.08	300.
53.06	400.
62.48	500.
70.66	600.
77.70	700.
83.82	800.
89.18	900.
93.88	1000.
98.00	1100.
101.61	1200.
104.76	1300.
107.53	1400.
109.96	1500.
114.81	1750.
118.37	2000.
121.03	2250.
123.06	2500.
124.62	2750.
125.86	3000.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
34.66 ± 0.26	178.15	Burcik E.J., 1941	Other experimental values of heat capacity [ Haas M.E., 1932] are less accurate, see [ Chao J., 1975]. Please also see Eucken A., 1933.; GT
35.30 ± 0.26	192.35
36.29 ± 0.27	210.40
37.55 ± 0.28	230.90
39.02 ± 0.29	250.60
40.75 ± 0.02	270.7
41.02 ± 0.31	271.80
42.84 ± 0.32	293.45
43.47 ± 0.17	300.0
45.98 ± 0.04	320.7
49.74 ± 0.37	367.7
59.25 ± 0.44	463.6

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K)	298. to 1200.	1200. to 6000.
A	-6.387880	106.5104
B	184.4019	13.73260
C	-112.9718	-2.628481
D	28.49593	0.174595
E	0.315540	-26.14469
F	48.17332	-35.36237
G	163.1568	275.0424
H	52.46694	52.46694
Reference	Chase, 1998	Chase, 1998
Comment	Data last reviewed in September, 1965	Data last reviewed in September, 1965

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	117.8	J/mol*K	N/A	Chao, Hall, et al., 1983

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
67.4	170.	Chao, Hall, et al., 1983	T = 16 to 169 K.
67.24	170.	Egan and Kemp, 1937	T = 15 to 170 K.

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₂H₄⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	10.5138 ± 0.0006	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	680.5	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	651.5	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_{(+) ion}	1067. ± 0.8	kJ/mol	N/A	N/A
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH_{(+) ion,0K}	1080.	kJ/mol	N/A	N/A

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.51	CI	Ohno, Okamura, et al., 1995	LL
10.5138 ± 0.0006	LS	Williams and Cool, 1991	LL
10.51 ± 0.015	EI	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
10.509 ± 0.005	EVAL	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
10.51	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	LLK
10.50 ± 0.02	PI	Wood and Taylor, 1979	LLK
10.514 ± 0.007	PE	Carlier and Botter, 1979	LLK
10.51	PE	Sell, Mintz, et al., 1978	LLK
10.51 ± 0.02	PE	Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977	LLK
~10.5	EI	Van Veen, 1976	LLK
10.517 ± 0.002	TE	Stockbauer and Inghram, 1975	LLK
10.517 ± 0.003	TE	Stockbauer and Inghram, 1975, 2	LLK
10.51	PI	Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974	LLK
10.5	EI	Maeda, Suzuki, et al., 1974	LLK
10.507 ± 0.004	PI	Knowles and Nicholson, 1974	LLK
10.51 ± 0.01	EI	Gordon, Krige, et al., 1974	LLK
10.515 ± 0.003	PE	Masclet, Grosjean, et al., 1973	LLK
10.51	PE	Beez, Bieri, et al., 1973	LLK
10.51	PE	Mason, Kuppermann, et al., 1972	LLK
10.51	PE	Brundle, Robin, et al., 1972	LLK
10.56	PE	Frost and Sandhu, 1971	LLK
10.51 ± 0.02	PE	Branton, Frost, et al., 1970	RDSH
10.51 ± 0.05	PE	Eland, 1969	RDSH
10.50 ± 0.05	EI	Williams and Hamill, 1968	RDSH
10.51	PE	Baker, Baker, et al., 1968	RDSH
10.511 ± 0.005	PI	Brehm, 1966	RDSH
10.50 ± 0.01	PI	Botter, Dibeler, et al., 1966	RDSH
10.507 ± 0.004	PI	Nicholson, 1965	RDSH
10.50 ± 0.02	PI	Momigny, 1963	RDSH
10.52 ± 0.01	PI	Watanabe, 1954	RDSH
10.51 ± 0.03	S	Price and Tutte, 1940	RDSH
10.80 ± 0.05	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
10.68	PE	Bieri and Asbrink, 1980	Vertical value; LLK
10.50 ± 0.01	PE	Krause, Taylor, et al., 1978	Vertical value; LLK
10.5	PE	Kobayashi, 1978	Vertical value; LLK
10.5	PE	White, Carlson, et al., 1974	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
C⁺	≤18.30 ± 0.16	CH₄	EI	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
C⁺	24.4	?	EI	Maeda, Suzuki, et al., 1974	LLK
C⁺	24.6 ± 0.5	?	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
CH⁺	17.68 ± 0.16	CH₃	EI	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
CH⁺	22.1	?	EI	Maeda, Suzuki, et al., 1974	LLK
CH⁺	22.9 ± 0.5	?	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
CH₂⁺	17.82 ± 0.06	CH₂	EI	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
CH₂⁺	18.04 ± 0.04	CH₂	TE	Stockbauer and Inghram, 1975, 2	LLK
CH₂⁺	18.4	CH₂	EI	Maeda, Suzuki, et al., 1974	LLK
CH₂⁺	18.05	CH₂	PI	Chupka, Berkowitz, et al., 1969	RDSH
CH₂⁺	19.2 ± 0.3	?	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
CH₃⁺	15.60 ± 0.20	CH^-	EI	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
CH₃⁺	16.95 ± 0.15	CH	EI	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
CH₃⁺	19.3	?	EI	Maeda, Suzuki, et al., 1974	LLK
CH₄⁺	18.66	C^-	EI	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
C₂⁺	24.5	?	EI	Maeda, Suzuki, et al., 1974	LLK
C₂⁺	26.4 ± 1.0	2H+H₂	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
C₂H⁺	18.7	H+H₂	EI	Maeda, Suzuki, et al., 1974	LLK
C₂H⁺	19.2 ± 1.0	H+H₂	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
C₂H₂⁺	13.14 ± 0.03	H₂	EI	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
C₂H₂⁺	13.2 ± 0.1	H₂	PIPECO	Bombach, Dannacher, et al., 1984	T = 0K; LBLHLM
C₂H₂⁺	13.55	H₂	PI	Wood and Taylor, 1979	LLK
C₂H₂⁺	13.13 ± 0.04	H₂	EI	Gordon, Harvey, et al., 1977	LLK
C₂H₂⁺	13.0 ± 0.1	H₂	EI	Gordon, Harvey, et al., 1977	LLK
C₂H₂⁺	13.14 ± 0.01	H₂	TE	Stockbauer and Inghram, 1975, 2	LLK
C₂H₂⁺	13.1	H₂	EI	Maeda, Suzuki, et al., 1974	LLK
C₂H₂⁺	13.11 ± 0.02	H₂	EI	Gordon, Krige, et al., 1974	LLK
C₂H₂⁺	13.13 ± 0.02	H₂	PI	Chupka, Berkowitz, et al., 1969	RDSH
C₂H₂⁺	12.96 ± 0.02	H₂	PI	Brehm, 1966	RDSH
C₂H₂⁺	13.12 ± 0.03	H₂	PI	Botter, Dibeler, et al., 1966	RDSH
C₂H₂⁺	13.4 ± 0.2	H₂	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
C₂H₃⁺	12.35 ± 0.10	H^-	EI	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
C₂H₃⁺	13.10 ± 0.08	H	EI	Plessis and Marmet, 1986	LBLHLM
C₂H₃⁺	13.3 ± 0.1	H	PIPECO	Bombach, Dannacher, et al., 1984	T = 0K; LBLHLM
C₂H₃⁺	13.55	H	PI	Wood and Taylor, 1979	LLK
C₂H₃⁺	13.22 ± 0.02	H	TE	Stockbauer and Inghram, 1975, 2	LLK
C₂H₃⁺	13.6	H	EI	Maeda, Suzuki, et al., 1974	LLK
C₂H₃⁺	13.31 ± 0.03	H	EI	Gordon, Krige, et al., 1974	LLK
C₂H₃⁺	13.52 ± 0.04	H	EI	Finney and Harrison, 1972	LLK
C₂H₃⁺	13.25 ± 0.05	H	PI	Chupka, Berkowitz, et al., 1969	RDSH
C₂H₃⁺	13.37 ± 0.03	H	PI	Brehm, 1966	RDSH
C₂H₃⁺	14.1 ± 0.1	H	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
H⁺	18.66 ± 0.05	C₂H₃	C2H3	Shiromaru, Achiba, et al., 1987	LBLHLM
H⁺	26.2 ± 1.5	C₂H₃	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH
H₂⁺	22.4 ± 1.5	?	EI	Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C₂H₃^- + = Ethylene

By formula: C₂H₃^- + H⁺ = C₂H₄

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1704. ± 9.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 5 out of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1677.8 ± 2.1	kJ/mol	IMRE	Ervin, Gronert, et al., 1990	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1670. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	H-TS	DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1668. ± 21.	kJ/mol	H-TS	Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	>1661.0	kJ/mol	IMRB	Froelicher, Freiser, et al., 1986	gas phase; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Ag⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	141.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Guo and Castleman, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	92.5	J/mol*K	N/A	Guo and Castleman, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
71.5	750.	HPMS	Guo and Castleman, 1991	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • Ethylene ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Ag⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	136.	kJ/mol	HPMS	Guo and Castleman, 1991	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	126.	J/mol*K	HPMS	Guo and Castleman, 1991	gas phase; M

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Al⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	54.4 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	CIDC,EqG	Stockigt, Schwarz, et al., 1996	Anchored to theory; RCD

C₂H₄⁺ + Ethylene = (C₂H₄⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₄⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	66.1	kJ/mol	PI	Ono, Linn, et al., 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	76.1	kJ/mol	PI	Ceyer, Tiedemann, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

(C₂H₄⁺ • Ethylene ) + = (C₂H₄⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (C₂H₄⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.	kJ/mol	PI	Ceyer, Tiedemann, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₃H₅⁺ + Ethylene = (C₃H₅⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₅⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₃H₅⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	69.9	kJ/mol	PI	Ceyer, Tiedemann, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₃H₉Si⁺ + Ethylene = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	98.7	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Li and Stone, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	161.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Li and Stone, 1989	gas phase; M

C₄H₇⁺ + Ethylene = (C₄H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₇⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₄H₇⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36.	kJ/mol	PI	Ceyer, Tiedemann, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

C₆HCrO₆⁺ + Ethylene = (C₆HCrO₆⁺ • )

By formula: C₆HCrO₆⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₆HCrO₆⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	59.8 ± 5.0	kJ/mol	ICRCD	Hop and McMahon, 1991	gas phase; Ar collision gas; M

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	186. ± 9.2	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
179. (+7.1,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
27. (+13.,-0.)		CID	Haynes and Armentrout, 1994	gas phase; Δ_rH>=, guided ion beam CID; M

( • Ethylene ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Co⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	152. ± 14.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Cr⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	96. ± 11.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
125. (+19.,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; Δ_rH>=, guided ion beam CID; M

( • Ethylene ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cr⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Cr⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	108. ± 11.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Cu⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	176. ± 14.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
95. (+11.,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; Δ_rH>=, guided ion beam CID; M

( • Ethylene ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cu⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Cu⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	174. ± 13.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₂H₄ = (F^- • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25. ± 13.	kJ/mol	IMRB	Sullivan and Beauchamp, 1976	gas phase; Structure: Roy and McMahon, 1985; B

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Fe⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	145. ± 11.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
145. (+5.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

( • Ethylene ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Fe⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	151. ± 15.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + C₂H₄ = (H₄N⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	42.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	84.	J/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
15.	294.	PHPMS	Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: La⁺ + C₂H₄ = (La⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	220. ± 10.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Ranashinge and Freiser, 1992	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
90.0		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; Δ_rH>=, guided ion beam CID; M

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Mn⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	91. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

( • Ethylene ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Mn⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Mn⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	88. ± 14.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Na⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	43.1 ± 4.6	kJ/mol	CIDT	Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000	RCD

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ni⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	182. ± 11.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
138. (+19.,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; Δ_rH>=, guided ion beam CID; M

( • Ethylene ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ni⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Ni⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	173. ± 14.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

Rh⁺ + Ethylene = (Rh⁺ • )

By formula: Rh⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Rh⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
161. (+3.,-0.)		CID	Chen and Armetrout, 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Sc⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Sc⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	220. ± 10.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Ranashinge and Freiser, 1992	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
131.		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; Δ_rH >=, guided ion beam CID; M

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ti⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	146. ± 11.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
119.		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; Δ_rH>=, guided ion beam CID; M

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: V⁺ + C₂H₄ = (V⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	125. ± 7.9	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
117.		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; Δ_rH>=, guided ion beam CID; M

( • Ethylene ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (V⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (V⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	127. ± 14.	kJ/mol	CIDT	Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998	RCD

+ Ethylene = ( • )

By formula: Y⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Y⁺ • C₂H₄)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	220. ± 10.	kJ/mol	PDiss	Ranashinge and Freiser, 1992	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
109.		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; Δ_rH>=, guided ion beam CID; M

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
S°_{gas,1 bar}	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
T	Temperature
Δ_cH°_gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH_{(+) ion,0K}	Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at 0K
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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