Ethylene
- Formula: C2H4
- Molecular weight: 28.0532
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 74-85-1
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Ethene; Acetene; Bicarburretted hydrogen; Elayl; Olefiant gas; C2H4; Athylen; Liquid ethyene; UN 1038; UN 1962
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Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Reactions 1 to 50
C2H3- + =
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 407. ± 2. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 6 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 401.00 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Ervin, Gronert, et al., 1990 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 399.1 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | H-TS | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 398.6 ± 4.9 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | >397.00 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Froelicher, Freiser, et al., 1986 | gas phase; B |
C7H4CrO5 (g) = C5CrO5 (g) + (g)
By formula: C7H4CrO5 (g) = C5CrO5 (g) + C2H4 (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 25.1 ± 1. | kcal/mol | KinG | McNamara, Becher, et al., 1994 | The reaction enthalpy was identified with the activation energy.; MS |
ΔrH° | 24.7 ± 2.4 | kcal/mol | KinG | Wells, House, et al., 1994 | The reaction enthalpy relies on the measured activation energy and on the assumption of a negligible barrier for product recombination Wells, House, et al., 1994.; MS |
By formula: Ag+ + C2H4 = (Ag+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 33.7 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Guo and Castleman, 1991 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.1 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Guo and Castleman, 1991 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
17.1 | 750. | HPMS | Guo and Castleman, 1991 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: H4N+ + C2H4 = (H4N+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10. | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.7 | 294. | PHPMS | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: Co+ + C2H4 = (Co+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 44.5 ± 2.2 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
42.8 (+1.7,-0.) | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M | |
6.5 (+3.0,-0.) | CID | Haynes and Armentrout, 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH>=, guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: C2H5Cl = C2H4 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.1 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.35 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1955 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.1 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: Cr+ + C2H4 = (Cr+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22.9 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
29.9 (+4.5,-0.) | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH>=, guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: Ni+ + C2H4 = (Ni+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 43.5 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
32.9 (+4.5,-0.) | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH>=, guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: Cu+ + C2H4 = (Cu+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 42.1 ± 3.3 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
22.7 (+2.6,-0.) | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH>=, guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: Sc+ + C2H4 = (Sc+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 52. ± 3. | kcal/mol | PDiss | Ranashinge and Freiser, 1992 | gas phase; M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
31.3 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH >=, guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: La+ + C2H4 = (La+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 52. ± 3. | kcal/mol | PDiss | Ranashinge and Freiser, 1992 | gas phase; M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
21.5 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH>=, guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: Y+ + C2H4 = (Y+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 52. ± 3. | kcal/mol | PDiss | Ranashinge and Freiser, 1992 | gas phase; M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
26.1 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH>=, guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: Ti+ + C2H4 = (Ti+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 34.9 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
28.4 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH>=, guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: V+ + C2H4 = (V+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 29.9 ± 1.9 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
28.0 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; ΔrH>=, guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: Fe+ + C2H4 = (Fe+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 34.7 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
34.6 (+1.4,-0.) | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: C2H4 + Br2 = C2H4Br2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -28.90 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | Cm | Conn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1938 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -29.06 ± 0.30 kcal/mol; At 355 °K; ALS |
By formula: C2H4 + I2 = C2H4I2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -11.5 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Abrams and Davis, 1954 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | -13.4 ± 0.5 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Cutherbertson and Kistiakowsky, 1935 | gas phase; Heat of dissociation; ALS |
By formula: (Ag+ • C2H4) + C2H4 = (Ag+ • 2C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 32.4 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Guo and Castleman, 1991 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 30.2 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Guo and Castleman, 1991 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -32.6 ± 0.5 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Kistiakowsky and Nickle, 1951 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | -32.58 ± 0.06 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Kistiakowsky, Romeyn, et al., 1935 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C2H5Br = HBr + C2H4
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 19.20 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = 19.1 kcal/mol; ALS |
By formula: C3H9Si+ + C2H4 = (C3H9Si+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 23.6 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Li and Stone, 1989 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 38.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Li and Stone, 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C2H4+ + C2H4 = (C2H4+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 15.8 | kcal/mol | PI | Ono, Linn, et al., 1984 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 18.2 | kcal/mol | PI | Ceyer, Tiedemann, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
C6H4FeO4 (l) = 4 (g) +
(cr) +
(g)
By formula: C6H4FeO4 (l) = 4CO (g) + Fe (cr) + C2H4 (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 46.0 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | HAL-HFC | Brown, Connor, et al., 1976 | MS |
ΔrH° | 44.31 | kcal/mol | TD-HFC | Brown, Connor, et al., 1976 | MS |
By formula: C8H12 = C6H8 + C2H4
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 32.4 | kcal/mol | Kin | Huybrechts, Rigaux, et al., 1980 | gas phase; Diels-Alder addition at 560°K, see Van Mele, Boon, et al., 1986; ALS |
By formula: F- + C2H4 = (F- • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6.0 ± 3.0 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Sullivan and Beauchamp, 1976 | gas phase; Structure: Roy and McMahon, 1985; B |
By formula: Rh+ + C2H4 = (Rh+ • C2H4)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
38.5 (+0.7,-0.) | CID | Chen and Armetrout, 1995 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
C7H9Cl2NPd (solution) + (l) = (PdCl2(C5H5N)2) (solution) +
(solution)
By formula: C7H9Cl2NPd (solution) + C4H4N2 (l) = (PdCl2(C5H5N)2) (solution) + C2H4 (solution)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -13.8 ± 0.41 | kcal/mol | RSC | Partenheimer and Durham, 1974 | solvent: Dichloromethane; MS |
(solution) +
(solution) = C13H19O2Rh (solution) + 2
(solution)
By formula: C9H15O2Rh (solution) + C8H12 (solution) = C13H19O2Rh (solution) + 2C2H4 (solution)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -2.2 ± 0.1 | kcal/mol | RSC | Jesse, Cordfunke, et al., 1979 | solvent: n-Heptane; MS |
(g) + C2H3BrMg (solution) =
(solution) + Br2Mg (solution)
By formula: HBr (g) + C2H3BrMg (solution) = C2H4 (solution) + Br2Mg (solution)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -70.29 ± 0.53 | kcal/mol | RSC | Holm, 1981 | solvent: Tetrahydrofuran; MS |
By formula: C6HCrO6+ + C2H4 = (C6HCrO6+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 14.3 ± 1.2 | kcal/mol | ICRCD | Hop and McMahon, 1991 | gas phase; Ar collision gas; M |
By formula: Al+ + C2H4 = (Al+ • C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.0 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | CIDC,EqG | Stockigt, Schwarz, et al., 1996 | Anchored to theory; RCD |
(CAS Reg. No. 25013-41-6 • 4294967295) +
= CAS Reg. No. 25013-41-6
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 25013-41-6 • 4294967295C2H4) + C2H4 = CAS Reg. No. 25013-41-6
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.9 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | N/A | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
By formula: H2 + C2H3Cl = C2H4 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -18.39 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Kianpour, et al., 1956 | gas phase; At 298 K; ALS |
By formula: C2H4 + Cl2 = C2H4Cl2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -43.65 ± 0.15 | kcal/mol | Cm | Conn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1938 | gas phase; At 355 °K; ALS |
By formula: C2H4ClI = I + Cl + C2H4
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 76.5 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | Kin | Minton, Felder, et al., 1984 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: (C2H4+ • C2H4) + C2H4 = (C2H4+ • 2C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 4.2 | kcal/mol | PI | Ceyer, Tiedemann, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
C12H14Mo (cr) + (cr) = C10H10I2Mo (cr) +
(g)
By formula: C12H14Mo (cr) + I2 (cr) = C10H10I2Mo (cr) + C2H4 (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -38.96 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | RSC | Calhorda, Carrondo, et al., 1991 | MS |
By formula: C9H15O2Rh (cr) + 2CO (g) = C7H7O4Rh (cr) + 2C2H4 (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -12.8 ± 0.41 | kcal/mol | DSC | Jesse, Baks, et al., 1978 | MS |
C9H15IrO2 (cr) + 2 (g) = C7H7IrO4 (cr) + 2
(g)
By formula: C9H15IrO2 (cr) + 2CO (g) = C7H7IrO4 (cr) + 2C2H4 (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -17.7 ± 1.1 | kcal/mol | DSC | Jesse, Baks, et al., 1978 | MS |
By formula: (Fe+ • C2H4) + C2H4 = (Fe+ • 2C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 36.1 ± 3.6 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
By formula: (Cr+ • C2H4) + C2H4 = (Cr+ • 2C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 25.8 ± 2.6 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
By formula: (Mn+ • C2H4) + C2H4 = (Mn+ • 2C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 21.0 ± 3.3 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
By formula: (V+ • C2H4) + C2H4 = (V+ • 2C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 30.4 ± 3.3 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
By formula: (Ni+ • C2H4) + C2H4 = (Ni+ • 2C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 41.3 ± 3.3 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
By formula: (Co+ • C2H4) + C2H4 = (Co+ • 2C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 36.3 ± 3.3 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
By formula: (Cu+ • C2H4) + C2H4 = (Cu+ • 2C2H4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 41.6 ± 3.1 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998 | RCD |
By formula: C7H10 = C5H6 + C2H4
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 23.2 ± 0.60 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Walsh and Wells, 1976 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: 2C2H4 = C4H8
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -20.7 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Quick, Knecht, et al., 1972 | gas phase; At 750 K; ALS |
By formula: C2H4I2 = C2H4 + I2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11.5 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Benson and Amano, 1962 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: C4H8 + C2H4 = C6H12
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -16.7 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Scacchi and Back, 1977 | liquid phase; ALS |
Henry's Law data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Rolf Sander
Henry's Law constant (water solution)
kH(T) = k°H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)
k°H (mol/(kg*bar)) | d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.0048 | Q | N/A | missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species. | |
0.0049 | Q | N/A | Several references are given in the list of Henry's law constants but not assigned to specific species. | |
0.0047 | L | N/A | ||
0.0047 | 1800. | L | N/A | |
0.0047 | V | N/A | ||
0.0049 | X | N/A | The value is taken from the compilation of solubilities by W. Asman (unpublished). |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to C2H4+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 10.5138 ± 0.0006 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 162.6 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 155.7 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔfH°(+) ion | 254.9 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | N/A | N/A | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔfH(+) ion,0K | 257. | kcal/mol | N/A | N/A |
Ionization energy determinations
Appearance energy determinations
De-protonation reactions
C2H3- + =
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 407. ± 2. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 6 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 401.00 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | IMRE | Ervin, Gronert, et al., 1990 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 399.1 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | H-TS | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 398.6 ± 4.9 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | >397.00 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Froelicher, Freiser, et al., 1986 | gas phase; B |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
NIST MS number | 18814 |
References
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Ervin, Gronert, et al., 1990
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Bonds Strengths of Ethylene and Acetylene,
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DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989
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The Gas Phase Acidities of the Alkanes,
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Peerboom, Rademaker, et al., 1992
Peerboom, R.A.L.; Rademaker, G.J.; Dekoning, L.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M.,
Stabilization of Cycloalkyl Carbanions in the Gas Phase,
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Froelicher, Freiser, et al., 1986
Froelicher, S.W.; Freiser, B.S.; Squires, R.R.,
The C3H5- isomers. Experimental and theoretical studies of the tautomeric propenyl ions and the cyclopropyl anion in the gas phase,
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McNamara, Becher, et al., 1994
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Guo and Castleman, 1991
Guo, B.C.; Castleman, A.W.,
The Bonding Strength of Ag+(C2H4) and Ag+(C2H4)2 Complexes,
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Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Deakyne, C.A.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.,
Unconventional Ionic Hydrogen Bonds. 2. NH+ pi. Complexes of Onium Ions with Olefins and Benzene Derivatives,
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Haynes and Armentrout, 1994
Haynes, C.L.; Armentrout, P.B.,
Thermochemistry and Structures of CoC3H6+: Metallacyclic and Metal-Alkene Isomers,
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Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979
Levanova, s.V.; Bushneva, I.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.; Aprelkin, A.S.,
Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions,
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Howlett, 1955
Howlett, K.E.,
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Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953
Lane, M.R.; Linnett, J.W.; Oswin, H.G.,
A study of the C2H4+HCl=C2H5Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria,
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Ranashinge and Freiser, 1992
Ranashinge, Y.A.; Freiser, B.S.,
Gas-Phase Photodissociation of MC2H2+ (M = Sc, Y, La). Determination of D0(M+ - C2H2),
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Conn, J.B.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Smith, E.A.,
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Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
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Abrams and Davis, 1954
Abrams, A.; Davis, T.W.,
Use of radioactive iodine to determine equilibrium constants in ethylene-iodine-1,2-diiodoethane systems,
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Cutherbertson and Kistiakowsky, 1935
Cutherbertson, G.R.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.,
The thermal equilibrium between ethylene iodide, ethylene and iodine,
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Kistiakowsky and Nickle, 1951
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Nickle, A.G.,
Ethane-ethylene and propane-propylene equilibria,
Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1951, 10, 175-187. [all data]
Kistiakowsky, Romeyn, et al., 1935
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Romeyn, H., Jr.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E.,
Heats of organic reactions. I. The apparatus and the heat of hydrogenation of ethylene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 65-75. [all data]
Li and Stone, 1989
Li, X.; Stone, J.A.,
Determination of the beta silicon effect from a mass spectrometric study of the association of trimethylsilylium ion with alkenes,
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Ono, Linn, et al., 1984
Ono, Y.; Linn, S.H.; Tzeng, W.-B.; Ng, C.Y.,
A Study of the Unimolecular Decomposition of the (C2H4)2+ Complex,
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Ceyer, Tiedemann, et al., 1979
Ceyer, S.T.; Tiedemann, P.W.; Ng, C.Y.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T.,
Photoionization of Ethylene Clusters,
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Brown, Connor, et al., 1976
Brown, D.L.S.; Connor, J.A.; Leung, M.L.; Paz-Andrade, M.I.; Skinner, H.A.,
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Huybrechts, Rigaux, et al., 1980
Huybrechts, G.; Rigaux, D.; Vankeerberghen, J.; Van Mele, B.,
Kinetics of the Diels-Alder addition of ethene to cyclohexa-1,3-diene and its reverse reaction in the gas phase,
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Van Mele, Boon, et al., 1986
Van Mele, B.; Boon, G.; Huybrechts, G.,
Gas-phase kinetic and thermochemical data for endo- and exo-5-monosubstituted bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-enes,
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Sullivan and Beauchamp, 1976
Sullivan, S.A.; Beauchamp, J.L.,
Competition between proton transfer and elimination in the reactions of strong bases with fluoroethanes in the gas phase. Influence of base strength on reactivity,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 1160. [all data]
Roy and McMahon, 1985
Roy, M.; McMahon, T.B.,
The Anomalous Gas Phase Acidity of Ethyl Fluoride. An ab initio Investigation of the Importance of Hydrogen Bonding between Fluoride and sp2 and sp C-H Bonds.,
Can. J. Chem., 1985, 63, 3, 708, https://doi.org/10.1139/v85-117
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Chen and Armetrout, 1995
Chen, Y.M.; Armetrout, P.B.,
Activation of C2H6, C3H8, and c-C3H6 by Gas-Phase Rh+ and the Thermochemistry of Rh-Ligand Complexes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 36, 9291, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00141a022
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Partenheimer and Durham, 1974
Partenheimer, W.; Durham, B.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 3800. [all data]
Jesse, Cordfunke, et al., 1979
Jesse, A.C.; Cordfunke, E.H.P.; Ouweltjes, W.,
Thermochim. Acta, 1979, 30, 293. [all data]
Holm, 1981
Holm, T.,
J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II, 1981, 464.. [all data]
Hop and McMahon, 1991
Hop, C.E.C.A.; McMahon, T.B.,
High Pressure Mass Spectrometric Observation of Metal Carbonyl Alkyl Adduct Ions of Novel Structure,
Inorg. Chem., 1991, 30, 13, 2828, https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00013a025
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Stockigt, Schwarz, et al., 1996
Stockigt, D.; Schwarz, J.; Schwarz, H.,
Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Bond Dissociation Energies of Al(methane)+, Al(acetylene)+, Al(ethene)+, and Al(ethane)+,
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Lacher, Kianpour, et al., 1956
Lacher, J.R.; Kianpour, A.; Oetting, F.; Park, J.D.,
Reaction calorimetry. The hydrogenation of organic fluorides and chlorides,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1956, 52, 1500-1508. [all data]
Minton, Felder, et al., 1984
Minton, T.K.; Felder, P.; Brudzynski, R.J.; Lee, Y.T.,
Photodissociation of 1,2-chloroiodoethane at 248 and 266 nm: The enthalpy of formation of CH2ClCH2I,
J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 1759-1769. [all data]
Calhorda, Carrondo, et al., 1991
Calhorda, M.J.; Carrondo, M.A.A.F.C.T.; Dias, A.R.; Galvão, A.M.; Garcia, M.H.; Martins, A.M.; Minas da Piedade, M.E.; Pinheiro, C.I.; Romão, C.C.; Martinho Simões, J.A.; Veiros, L.F.,
Organometallics, 1991, 10, 483. [all data]
Jesse, Baks, et al., 1978
Jesse, A.C.; Baks, A.; Stufkens, D.J.; Vrieze, K.,
Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1978, 29, 177. [all data]
Walsh and Wells, 1976
Walsh, R.; Wells, J.M.,
The enthalpy of formation and thermodynamic functions of bicyclo[2,2,1]hept-2-ene,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1976, 8, 55-60. [all data]
Quick, Knecht, et al., 1972
Quick, L.M.; Knecht, D.A.; Back, M.H.,
Kinetics of the formation of cyclobutane from ethylene,
Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1972, 4, 61-68. [all data]
Benson and Amano, 1962
Benson, S.W.; Amano, A.,
Thermodynamics of iodine addition to ethylene, propylene, and cyclopropane,
J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 36, 3464-3471. [all data]
Scacchi and Back, 1977
Scacchi, G.; Back, M.H.,
The cycloaddition of ethylene to butene-2. II. Energy relations,
Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1977, 9, 525-534. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
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Ohno, Okamura, et al., 1995
Ohno, K.; Okamura, K.; Yamakado, H.; Hoshino, S.; Takami, T.; Yamauchi, M.,
Penning ionization of HCHO, CH2CH2, and CH2CHCHO by collision with He*(2 3S) metastable atoms,
J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 14247. [all data]
Williams and Cool, 1991
Williams, B.A.; Cool, T.A.,
Two-photon spectroscopy of Rydberg states of jet-cooled C2H4 and C2D4,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 94, 6358. [all data]
Plessis and Marmet, 1986
Plessis, P.; Marmet, P.,
Electroionization study of ethylene: Ionization and appearance energies, ion-pair formations, and negative ions,
Can. J. Phys., 1986, 65, 165. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Wood and Taylor, 1979
Wood, K.V.; Taylor, J.W.,
A photoionization mass spectrometric study of autoionization in ethylene and trans-2-butene,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 30, 307. [all data]
Carlier and Botter, 1979
Carlier, J.; Botter, R.,
Photoelectron spectra of ethylene of the six deuterated derivatives,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1979, 17, 91. [all data]
Sell, Mintz, et al., 1978
Sell, J.A.; Mintz, D.M.; Kupperman, A.,
Photoelectron angular distributions of carbon-carbon π electrons in ethylene, benzene, and their fluorinated derivatives,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1978, 58, 601. [all data]
Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P.,
Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]
Van Veen, 1976
Van Veen, E.H.,
Low-energy electron-impact spectroscopy on ethylene,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1976, 41, 540. [all data]
Stockbauer and Inghram, 1975
Stockbauer, R.; Inghram, M.G.,
Vibrational structure in the ground state of ethylene ethylene-d4 molecular ions investigated by threshold photoelectron spectroscopy,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 492. [all data]
Stockbauer and Inghram, 1975, 2
Stockbauer, R.; Inghram, M.G.,
Threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence mass spectrometric study of ethylene and ethylene-d4,
J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 4862. [all data]
Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O.,
Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]
Maeda, Suzuki, et al., 1974
Maeda, K.; Suzuki, I.H.; Koyama, Y.,
Ionization efficiency curves of ethylene by electron impact,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 14, 273. [all data]
Knowles and Nicholson, 1974
Knowles, D.J.; Nicholson, A.J.C.,
Ionization energies of formic and acetic acid monomers,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1180. [all data]
Gordon, Krige, et al., 1974
Gordon, S.M.; Krige, G.J.; Reid, N.W.,
Isotope effects in the unimolecular decomposition of ethylene by low-energy electron impact,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 14, 109. [all data]
Masclet, Grosjean, et al., 1973
Masclet, P.; Grosjean, D.; Mouvier, G.,
Alkene ionization potentials. Part I. Quantitative determination of alkyl group structural effects,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 2, 225. [all data]
Beez, Bieri, et al., 1973
Beez, M.; Bieri, G.; Bock, H.; Heilbronner, E.,
The ionization potentials of butadiene, hexatriene, andtheir methyl derivatives: evidence for through space interaction between double bond π-orbitals and non-bonded pseudo-π orbitals of methyl groups?,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1973, 56, 1028. [all data]
Mason, Kuppermann, et al., 1972
Mason, D.C.; Kuppermann, A.; Mintz, D.M.,
Angular distribution of electrons from the photoionization of ethylene
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Brundle, Robin, et al., 1972
Brundle, C.R.; Robin, M.B.; Kuebler, N.A.; Basch, H.,
Perfluoro effect in photoelectron spectroscopy. I. Nonaromatic molecules,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 1451. [all data]
Frost and Sandhu, 1971
Frost, D.C.; Sandhu, J.S.,
Ionization potentials of ethylene and some methyl-substituted ethylenes as determined by photoelectron spectroscopy,
Indian J. Chem., 1971, 9, 1105. [all data]
Branton, Frost, et al., 1970
Branton, G.R.; Frost, D.C.; Makita, T.; McDowell, C.A.; Stenhouse, I.A.,
Photoelectron spectra of ethylene and ethylene-d4,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 802. [all data]
Eland, 1969
Eland, J.H.D.,
Photoelectron spectra of conjugated hydrocarbons and heteromolecules,
Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 471. [all data]
Williams and Hamill, 1968
Williams, J.M.; Hamill, W.H.,
Ionization potentials of molecules and free radicals and appearance potentials by electron impact in the mass spectrometer,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 4467. [all data]
Baker, Baker, et al., 1968
Baker, A.D.; Baker, C.; Brundle, C.R.; Turner, D.W.,
The electronic structures of methane, ethane, ethylene and formaldehyde studied by high-resolution molecular photoelectron spectroscopy,
Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 285. [all data]
Brehm, 1966
Brehm, B.,
Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung der Photoionisation von Molekulen,
Z. Naturforsch., 1966, 21a, 196. [all data]
Botter, Dibeler, et al., 1966
Botter, R.; Dibeler, V.H.; Walker, J.A.; Rosenstock, H.M.,
Mass-spectrometric study of photoionization. IV.Ethylene and 1,2-dideuteroethylene,
J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 1298. [all data]
Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C.,
Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure,
J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]
Momigny, 1963
Momigny, J.,
Ionization potentials and the structures of the photo-ionization yield curves of ethylene and its halogeno derivatives,
Nature, 1963, 199, 1179. [all data]
Watanabe, 1954
Watanabe, K.,
Photoionization and total absorption cross section of gases. I. Ionization potentials of several molecules. Cross sections of NH3 and NO,
J. Chem. Phys., 1954, 22, 1564. [all data]
Price and Tutte, 1940
Price, W.C.; Tutte, W.T.,
The absorption spectra of ethylene, deutero-ethylene and some alkyl-substituted ethylenes in the vacuum ultra-violet,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1940, A174, 207. [all data]
Kusch, Hustrulid, et al., 1937
Kusch, P.; Hustrulid, A.; Tate, J.T.,
The dissociation of HCN, C2H2, C2N2 and C2H4 by electron impact,
Phys. Rev., 1937, 52, 843. [all data]
Bieri and Asbrink, 1980
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.,
30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 20, 149. [all data]
Krause, Taylor, et al., 1978
Krause, D.A.; Taylor, J.W.; Fenske, R.F.,
An analysis of the effects of alkyl substituents on the ionization potentials of n-alkenes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 718. [all data]
Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T.,
A simple general tendency in photoelectron angular distributions of some monosubstituted benzenes,
Phys. Lett., 1978, 69, 105. [all data]
White, Carlson, et al., 1974
White, R.M.; Carlson, T.A.; Spears, D.P.,
Angular distribution of the photoelectron spectra for ethylene, propylene, butene and butadiene,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 59. [all data]
Chupka, Berkowitz, et al., 1969
Chupka, W.A.; Berkowitz, J.; Refaey, K.M.A.,
Photoionization of ethylene with mass analysis,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 1938. [all data]
Bombach, Dannacher, et al., 1984
Bombach, R.; Dannacher, J.; Stadelmann, J.-P.,
The rate/energy functions for the competitive fragmentation processes of ethylene and ethane cations,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 58, 217. [all data]
Gordon, Harvey, et al., 1977
Gordon, S.M.; Harvey, G.A.; Jackson, J.R.; Tresling, J.D.; Van Niekerk, J.M.,
Computer-assisted retarding potential difference system for ionization efficiency measurements,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1977, 23, 259. [all data]
Finney and Harrison, 1972
Finney, C.D.; Harrison, A.G.,
A third-derivative method for determining electron-impact onset potentials,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 9, 221. [all data]
Shiromaru, Achiba, et al., 1987
Shiromaru, H.; Achiba, Y.; Kimura, K.; Lee, Y.T.,
Determination of the C-H bond dissociation energies of ethylene and acetylene by observation of the threshold energies of H+ formation by synchrotron radiation,
J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 17. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy T Temperature d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant k°H Henry's Law constant at 298.15K ΔfH(+) ion,0K Enthalpy of formation of positive ion at 0K ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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