Methane
- Formula: CH4
- Molecular weight: 16.0425
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 74-82-8
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Marsh gas; Methyl hydride; CH4; Fire Damp; R 50; Biogas; R 50 (refrigerant)
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Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Reactions 1 to 50
CH3- + =
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 416.74 ± 0.70 | kcal/mol | D-EA | Ellison, Engelking, et al., 1978 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 418.0 ± 3.5 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Graul and Squires, 1990 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | >404.18 ± 0.10 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 414.80 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeBr3; ; ΔS(EA)=9.3; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 408.66 ± 0.80 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Ellison, Engelking, et al., 1978 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 409.9 ± 3.6 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Graul and Squires, 1990 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | >396.10 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 407.30 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeBr3; ; ΔS(EA)=9.3; B |
By formula: (CH5+ • CH4) + CH4 = (CH5+ • 2CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 5.3 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 5.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 1.5 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Field and Beggs, 1971 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 24.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 24.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 7.2 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Field and Beggs, 1971 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: CH5+ + CH4 = (CH5+ • CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6.9 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 7.4 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 4.1 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Field and Beggs, 1971 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.1 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 20.8 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 12.4 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Field and Beggs, 1971 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: C2H5+ + CH4 = (C2H5+ • CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 5.50 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 6.6 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiroka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 2.4 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Field and Beggs, 1971 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 23.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiroka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 8.6 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Field and Beggs, 1971 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 2CH4) + CH4 = (Co+ • 3CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11. | kcal/mol | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
9.8 (+1.2,-0.) | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.7 | 477. | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: Co+ + CH4 = (Co+ • CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrS° | 19.8 | cal/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; ΔrS(530 K); M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
21.5 (+1.6,-0.) | CID | Haynes and Armentrout, 1996 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M | |
21.5 (+1.4,-0.) | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M | |
22.5 (+0.5,-0.) | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; ΔrS(530 K); M |
By formula: (Co+ • CH4) + H2 = (Co+ • H2 • CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrS° | 22.9 | cal/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; switching reaction(Co+).2H2, ΔrS(440 K); Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2; M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
17.4 (+0.8,-0.) | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; switching reaction(Co+).2H2, ΔrS(440 K); Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2; M |
By formula: (Co+ • H2) + CH4 = (Co+ • CH4 • H2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrS° | 21.8 | cal/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; switching reaction(Co+)2H2, ΔrS(440 K); Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2; M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
22.6 (+1.2,-0.) | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; switching reaction(Co+)2H2, ΔrS(440 K); Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993, 2; M |
(g) = C5MnO5 (g) +
(g)
By formula: C6H3MnO5 (g) = C5MnO5 (g) + CH4 (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 45.9 ± 3.6 | kcal/mol | PIMS | Martinho Simões and Beauchamp, 1990 | The reaction enthalpy was derived from the appearance energy of Mn(CO)5(+), 224.8 ± 1.1 kcal/mol, using Mn(CO)5(Me) as the neutral precursor, together with the adiabatic ionization energy of Mn(CO)5 radical, 179. ± 3.3 kcal/mol Martinho Simões and Beauchamp, 1990; MS |
By formula: (Co+ • CH4) + CH4 = (Co+ • 2CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrS° | 26.1 | cal/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; ΔrS(500 K); M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
22.9 (+1.2,-0.) | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M | |
24.8 (+1.0,-0.) | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; ΔrS(500 K); M |
By formula: (CH5+ • 2CH4) + CH4 = (CH5+ • 3CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.1 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 4.1 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 26.1 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (CH5+ • 3CH4) + CH4 = (CH5+ • 4CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.0 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 3.9 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 23.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 26.6 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975 | gas phase; M |
(g) + CH3BrMg (solution) =
(solution) + Br2Mg (solution)
By formula: HBr (g) + CH3BrMg (solution) = CH4 (solution) + Br2Mg (solution)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -65.61 ± 0.53 | kcal/mol | RSC | Holm, 1981 | solvent: Diethyl ether; The enthalpy of formation was calculated using the assumptions and the auxiliary data in Holm, 1981, except for the organic compound, whose enthalpy of formation was quoted from Pedley, 1994; MS |
By formula: (Co+ • CH4) + C2H6 = (Co+ • C2H6 • CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrS° | 25.9 | cal/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; switching reaction(Co+).2CH4, ΔrS(480 K); M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
28.4 (+1.3,-0.) | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; switching reaction(Co+).2CH4, ΔrS(480 K); M |
C63H91CoN13O14P (solution) = (solution) +
(solution)
By formula: C63H91CoN13O14P (solution) = C63H88CoN14O14P (solution) + CH4 (solution)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 37.0 ± 3.1 | kcal/mol | KinS | Martin and Finke, 1990 | solvent: Ethylene glycol; Please also see Martin and Finke, 1992. The reaction enthalpy relies on 41.0 ± 3.0 kcal/mol for the reaction activation enthalpy. The reaction refers to "base-on" cobalamine.; MS |
By formula: C3H7+ + CH4 = (C3H7+ • CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.59 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 3.4 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1976 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 17.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 20. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1976 | gas phase; M |
By formula: HI + CH3I = CH4 + I2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -12.56 ± 0.13 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Golden, Walsh, et al., 1965 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | -12.67 ± 0.05 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Goy and Pritchard, 1965 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | -11.0 ± 1.3 | kcal/mol | Cm | Nichol and Ubbelohde, 1952 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: (C2H5+ • 9CH4) + CH4 = (C2H5+ • 10CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.91 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: (C3H7+ • 7CH4) + CH4 = (C3H7+ • 8CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.98 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: (C4H9+ • 8CH4) + CH4 = (C4H9+ • 9CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.86 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: (CH5+ • 8CH4) + CH4 = (CH5+ • 9CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.54 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: (Co+ • H2O) + CH4 = (Co+ • CH4 • H2O)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrS° | 27.0 | cal/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; ΔrS(525 K); M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
25.9 (+0.7,-0.) | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; ΔrS(525 K); M |
By formula: (H3O+ • CH4) + CH4 = (H3O+ • 2CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.4 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 8.1 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (Co+ • C2H6) + CH4 = (Co+ • CH4 • C2H6)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrS° | 26.4 | cal/mol*K | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; ΔrS(490 K); M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
24.4 (+1.1,-0.) | SIDT | Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993 | gas phase; ΔrS(490 K); M |
By formula: H4N+ + CH4 = (H4N+ • CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.6 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972, 2 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 15.5 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972, 2 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: HBr (g) + CH3Li (cr) = CH4 (g) + BrLi (cr)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -75.84 ± 0.48 | kcal/mol | RSC | Holm, 1974 | Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977. The reaction enthalpy was quoted from Pedley and Rylance, 1977. See Liebman, Martinho Simões, et al., 1995 for comments; MS |
By formula: 2H2 + CH2Cl2 = CH4 + 2HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -39.05 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -40.07 ± 0.30 kcal/mol; At 250 C; ALS |
(l) + (
• 100
) (solution) = 2
(g) + (
• 100
) (solution)
By formula: C2H6Zn (l) + (H2O4S • 100H2O) (solution) = 2CH4 (g) + (O4SZn • 100H2O) (solution)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -81.7 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | RSC | Carson, Hartley, et al., 1949 | Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977 and Cox and Pilcher, 1970, 2.; MS |
By formula: (CH5+ • 4CH4) + CH4 = (CH5+ • 5CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.8 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 24.8 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (CH5+ • 5CH4) + CH4 = (CH5+ • 6CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.7 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 25.3 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (CH5+ • 6CH4) + CH4 = (CH5+ • 7CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.7 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 26.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (CH5+ • 7CH4) + CH4 = (CH5+ • 8CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.0 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.6 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C2H5+ • 2CH4) + CH4 = (C2H5+ • 3CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.28 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 17.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C2H5+ • 3CH4) + CH4 = (C2H5+ • 4CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.26 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C2H5+ • 4CH4) + CH4 = (C2H5+ • 5CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.22 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C2H5+ • 5CH4) + CH4 = (C2H5+ • 6CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.21 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C2H5+ • 6CH4) + CH4 = (C2H5+ • 7CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.13 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C2H5+ • 7CH4) + CH4 = (C2H5+ • 8CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.10 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C2H5+ • 8CH4) + CH4 = (C2H5+ • 9CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.08 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.8 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C3H7+ • 2CH4) + CH4 = (C3H7+ • 3CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.26 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C3H7+ • 3CH4) + CH4 = (C3H7+ • 4CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.20 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C3H7+ • 4CH4) + CH4 = (C3H7+ • 5CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.20 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C3H7+ • 5CH4) + CH4 = (C3H7+ • 6CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.19 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C3H7+ • 6CH4) + CH4 = (C3H7+ • 7CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.16 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.8 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C4H9+ • 2CH4) + CH4 = (C4H9+ • 3CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.37 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C4H9+ • 3CH4) + CH4 = (C4H9+ • 4CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.36 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C4H9+ • 4CH4) + CH4 = (C4H9+ • 5CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.21 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C4H9+ • 5CH4) + CH4 = (C4H9+ • 6CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.09 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.3 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C4H9+ • 6CH4) + CH4 = (C4H9+ • 7CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.05 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C4H9+ • 7CH4) + CH4 = (C4H9+ • 8CH4)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.99 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.1 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993 | gas phase; M |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to CH4+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 12.61 ± 0.01 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 129.9 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 124.4 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
Appearance energy determinations
De-protonation reactions
CH3- + =
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 416.74 ± 0.70 | kcal/mol | D-EA | Ellison, Engelking, et al., 1978 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 418.0 ± 3.5 | kcal/mol | CIDT | Graul and Squires, 1990 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | >404.18 ± 0.10 | kcal/mol | G+TS | Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 414.80 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeBr3; ; ΔS(EA)=9.3; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 408.66 ± 0.80 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Ellison, Engelking, et al., 1978 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 409.9 ± 3.6 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Graul and Squires, 1990 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | >396.10 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972 | gas phase; B |
ΔrG° | 407.30 | kcal/mol | N/A | Check, Faust, et al., 2001 | gas phase; FeBr3; ; ΔS(EA)=9.3; B |
References
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Ellison, Engelking, et al., 1978
Ellison, G.B.; Engelking, P.C.; Lineberger, W.C.,
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Bohme, Lee-Ruff, et al., 1972
Bohme, D.K.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Young, L.B.,
Acidity order of selected bronsted acids in the gas phase at 300K,
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Check, Faust, et al., 2001
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Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements,
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Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1975
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Energetics, Stabilities and Possible Structures of CH5+(CH4)n Clusters from Gas Phase Study of Equilibria CH5+(CH4)n - 1 + CH4 = CH5+(CH4)n for n = 1 - 5,
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Field and Beggs, 1971
Field, F.H.; Beggs, D.P.,
Reversible Reactions of Gas Phase Ions. III. Studies with Methane at 0.1-1.0 Torr and 77-300 K,
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Hiraoka, Mori, et al., 1993
Hiraoka, K.; Mori, T.; Yamabe, S.,
The Gas-Phase Solvation of C2H5+, s-C3H7+ and s-C4H9+ with CH4. The Isomeric Structures of C2H5+ and C2H5+.CH4,
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Information on the Proton Affinity and Protolysis of Propane from Measurement of the Ion Cluster Equilibrium: C2H5+ + CH4 = C3H9+,
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Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993
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Binding Energies of Co+(H2/CH4/C2H6)1,2,3 Clusters,
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Haynes and Armentrout, 1996
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Guided Ion Beam Determination of the Co+ - H2 Bond Dissociation energy,
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. [all data]
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Holm, 1981
Holm, T.,
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J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 2419. [all data]
Martin and Finke, 1992
Martin, B.D.; Finke, R.G.,
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Hiraoka and Kebarle, 1976
Hiraoka, K.; Kebarle, P.,
Stabilities and Energetics of Pentacoordinated Carbonium Ions. The Isomeric C2H7+ Ions and Some Higher Analogues: C3H9+ and C4H11+,
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. [all data]
Golden, Walsh, et al., 1965
Golden, D.M.; Walsh, R.; Benson, S.W.,
The thermochemistry of the gas phase equilibrium I2 + CH4 «=» CH3I + HI and the heat of formation of the methyl radical,
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Goy and Pritchard, 1965
Goy, C.A.; Pritchard, H.O.,
Kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction between iodine and methane and the heat of formation of methyl iodide,
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Nichol and Ubbelohde, 1952
Nichol, R.J.; Ubbelohde, A.R.,
A thermochemical evaluation of bond strengths in some carbon compounds. part II. Bond strengths based on the reaction CH3I + HI = CH4 + I2,
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Bennet and Field, 1972
Bennet, S.L.; Field, F.H.,
Reversible Reactions of Gaseous Ions. V. The Methane - Water System at Low Temperatures,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 15, 5188, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00770a008
. [all data]
Bennet and Field, 1972, 2
Bennet, S.L.; Field, F.H.,
Reversible Reactions of Gaseous Ions. VI. The NH3 - CH4, H2S - CH4 and CF4 - CH4 Systems at Low Temperatures,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 18, 6305, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00773a009
. [all data]
Holm, 1974
Holm, T.,
J. Organometal. Chem., 1974, 77, 27. [all data]
Pedley and Rylance, 1977
Pedley, J.B.; Rylance, J.,
Computer Analysed Thermochemical Data: Organic and Organometallic Compounds, University of Sussex, Brigton, 1977. [all data]
Liebman, Martinho Simões, et al., 1995
Liebman, J.F.; Martinho Simões, J.A.; Slayden, S.W.,
In Lithium Chemistry: A Theoretical and Experimental Overview Wiley: New York, Sapse, A.-M.; Schleyer, P. von Ragué, ed(s)., 1995. [all data]
Lacher, Amador, et al., 1967
Lacher, J.R.; Amador, A.; Park, J.D.,
Reaction heats of organic compounds. Part 5.-Heats of hydrogenation of dichloromethane, 1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dichloropropane,
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Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Carson, Hartley, et al., 1949
Carson, A.S.; Hartley, K.; Skinner, H.A.,
Thermochemistry of metal alkyls. Part II.?The bond dissociation energies of some Zn?C and Cd?C bonds, and of Et?I.,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1949, 45, 1159, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9494501159
. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970, 2
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds
in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
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. [all data]
Berkowitz, Greene, et al., 1987
Berkowitz, J.; Greene, J.P.; Cho, H.; Ruscic, B.,
The ionization potentials of CH4 and CD4,
J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 674. [all data]
Chatham, Hils, et al., 1984
Chatham, H.; Hils, D.; Robertson, R.; Gallagher, A.,
Total and partial electron collisional ionization cross sections for CH4, C2H6, SiH4, and Si2H6,
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Plessis, Marmet, et al., 1983
Plessis, P.; Marmet, P.; Dutil, R.,
Ionization and appearance potentials of CH4 by electron impact,
J. Phys. B:, 1983, 16, 1283. [all data]
Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S.,
Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules
in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]
Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P.,
Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]
Selim and El-Kholy, 1975
Selim, E.T.M.; El-Kholy, S.B.,
Mass spectrometric ionization and dissociation of methane,
Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 1975, 13, 233. [all data]
Debies and Rabalais, 1975
Debies, T.P.; Rabalais, J.W.,
Calculated photoionization cross-sections and angular distributions for the isoelectronic series Ne, HF, H2O, NH3, and CH4,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 487. [all data]
Rabalais, Debies, et al., 1974
Rabalais, J.W.; Debies, T.P.; Berkosky, J.L.; Huang, J.-T.J.; Ellison, F.O.,
Calculated photoionization cross sections relative experimental photoionization intensities for a selection of small molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 516. [all data]
Morrison and Traeger, 1973
Morrison, J.D.; Traeger, J.C.,
Ionization and dissociation by electron impact. III. CH4 and SiH4,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1973, 11, 289. [all data]
Potts and Price, 1972
Potts, A.W.; Price, W.C.,
The photoelectron spectra of methane, silane germane and stannane,
Proc. R. Soc. London A:, 1972, 165. [all data]
Finney and Harrison, 1972
Finney, C.D.; Harrison, A.G.,
A third-derivative method for determining electron-impact onset potentials,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 9, 221. [all data]
Bergmark, Rabalais, et al., 1972
Bergmark, T.; Rabalais, J.W.; Werme, L.O.; Karlsson, L.; Siegbahn, K.,
High-resolution electron spectra of methane, thiophene, 2-bromothiphene, and 3-bromothiophene
in Electron Spectroscopy, ed. D.A. Shirley (North-Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam), 1972. [all data]
Rabalais, Bergmark, et al., 1971
Rabalais, J.W.; Bergmark, T.; Werme, L.O.; Karlsson, L.; Siegbahn, K.,
The Jahn-Teller effect in the electron spectrum of methane,
Phys. Scr., 1971, 3, 13. [all data]
Chupka and Berkowitz, 1971
Chupka, W.A.; Berkowitz, J.,
Photoionization of methane: ionization potential and proton affinity of CH4,
J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 4256. [all data]
Pullen, Carlson, et al., 1970
Pullen, B.P.; Carlson, T.A.; Moddeman, W.E.; Schweitzer, G.K.; Bull, W.E.,
Photoelectron spectra of methane, silane, germane, methyl fluoride, difluoromethane, and trifluoromethane,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 768. [all data]
Brundle, Robin, et al., 1970
Brundle, C.R.; Robin, M.B.; Basch, H.,
Electronic energies and electronic structures of the fluoromethanes,
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Lossing and Semeluk, 1969
Lossing, F.P.; Semeluk, G.P.,
Threshold ionization efficiency curves for monoenergetic electron impact on H2, D2, CH4 and CD4,
Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 408. [all data]
Williams and Hamill, 1968
Williams, J.M.; Hamill, W.H.,
Ionization potentials of molecules and free radicals and appearance potentials by electron impact in the mass spectrometer,
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Villarejo, Stockbauer, et al., 1968
Villarejo, D.; Stockbauer, R.; Inghram, M.G.,
Measurement of threshold electrons in the photoionization of small molecules,
Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 1968, 13, 39. [all data]
Cermak, 1968
Cermak, V.,
Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. I. Determination of ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules,
Collection Czech. Chem. Commun., 1968, 33, 2739. [all data]
Baker, Baker, et al., 1968
Baker, A.D.; Baker, C.; Brundle, C.R.; Turner, D.W.,
The electronic structures of methane, ethane, ethylene and formaldehyde studied by high-resolution molecular photoelectron spectroscopy,
Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1968, 1, 285. [all data]
Brehm, 1966
Brehm, B.,
Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung der Photoionisation von Molekulen,
Z. Naturforsch., 1966, 21a, 196. [all data]
Nicholson, 1965
Nicholson, A.J.C.,
Photoionization-efficiency curves. II. False and genuine structure,
J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 1171. [all data]
Dibeler, Krauss, et al., 1965
Dibeler, V.H.; Krauss, M.; Reese, R.M.; Harllee, F.N.,
Mass-spectrometric study of photoionization. III. Methane and methane-d4,
J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 3791. [all data]
Melton and Hamill, 1964
Melton, C.E.; Hamill, W.H.,
Appearance potentials by the retarding potential-difference method for secondary ions produced by excited-neutral, excited ion-neutral, and ion-neutral reactions,
J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 41, 1469. [all data]
Bieri and Asbrink, 1980
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L.,
30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 20, 149. [all data]
Harshbarger, Robin, et al., 1973
Harshbarger, W.R.; Robin, M.B.; Lassettre, E.N.,
The electron impact spectra of the fluoromethanes,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 319. [all data]
McCulloh and Dibeler, 1976
McCulloh, K.E.; Dibeler, V.H.,
Enthalpy of formation of methyl and methylene radicals of photoionization studies of methane and ketene,
J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 4445. [all data]
Chupka, 1968
Chupka, W.A.,
Mass-spectrometric study of the photoionization of methane,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 2337. [all data]
Stockbauer, 1977
Stockbauer, R.,
A threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence mass spectrometer for measureing ion kinetic energy release on fragmentation,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1977, 25, 89. [all data]
Lossing and Semeluk, 1970
Lossing, F.P.; Semeluk, G.P.,
Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLII.Ionization potentials and ionic heats of formation for C1-C4 alkyl radicals,
Can. J. Chem., 1970, 48, 955. [all data]
Locht, Olivier, et al., 1979
Locht, R.; Olivier, J.L.; Momigny, J.,
Dissociative autoionization as a mechanism for the proton formation from methane and methane-d4 by low energy electron impact,
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Appell and Kubach, 1971
Appell, J.; Kubach, C.,
On the formation of energetic protons by electron impact on methane,
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Notes
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy T Temperature ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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