vanadium

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas515.47kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1973
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar182.31J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1973

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Temperature (K) 3690.08 to 6000.
A 32.02881
B -9.116686
C 2.944190
D -0.190472
E 1.405524
F 505.4816
G 220.3474
H 515.4688
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in June, 1973

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid17.29kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1973
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid,1 bar36.13J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1973
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
solid28.93J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1973

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Temperature (K) 2190. to 3690.08
A 46.20391
B 1.051699×10-8
C -2.910249×10-9
D 2.733889×10-10
E 7.702494×10-9
F -15.79477
G 63.86541
H 17.28804
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in June, 1973

Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Temperature (K) 298. to 2190.
A 26.30167
B 1.396587
C 2.214139
D 0.403977
E -0.176428
F -8.520173
G 59.25297
H 0.000000
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in June, 1973

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 11vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 12vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 11V) + V = (V+ • 12V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
448.9 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 13vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 14vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 13V) + V = (V+ • 14V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
451.9 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 18vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 19vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 18V) + V = (V+ • 19V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
442.7 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 10vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 11vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 10V) + V = (V+ • 11V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
398. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 12vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 13vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 12V) + V = (V+ • 13V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
388. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 14vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 15vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 14V) + V = (V+ • 15V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
376. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 15vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 16vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 15V) + V = (V+ • 16V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
404. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 16vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 17vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 16V) + V = (V+ • 17V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
381. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 17vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 18vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 17V) + V = (V+ • 18V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
408. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 9vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 10vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 9V) + V = (V+ • 10V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
382. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 2vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 3vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 2V) + V = (V+ • 3V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
341. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 3vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 4vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 3V) + V = (V+ • 4V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
313. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 4vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 5vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 4V) + V = (V+ • 5V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
398. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 5vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 6vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 5V) + V = (V+ • 6V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
372. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 6vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 7vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 6V) + V = (V+ • 7V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
385. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 7vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 8vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 7V) + V = (V+ • 8V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
354. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 8vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 9vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 8V) + V = (V+ • 9V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
382. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 2vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • V) + V = (V+ • 2V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
219. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

Vanadium ion (1+) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • vanadium)

By formula: V+ + V = (V+ • V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
303. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to V+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)6.746 ± 0.002eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)859.4kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity836.8kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.526 ± 0.012LPESFeigerle, Corderman, et al., 1981B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
6.746 ± 0.002LSJames, Kowalczyk, et al., 1994LL
6.743EVALLide, 1992LL
6.7463LSPage and Gudeman, 1990LL
6.740SKelly, 1987LBLHLM
6.740 ± 0.002SSugar and Corliss, 1985LBLHLM
6.83PEDyke, Gravenor, et al., 1985LBLHLM
~7.5EIOwzarski and Franzen, 1974LLK
7. ± 1.EIFarber and Srivastava, 1973LLK
6.74SMoore, 1970RDSH

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Vanadium ion (1+) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • vanadium)

By formula: V+ + V = (V+ • V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
303. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 2vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • V) + V = (V+ • 2V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
219. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 2vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 3vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 2V) + V = (V+ • 3V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
341. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 3vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 4vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 3V) + V = (V+ • 4V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
313. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 4vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 5vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 4V) + V = (V+ • 5V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
398. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 5vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 6vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 5V) + V = (V+ • 6V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
372. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 6vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 7vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 6V) + V = (V+ • 7V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
385. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 7vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 8vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 7V) + V = (V+ • 8V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
354. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 8vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 9vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 8V) + V = (V+ • 9V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
382. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 9vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 10vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 9V) + V = (V+ • 10V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
382. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 10vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 11vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 10V) + V = (V+ • 11V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
398. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 11vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 12vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 11V) + V = (V+ • 12V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
448.9 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 12vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 13vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 12V) + V = (V+ • 13V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
388. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 13vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 14vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 13V) + V = (V+ • 14V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
451.9 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 14vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 15vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 14V) + V = (V+ • 15V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
376. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 15vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 16vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 15V) + V = (V+ • 16V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
404. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 16vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 17vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 16V) + V = (V+ • 17V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
381. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 17vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 18vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 17V) + V = (V+ • 18V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
408. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Vanadium ion (1+) • 18vanadium) + vanadium = (Vanadium ion (1+) • 19vanadium)

By formula: (V+ • 18V) + V = (V+ • 19V)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
442.7 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L., Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Feigerle, Corderman, et al., 1981
Feigerle, C.S.; Corderman, R.R.; Bobashev, S.V.; Lineberger, W.C., Binding Energies and Structure of Transition Metal Negative Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 3, 1580, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441289 . [all data]

James, Kowalczyk, et al., 1994
James, A.M.; Kowalczyk, P.; Langlois, E.; Campbell, M.D.; Ogawa, A.; Simard, B., Resonant two photon ionization spectroscopy of the molecules V2, VNb, and Nb2, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 4485. [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Page and Gudeman, 1990
Page, R.H.; Gudeman, C.S., Completing the iron period: Double-resonance, fluorescence-dip rydberg spectroscopy and ionization potentials of titanium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, and nickel, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1990, 1761. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Sugar and Corliss, 1985
Sugar, J.; Corliss, C., Atomic energy levels of the iron period elements: Potassium through nickel, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1985, 14. [all data]

Dyke, Gravenor, et al., 1985
Dyke, J.M.; Gravenor, B.W.J.; Hastings, M.P.; Josland, G.D.; Morris, A., Gas phase high temperature photoelectron spectroscopy: An investigation of the transition metals scandium and vanadium, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1985, 35, 65. [all data]

Owzarski and Franzen, 1974
Owzarski, T.P.; Franzen, H.F., High temperature mass spectrometry, vaporization, and thermodynamics of vanadium monosulfide, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1113. [all data]

Farber and Srivastava, 1973
Farber, M.; Srivastava, R.D., Effusion-mass spectrometric study of thermodynamic properties of vanadium and vanadium nitride, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 1973, 69, 390. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References