germanium


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas89. ± 2.kcal/molReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar40.130 ± 0.001cal/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
solid,1 bar7.431 ± 0.036cal/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

HGe (g) = Hydrogen atom (g) + germanium (g)

By formula: HGe (g) = H (g) + Ge (g)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr>53.8kcal/molPIMSRuscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990Temperature: 0 K. A value of 63.1 kcal/mol is recommended in Ruscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990.; MS

(CAS Reg. No. 64177-44-2 • 4294967295germanium) + germanium = CAS Reg. No. 64177-44-2

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 64177-44-2 • 4294967295Ge) + Ge = CAS Reg. No. 64177-44-2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr81.6 ± 2.4kcal/molN/AArnold, Xu, et al., 1995gas phase; B

(Ge3- • 4294967295germanium) + germanium = Ge3-

By formula: (Ge3- • 4294967295Ge) + Ge = Ge3-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr92.2 ± 2.5kcal/molN/ABurton, Xu, et al., 1996gas phase; B

(CAS Reg. No. 78413-15-7 • 4294967295germanium) + germanium = CAS Reg. No. 78413-15-7

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 78413-15-7 • 4294967295Ge) + Ge = CAS Reg. No. 78413-15-7

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr80.1 ± 1.4kcal/molN/ABurton, Xu, et al., 1996gas phase; B

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Ge+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)7.899 ± 0.001eVN/AN/AL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
1.232713 ± 0.000044LPDScheer, Bilodeau, et al., 1998Given: 1.232712(15) eV; B
1.2330 ± 0.0030LPESMiller, Miller, et al., 1986B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
7.900EVALLide, 1992LL
7.899SKelly, 1987LBLHLM
7.89944 ± 0.00002SBrown, Tilford, et al., 1977LLK
7.8 ± 0.5EIMuenow, 1974LLK
8.0 ± 0.3EIHildenbrand, 1972LLK
7.900SMoore, 1970RDSH

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

(Ge3- • 4294967295germanium) + germanium = Ge3-

By formula: (Ge3- • 4294967295Ge) + Ge = Ge3-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr92.2 ± 2.5kcal/molN/ABurton, Xu, et al., 1996gas phase

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Ruscic, Schwarz, et al., 1990
Ruscic, B.; Schwarz, M.; Berkowitz, J., Photoionization studies of GeHn(n = 2-4), J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 1865. [all data]

Arnold, Xu, et al., 1995
Arnold, C.C.; Xu, C.S.; Burton, G.R.; Neumark, D.M., Study of the low-lying states of Ge-2 and Ge-2(-) using negative ion zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 102, 18, 6982, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469091 . [all data]

Burton, Xu, et al., 1996
Burton, G.R.; Xu, C.; Arnold, C.C.; Neumark, D.M., Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Zero Kinetic Energy Spectroscopy of Germanium Cluster Anions, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 104, 8, 2757, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.471098 . [all data]

Scheer, Bilodeau, et al., 1998
Scheer, M.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Brodie, C.A.; Haugen, H.K., Systematic study of the stable states of C-, Si-, Ge-, and Sn- via infrared laser spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 58, 4, 2844-2856, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2844 . [all data]

Miller, Miller, et al., 1986
Miller, T.M.; Miller, A.E.S.; Lineberger, W.C., Electron Affinities of Ge and Sn, Phys. Rev. A, 1986, 33, 5, 3558, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.33.3558 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Brown, Tilford, et al., 1977
Brown, C.M.; Tilford, S.G.; Ginter, M.L., Absorption spectrum of Ge I between 1500 and 1900 Å, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1977, 67, 584. [all data]

Muenow, 1974
Muenow, D.W., Mass spectrometric determination of the heats of formation and atomization energies of the molecules Ge2N and GeSiN, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 3382. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1972
Hildenbrand, D.L., The gaseous equilibrium Ge + SiO = GeO + Si and the dissociation energy of SiO, High Temp. Sci., 1972, 4, 244. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References