germanium
- Formula: Ge
- Molecular weight: 72.64
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Ge
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7440-56-4
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°gas | 372. ± 8. | kJ/mol | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| S°gas,1 bar | 167.904 ± 0.005 | J/mol*K | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S°solid,1 bar | 31.09 ± 0.15 | J/mol*K | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to Ge+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE (evaluated) | 7.899 ± 0.001 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Electron affinity determinations
| EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.232713 ± 0.000044 | LPD | Scheer, Bilodeau, et al., 1998 | Given: 1.232712(15) eV; B |
| 1.2330 ± 0.0030 | LPES | Miller, Miller, et al., 1986 | B |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.900 | EVAL | Lide, 1992 | LL |
| 7.899 | S | Kelly, 1987 | LBLHLM |
| 7.89944 ± 0.00002 | S | Brown, Tilford, et al., 1977 | LLK |
| 7.8 ± 0.5 | EI | Muenow, 1974 | LLK |
| 8.0 ± 0.3 | EI | Hildenbrand, 1972 | LLK |
| 7.900 | S | Moore, 1970 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A.,
CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]
Scheer, Bilodeau, et al., 1998
Scheer, M.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Brodie, C.A.; Haugen, H.K.,
Systematic study of the stable states of C-, Si-, Ge-, and Sn- via infrared laser spectroscopy,
Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 58, 4, 2844-2856, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2844
. [all data]
Miller, Miller, et al., 1986
Miller, T.M.; Miller, A.E.S.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Electron Affinities of Ge and Sn,
Phys. Rev. A, 1986, 33, 5, 3558, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.33.3558
. [all data]
Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor),
Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions
in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]
Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L.,
Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]
Brown, Tilford, et al., 1977
Brown, C.M.; Tilford, S.G.; Ginter, M.L.,
Absorption spectrum of Ge I between 1500 and 1900 Å,
J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1977, 67, 584. [all data]
Muenow, 1974
Muenow, D.W.,
Mass spectrometric determination of the heats of formation and atomization energies of the molecules Ge2N and GeSiN,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 3382. [all data]
Hildenbrand, 1972
Hildenbrand, D.L.,
The gaseous equilibrium Ge + SiO = GeO + Si and the dissociation energy of SiO,
High Temp. Sci., 1972, 4, 244. [all data]
Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E.,
Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy S°gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) S°solid,1 bar Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar) ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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