gallium

• Formula: Ga
• Molecular weight: 69.723
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Ga Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7440-55-3
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Ga⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Marsh, 1987
Marsh, K.N., Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Sci. Pub., Oxford, 1987. [all data]

Anonymous, 1988
Anonymous, X., , NBS Spec. Publ. (U. S.) 260, 1988. [all data]

Williams, Carpenter, et al., 1998
Williams, W.W.; Carpenter, D.L.; Covington, A.M.; Koepnick, M.C.; Calabrese, D.; Thompson, J.S., Laser photodetachment electron spectrometry of Ga-, J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1998, 31, 8, L341-L345, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/31/8/003 . [all data]

Cha, Ganteför, et al., 1994
Cha, C.-Y.; Ganteför, G.; Eberhardt, W., The Development of the 3p and 4p Valence Band of Small Aluminum and Gallium Clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 100, 2, 995, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.466582 . [all data]

Feldmann, Rackwitz, et al., 1977
Feldmann, D.; Rackwitz, R.; Heincke, H.; Kaiser, H.J., Photoabsolung von Elektronen der Ionen B-, Ga-, In-, Tl-, Ge-, und Pb-, Z. Naturforschung A, 1977, 32, 302. [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Hirayama, Straw, et al., 1985
Hirayama, C.; Straw, R.D.; Hobgood, H.M., Equilibria over gas in the Knudsen cell range, J. Less-Common Met., 1985, 109, 331. [all data]

Kleinschmidt and Hildenbrand, 1978
Kleinschmidt, P.D.; Hildenbrand, D.L., Dissociation energies of CaI, SrI, and BaI from high temperature mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 2819. [all data]

Piacente and Balducci, 1974
Piacente, V.; Balducci, G., The dissociation energy of the molecule GaSb, High Temp. Sci., 1974, 6, 254. [all data]

Gingerich and Piacente, 1971
Gingerich, K.A.; Piacente, V., Gaseous phosphorus compounds. IV. Thermodynamic study of gallium monophosphide with a mass spectrometer and dissociation energy of aluminum diphosphide, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2498. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Johansson and Litzen, 1967
Johansson, I.; Litzen, U., The term systems of the neutral gallium and indium atorns derived from new measurements in the infrared region, Ark. Fys., 1967, 34, 573. [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°liquid,1 bar	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°solid	Entropy of solid at standard conditions
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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