gadolinium
- Formula: Gd
- Molecular weight: 157.25
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Gd
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7440-54-2
- Chemical structure:
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Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
View reactions leading to Gd+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE (evaluated) | 6.1502 ± 0.0006 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.1500 | EVAL | Lide, 1992 | LL |
| 6.1502 ± 0.0006 | LS | Worden, Solarz, et al., 1978 | LLK |
| 6.1500 ± 0.0006 | S | Martin, Zalubas, et al., 1978 | LLK |
| 6.1 ± 0.6 | EI | Fries and Cater, 1978 | LLK |
| 6.1502 ± 0.0006 | LS | Paisner, Solarz, et al., 1977 | LLK |
| 6.3 ± 0.6 | EI | Kordis and Gingerich, 1977 | LLK |
| 6.2 ± 0.1 | EI | Ackermann, Rauh, et al., 1976 | LLK |
| 6.14 ± 0.02 | S | Moore, 1970 | RDSH |
| 6.16 ± 0.05 | SI | Hertel, 1968 | RDSH |
| 5.98 ± 0.10 | EI | Zmbov and Margrave, 1966 | RDSH |
| 6.73 ± 0.09 | SI | Dey and Karmohapatro, 1966 | RDSH |
| 6.73 ± 0.09 | SI | Dresser and Hudson, 1965 | Unpublished result of P. Sivgals and D.E. Hudson; RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor),
Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions
in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]
Worden, Solarz, et al., 1978
Worden, E.F.; Solarz, R.W.; Paisner, J.A.; Conway, J.G.,
First ionization potentials of lanthanides by laser spectroscopy,
J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1978, 68, 52. [all data]
Martin, Zalubas, et al., 1978
Martin, W.C.; Zalubas, R.; Hagan, L.,
Atomic energy levels - the rare earth elements,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1978, 60. [all data]
Fries and Cater, 1978
Fries, J.A.; Cater, E.D.,
Vaporization, thermodynamics, and dissociation energy of gadolinium monosulfide: Systematics of vaporization of the rare earth monosulfides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 3978. [all data]
Paisner, Solarz, et al., 1977
Paisner, J.A.; Solarz, R.W.; Worden, E.F.; Conway, J.G.,
IV. Highly excited states, ionization, and high intensity interactions Identification of Rydberg state in the atomic lanthanides and actinides,
Springer Ser. Opt. Sci., 1977, 7, 160. [all data]
Kordis and Gingerich, 1977
Kordis, J.; Gingerich, K.A.,
Mass spectrometric observations of some polyatomic gaseous rare earth oxides their atomization energies,
J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 483. [all data]
Ackermann, Rauh, et al., 1976
Ackermann, R.J.; Rauh, E.G.; Thorn, R.J.,
The thermodynamics of ionization of gaseous oxides; the first ionization potentials of the lanthanide metals and monoxides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1027. [all data]
Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E.,
Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]
Hertel, 1968
Hertel, G.R.,
Surface ionization. III. The first ionization potentials of the lanthanides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 2053. [all data]
Zmbov and Margrave, 1966
Zmbov, K.F.; Margrave, J.L.,
The first ionization potentials of samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, and ytterbium by the electron-impact method,
J. Phys. Chem., 1966, 70, 3014. [all data]
Dey and Karmohapatro, 1966
Dey, S.D.; Karmohapatro, S.B.,
Determination of ionization potential of Gd and Ho by surface ionization method,
Indian J. Phys., 1966, 40, 151. [all data]
Dresser and Hudson, 1965
Dresser, M.J.; Hudson, D.E.,
Surface ionization of some rare earths on tungsten,
Phys. Rev., 1965, 137, A673. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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