cobalt
- Formula: Co
- Molecular weight: 58.933195
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7440-48-4
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
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- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | 101.98 | kcal/mol | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in September, 1967 |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°gas,1 bar | 42.904 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in September, 1967 |
Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
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Temperature (K) | 3184.943 to 6000. |
---|---|
A | 9.737871 |
B | -2.021201 |
C | 0.368042 |
D | -0.015581 |
E | -2.664771 |
F | 94.94410 |
G | 50.88841 |
H | 101.9780 |
Reference | Chase, 1998 |
Comment | Data last reviewed in September, 1967 |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: C4HCoO4 (g) = 0.5H2 (g) + 4CO (g) + Co (cr)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 30.38 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | EqG | Bronshstein, Gankin, et al., 1966 | Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977 and Cox and Pilcher, 1970. Temperature range: ca. 423-533 K; MS |
C12Co4O12 (cr) = 12 (g) + 4
(cr)
By formula: C12Co4O12 (cr) = 12CO (g) + 4Co (cr)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 123.8 ± 3.3 | kcal/mol | TD-HFC | Connor, Skinner, et al., 1973 | MS |
ΔrH° | 123.4 ± 3.3 | kcal/mol | HAL-HFC | Connor, Skinner, et al., 1973 | MS |
By formula: (Co+ • 10Co) + Co = (Co+ • 11Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
78.6 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 11Co) + Co = (Co+ • 12Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
83.9 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 12Co) + Co = (Co+ • 13Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
72.4 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 13Co) + Co = (Co+ • 14Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
90.8 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 14Co) + Co = (Co+ • 15Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
84.8 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 15Co) + Co = (Co+ • 16Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
82.7 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 16Co) + Co = (Co+ • 17Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
88.7 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 9Co) + Co = (Co+ • 10Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
75.0 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 2Co) + Co = (Co+ • 3Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
49.0 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 3Co) + Co = (Co+ • 4Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
65.5 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 4Co) + Co = (Co+ • 5Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
76.2 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 5Co) + Co = (Co+ • 6Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
67.6 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 6Co) + Co = (Co+ • 7Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
72.4 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 7Co) + Co = (Co+ • 8Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
67.6 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • 8Co) + Co = (Co+ • 9Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
68.1 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Co+ • Co) + Co = (Co+ • 2Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
48.1 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: C8Co2O8 (cr) = 8CO (g) + 2Co (cr)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 87.0 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | TD-HFC | Connor, Skinner, et al., 1973 | Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977.; MS |
By formula: Co+ + Co = (Co+ • Co)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
63.8 | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
(CAS Reg. No. 104120-67-4 • 4294967295) +
= CAS Reg. No. 104120-67-4
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 104120-67-4 • 4294967295Co) + Co = CAS Reg. No. 104120-67-4
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 50.1 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | N/A | Leopold and Lineberger, 1986 | gas phase; B |
(CAS Reg. No. 64899-90-7 • 4294967295) +
= CAS Reg. No. 64899-90-7
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 64899-90-7 • 4294967295Co) + Co = CAS Reg. No. 64899-90-7
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 37.7 ± 3.1 | kcal/mol | N/A | Miller, Feigerle, et al., 1987 | gas phase; B |
+
= C5H5Co-
By formula: C5H5- + Co = C5H5Co-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 7.00 ± 0.60 | kcal/mol | N/A | Sunderlin and Squires, 1999 | gas phase; B |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to Co+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 7.8810 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 177.5 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 172.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
0.66330 ± 0.00061 | N/A | Scheer, Brodie, et al., 1998 | B |
0.6620 ± 0.0030 | LPES | Leopold and Lineberger, 1986 | B |
0.662 ± 0.010 | LPES | Corderman, Engelking, et al., 1979 | B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
7.8810 | EVAL | Lide, 1992 | LL |
7.8810 | LS | Page and Gudeman, 1990 | LL |
7.864 | S | Kelly, 1987 | LBLHLM |
7.86 ± 0.06 | S | Sugar and Corliss, 1985 | LBLHLM |
7.86 | PE | Dyke, Gravenor, et al., 1982 | LBLHLM |
7.86 | S | Moore, 1970 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr.,
NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]
Bronshstein, Gankin, et al., 1966
Bronshstein, Yu.E.; Gankin, V.Yu.; Krinkin, D.P.; Rudkovskii, D.M.,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1966, 40, 802. [all data]
Pedley and Rylance, 1977
Pedley, J.B.; Rylance, J.,
Computer Analysed Thermochemical Data: Organic and Organometallic Compounds, University of Sussex, Brigton, 1977. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds
in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]
Connor, Skinner, et al., 1973
Connor, J.A.; Skinner, H.A.; Virmani, Y.,
High temperature microcalorimetric studies of the thermal decomposition and iodination of polynuclear carbonyls of Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Re, Os and Ir,
Faraday Symp. Chem. Soc., 1973, 8, 18, https://doi.org/10.1039/fs9730800018
. [all data]
Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L.,
Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]
Leopold and Lineberger, 1986
Leopold, D.G.; Lineberger, W.C.,
A study of the low-lying electronic states of Fe2 and Co2 by negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy,
J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 85, 51. [all data]
Miller, Feigerle, et al., 1987
Miller, A.E.S.; Feigerle, C.S.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Laser photoelectron spectroscopy of CrH-, CoH-, and NiH-: Periodic trends in the electronic structure of the transition-metal hydrides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 1549. [all data]
Sunderlin and Squires, 1999
Sunderlin, L.S.; Squires, R.R.,
Bond strengths in cyclopentadienyl metal carbonyl anions,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1999, 183, 149-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14230-6
. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Scheer, Brodie, et al., 1998
Scheer, M.; Brodie, C.A.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Haugen, H.K.,
Laser spectroscopic measurements of binding energies and fine-structure splittings of Co-, Ni-, Rh-, and Pd-,
Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 58, 3, 2051-2062, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2051
. [all data]
Corderman, Engelking, et al., 1979
Corderman, R.R.; Engelking, P.C.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Laser photoelectron spectrometry of Co- and Ni-,
J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 4474. [all data]
Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor),
Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions
in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]
Page and Gudeman, 1990
Page, R.H.; Gudeman, C.S.,
Completing the iron period: Double-resonance, fluorescence-dip rydberg spectroscopy and ionization potentials of titanium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, and nickel,
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1990, 1761. [all data]
Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L.,
Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]
Sugar and Corliss, 1985
Sugar, J.; Corliss, C.,
Atomic energy levels of the iron period elements: Potassium through nickel,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1985, 14. [all data]
Dyke, Gravenor, et al., 1982
Dyke, J.M.; Gravenor, B.W.J.; Lewis, R.A.; Morris, A.,
Gas-phase high temperature photoelectron spectroscopy: An investigation of the transition metals iron, cobalt, and nickel,
J. Phys. B:, 1982, 15, 4523. [all data]
Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E.,
Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy S°gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) T Temperature ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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