barium

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas42.801kcal/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1970
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar40.691cal/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1970

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

View table.

Temperature (K) 2119. to 4000.4000. to 6000.
A -148.9524183.9885
B 102.6771-67.98733
C -23.186839.886855
D 1.786344-0.508865
E 116.6833-404.6463
F 257.3518-398.1238
G 4.532529-6.284871
H 42.7999542.79995
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in December, 1970 Data last reviewed in December, 1970

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid1.19kcal/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1970
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid,1 bar15.85cal/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1970
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
solid14.93cal/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1970

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

View table.

Temperature (K) 1000. to 2118.599
A 13.14871
B -4.465464
C 0.659044
D 0.306924
E 0.722357
F -2.011788
G 32.26028
H 1.191487
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in December, 1970

Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

View table.

Temperature (K) 298. to 583.583. to 768.768. to 1000.
A 20.0291118.335426.251243
B -97.08078-44.834376.835899
C 218.706070.67663-5.660517
D -124.2364-27.230401.661609
E -0.045854-1.0383560.248889
F -3.496989-6.108055-1.386501
G 59.2351845.1558321.50944
H 0.0000000.0000000.000000
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in December, 1970 Data last reviewed in December, 1970 Data last reviewed in December, 1970

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
1257. to 1911.4.076177599.352-45.737Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Ba+ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Reference Comment
0.144620 ± 0.000044Petrunin, Volstad, et al., 1995EA may be to an excited Ba state; B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
5.21170EVALLide, 1992LL
5.3 ± 0.3EILau, Brittain, et al., 1989LL
5.17 ± 0.08EIRauh and Ackermann, 1979LLK
5.0 ± 0.3EIKleinschmidt and Hildenbrand, 1978LLK
5.0PEHildenbrand, 1977LLK
5.1 ± 0.2EIHilpert, Naoumidis, et al., 1975LLK
5.22 ± 0.03PEBrehm and Hofler, 1975LLK
5.2 ± 0.1EIRauh and Ackermann, 1974LLK
~5.2EIOkudaira, 1970RDSH
5.21169 ± 0.000007EIMoore, 1970RDSH

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Petrunin, Volstad, et al., 1995
Petrunin, V.V.; Volstad, J.D.; Balling, P.; Kristensen, K.; Andersen, T., Resonant Ionization Spectroscopy of Ba-: Metastable and Stable Ions, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1995, 75, 10, 1911, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1911 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Lau, Brittain, et al., 1989
Lau, K.H.; Brittain, R.D.; Hildenbrand, D.L., High temperature thermodynamic studies of some gaseous thorium fluorides, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 1158. [all data]

Rauh and Ackermann, 1979
Rauh, E.G.; Ackermann, R.J., The first ionization potentials of the transition metals, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 1004. [all data]

Kleinschmidt and Hildenbrand, 1978
Kleinschmidt, P.D.; Hildenbrand, D.L., Dissociation energies of CaI, SrI, and BaI from high temperature mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 2819. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1977
Hildenbrand, D.L., Dissociation energies of CaBr, SrBr, BaBr, and BaCl from mass spectrometric studies of gaseous equilibria, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 3526. [all data]

Hilpert, Naoumidis, et al., 1975
Hilpert, K.; Naoumidis, A.; Wolff, G., Mass spectrometric study of the evaporation of BaAl2O4, High Temp. Sci., 1975, 7, 1. [all data]

Brehm and Hofler, 1975
Brehm, B.; Hofler, K., The 21.22-eV photoelectron spectrum of barium, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1975, 17, 371. [all data]

Rauh and Ackermann, 1974
Rauh, E.G.; Ackermann, R.J., First ionization potentials of some refractory oxide vapors, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1396. [all data]

Okudaira, 1970
Okudaira, S., Multiple ionization of Ca, Sr and Ba by electron impact, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 1970, 29, 409. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References