tungsten
- Formula: W
- Molecular weight: 183.84
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/W
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7440-33-7
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°gas | 203.40 | kcal/mol | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1966 |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| S°gas,1 bar | 41.577 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1966 |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°liquid | 11.21 | kcal/mol | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1966 |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| S°liquid,1 bar | 10.92 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1966 |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| S°solid | 7.806 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in June, 1966 |
Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
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| Temperature (K) | 3680. to 6000. |
|---|---|
| A | 8.500010 |
| B | -3.708750×10-8 |
| C | 6.967620×10-9 |
| D | -4.521329×10-10 |
| E | -9.817642×10-8 |
| F | 5.474240 |
| G | 17.25280 |
| H | 11.20840 |
| Reference | Chase, 1998 |
| Comment | Data last reviewed in June, 1966 |
Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
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| Temperature (K) | 298. to 1900. | 1900. to 3680. |
|---|---|---|
| A | 5.726411 | -5.395890 |
| B | 0.630899 | 21.57739 |
| C | 0.300610 | -10.58114 |
| D | -0.060861 | 1.715256 |
| E | -0.011570 | -5.759417 |
| F | -1.776590 | -2.384974 |
| G | 14.47010 | -3.404566 |
| H | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| Reference | Chase, 1998 | Chase, 1998 |
| Comment | Data last reviewed in June, 1966 | Data last reviewed in June, 1966 |
Reaction thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: José A. Martinho Simões
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
(cr) = 6
(g) +
(cr)
By formula: C6O6W (cr) = 6CO (g) + W (cr)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 71.4 ± 1.1 | kcal/mol | TD-HFC, HAL-HFC | Al-Takhin, Connor, et al., 1984 | The reaction enthalpy corresponds to the TD experiments and leads to -229.9 ± 1.1 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of formation. The value -960±3 was recommended by the authors Al-Takhin, Connor, et al., 1984. Other values for the enthalpy of sublimation have been reported: 17.5 ± 0.2 kcal/mol Adedeji, Brown, et al., 1975, 17.7 ± 1.0 kcal/mol Hieber and Romberg, 1935, 16.7 ± 1.0 kcal/mol Rezukhina and Shvyrev, 1952, and 18.9 ± 0.26 kcal/mol Daamen, Ernsting, et al., 1979 Boxhoorn, Ernsting, et al., 1980. See also Pilcher, Ware, et al., 1975 |
| ΔrH° | 70.77 ± 0.43 | kcal/mol | TD-HZC | Barnes, Pilcher, et al., 1974 | Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977 and Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1977. |
C9H9N3O3W (cr) = 0.5 (g) + 0.5
(cr) + 3
(g)
By formula: C9H9N3O3W (cr) = 0.5C6O6W (g) + 0.5W (cr) + 3C2H3N (g)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 46.6 | kcal/mol | TD-HFC | Adedeji, Connor, et al., 1978 | The value for the reaction enthalpy corresponds to the thermal decomposition experiments and leads to -99.2 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of formation of W(CO)3(MeCN)3(cr). The value -405.0±12.0 was recommended by the authors Adedeji, Connor, et al., 1978 |
Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to W+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE (evaluated) | 7.98 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Electron affinity determinations
| EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.816265 ± 0.000074 | LPD | Lindahl, Andersson, et al., 2010 | Given: 6583.6(6) cm-1; B |
| 0.8170 ± 0.0040 | LPES | Bengali, Casey, et al., 1992 | B |
| 0.8160 ± 0.0080 | LPES | Feigerle, Corderman, et al., 1981 | B |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.98 | EVAL | Lide, 1992 | LL |
| 7.49 ± 0.08 | EI | Rauh and Ackermann, 1979 | LLK |
| 7.98 | S | Moore, 1970 | RDSH |
| 7.98 | S | Moore, 1970 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr.,
NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]
Al-Takhin, Connor, et al., 1984
Al-Takhin, G.; Connor, J.A.; Pilcher, G.; Skinner, H.A.,
J. Organomet. Chem., 1984, 265, 263. [all data]
Adedeji, Brown, et al., 1975
Adedeji, F.A.; Brown, D.L.S.; Connor, J.A.; Leung, M.; Paz-Andrade, I.M.; Skinner, H.A.,
J. Organometal. Chem., 1975, 97, 221. [all data]
Hieber and Romberg, 1935
Hieber, W.; Romberg, E.,
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1935, 221, 321. [all data]
Rezukhina and Shvyrev, 1952
Rezukhina, T.N.; Shvyrev, V.V.,
Vestn. Moskov. Univ., 1952, 7, 41. [all data]
Daamen, Ernsting, et al., 1979
Daamen, H.; Ernsting, J.M.; Oskam, A.,
Thermochim. Acta, 1979, 33, 217. [all data]
Boxhoorn, Ernsting, et al., 1980
Boxhoorn, G.; Ernsting, J.M.; Stufkens, D.J.; Oskam, A.,
Thermochim. Acta, 1980, 42, 315. [all data]
Pilcher, Ware, et al., 1975
Pilcher, G.; Ware, M.J.; Pittam, D.A.,
J. Less-Common Met., 1975, 42, 223. [all data]
Barnes, Pilcher, et al., 1974
Barnes, D.S.; Pilcher, G.; Pittam, D.A.; Skinner, H.A.; Todd, D.,
J. Less-Common Met., 1974, 38, 53. [all data]
Pedley and Rylance, 1977
Pedley, J.B.; Rylance, J.,
Computer Analysed Thermochemical Data: Organic and Organometallic Compounds, University of Sussex, Brigton, 1977. [all data]
Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1977
Tel'noi, V.I.; Rabinovich, I.B.,
Russ. Chem. Rev., 1977, 46, 689. [all data]
Adedeji, Connor, et al., 1978
Adedeji, F.A.; Connor, J.A.; Demain, C.P.; Martinho Simões, J.A.; Skinner, H.A.; Zafarani- Moattar, M.T.,
J. Organometal. Chem., 1978, 149, 333. [all data]
Lindahl, Andersson, et al., 2010
Lindahl, A.O.; Andersson, P.; Diehl, C.; Forstner, O.; Klason, P.; Hanstorp, D.,
The electron affinity of tungsten,
Eur. Phys. J. D, 2010, 60, 2, 219-222, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2010-00199-y
. [all data]
Bengali, Casey, et al., 1992
Bengali, A.A.; Casey, S.M.; Cheng, C.-L.; Dick, J.P.; Fenn, T.; Villaalta, P.W.; Leopold, D.G.,
Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Coordinatively Unsaturated Group VI Metal Carbonyls: Cr(CO)3, Mo(CO)3, and W(CO)3,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 13, 5257, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00039a043
. [all data]
Feigerle, Corderman, et al., 1981
Feigerle, C.S.; Corderman, R.R.; Bobashev, S.V.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Binding Energies and Structure of Transition Metal Negative Ions,
J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 3, 1580, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441289
. [all data]
Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor),
Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions
in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]
Rauh and Ackermann, 1979
Rauh, E.G.; Ackermann, R.J.,
The first ionization potentials of the transition metals,
J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 1004. [all data]
Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E.,
Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy S°gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) S°liquid,1 bar Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar) S°solid Entropy of solid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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