titanium

• Formula: Ti
• Molecular weight: 47.867
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Ti Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7440-32-6
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

( • 11) +  = ( • 12)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 11Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 12Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 17) +  = ( • 18)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 17Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 18Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 10) +  = ( • 11)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 10Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 11Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 12) +  = ( • 13)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 12Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 13Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 13) +  = ( • 14)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 13Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 14Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 14) +  = ( • 15)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 14Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 15Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 15) +  = ( • 16)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 15Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 16Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 16) +  = ( • 17)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 16Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 17Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 18) +  = ( • 19)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 18Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 19Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 19) +  = ( • 20)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 19Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 20Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 20) +  = ( • 21)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 20Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 21Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 9) +  = ( • 10)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 9Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 10Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 2Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 3Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 3Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 4Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 4Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 5Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 5Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 6Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 6Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 7Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 7) +  = ( • 8)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 7Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 8Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 8) +  = ( • 9)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 8Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 9Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 2Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + Ti = (Ti⁺ • Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Ti⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + Ti = (Ti⁺ • Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 2Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 2Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 3Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 3Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 4Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 4Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 5Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 5Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 6Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 6Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 7Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 7) +  = ( • 8)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 7Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 8Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 8) +  = ( • 9)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 8Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 9Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 9) +  = ( • 10)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 9Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 10Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 10) +  = ( • 11)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 10Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 11Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 11) +  = ( • 12)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 11Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 12Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 12) +  = ( • 13)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 12Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 13Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 13) +  = ( • 14)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 13Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 14Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 14) +  = ( • 15)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 14Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 15Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 15) +  = ( • 16)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 15Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 16Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 16) +  = ( • 17)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 16Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 17Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 17) +  = ( • 18)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 17Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 18Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 18) +  = ( • 19)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 18Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 19Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 19) +  = ( • 20)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 19Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 20Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 20) +  = ( • 21)

By formula: (Ti⁺ • 20Ti) + Ti = (Ti⁺ • 21Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L., Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Ilin, Sakharov, et al., 1987
Ilin, R.N.; Sakharov, V.I.; Serenkov, I.T., Study of Titanium Negative Ion Using Method of Electron Detachment by an Electric Field, Opt. Spectros. (USSR), 1987, 62, 578. [all data]

Feigerle, Corderman, et al., 1981
Feigerle, C.S.; Corderman, R.R.; Bobashev, S.V.; Lineberger, W.C., Binding Energies and Structure of Transition Metal Negative Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 3, 1580, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441289 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Page and Gudeman, 1990
Page, R.H.; Gudeman, C.S., Completing the iron period: Double-resonance, fluorescence-dip rydberg spectroscopy and ionization potentials of titanium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, and nickel, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1990, 1761. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Sugar and Corliss, 1985
Sugar, J.; Corliss, C., Atomic energy levels of the iron period elements: Potassium through nickel, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1985, 14. [all data]

Dyke, Gravenor, et al., 1984
Dyke, J.M.; Gravenor, B.W.J.; Josland, G.D.; Lewis, R.A.; Morris, A., A gas phase investigation of titanium monoxide and atomic titanium using high temperature photoelectron spectroscopy, Mol. Phys., 1984, 53, 465. [all data]

Banon, Chatillon, et al., 1982
Banon, S.; Chatillon, C.; Allibert, M., High temperature mass spectrometric study of ionization and fragmentation of TiO and TiO₂ gas under electron impact, High Temp. Sci., 1982, 15, 17. [all data]

Rauh and Ackermann, 1979
Rauh, E.G.; Ackermann, R.J., The first ionization potentials of the transition metals, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 1004. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1977
Hildenbrand, D.L., Dissociation energy of samarium monoxide and its relation to that of europium monoxide, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 48, 340. [all data]

Rauh and Ackermann, 1974
Rauh, E.G.; Ackermann, R.J., First ionization potentials of some refractory oxide vapors, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1396. [all data]

Cocke and Gingerich, 1974
Cocke, D.L.; Gingerich, K.A., Thermodynamic investigation of the gaseous molecules TiRh, Rh₂, and Ti₂Rh by mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1958. [all data]

Cocke and Gingerich, 1972
Cocke, D.L.; Gingerich, K.A., Determination of the heats of atomization of the molecules RhC₂, RhC, and TiC₂ by high temperature mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 3654. [all data]

Balducci, De Maria, et al., 1972
Balducci, G.; De Maria, G.; Guido, M.; Piacente, V., Dissociation energy of TiO and TiO₂ gaseous molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 3422. [all data]

Edwards, Franzen, et al., 1971
Edwards, J.G.; Franzen, H.F.; Gilles, P.W., High-temperature mass spectrometry, vaporization, and thermodynamics of titanium monosulfide, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 545. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Mesnard, Uzan, et al., 1966
Mesnard, G.; Uzan, R.; Cabaud, B., Etude au spectrometre de masse des produits d'evaporation du bioxyde de titane et du titanate de baryum, Rev. Phys. Appl., 1966, 1, 123. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°liquid,1 bar	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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