titanium


Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas473. ± 3.kJ/molReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
Δfgas473.63kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1979
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar180.298 ± 0.010J/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
gas,1 bar180.30J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1979

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Temperature (K) 3630.956 to 6000.
A 9.274255
B 6.092113
C 0.577095
D -0.110364
E 6.504405
F 483.0093
G 204.1566
H 473.6288
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in June, 1979

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

(Titanium ion (1+) • 11titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 12titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 11Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 12Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
469.9 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 17titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 18titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 17Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 18Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
449.8 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 10titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 11titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 10Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 11Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
406. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 12titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 13titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 12Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 13Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
321. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 13titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 14titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 13Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 14Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
400. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 14titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 15titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 14Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 15Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
360. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 15titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 16titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 15Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 16Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
344. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 16titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 17titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 16Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 17Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
318. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 18titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 19titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 18Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 19Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
409. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 19titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 20titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 19Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 20Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
395. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 20titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 21titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 20Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 21Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
410. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 9titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 10titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 9Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 10Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
344. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 2titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 3titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 2Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 3Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
338. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 3titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 4titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 3Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 4Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
340. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 4titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 5titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 4Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 5Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
354. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 5titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 6titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 5Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 6Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
400. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 6titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 7titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 6Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 7Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
278. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 7titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 8titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 7Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 8Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
346. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • 8titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 9titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • 8Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 9Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
335. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Titanium ion (1+) • titanium) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • 2titanium)

By formula: (Ti+ • Ti) + Ti = (Ti+ • 2Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
230. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

Titanium ion (1+) + titanium = (Titanium ion (1+) • titanium)

By formula: Ti+ + Ti = (Ti+ • Ti)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
244. CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Ti+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)6.8282eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)876.kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity853.7kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.0870 ± 0.0070EFDIlin, Sakharov, et al., 1987B
0.080 ± 0.014LPESFeigerle, Corderman, et al., 1981B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
6.8282EVALLide, 1992LL
6.8282LSPage and Gudeman, 1990LL
6.82SKelly, 1987LBLHLM
6.820 ± 0.006SSugar and Corliss, 1985LBLHLM
6.01PEDyke, Gravenor, et al., 1984LBLHLM
6.8 ± 0.2EIBanon, Chatillon, et al., 1982LBLHLM
6.78 ± 0.02EIRauh and Ackermann, 1979LLK
6.7EIHildenbrand, 1977LLK
6.8 ± 0.1EIRauh and Ackermann, 1974LLK
7.3 ± 0.6EICocke and Gingerich, 1974LLK
7.3 ± 0.6EICocke and Gingerich, 1972LLK
7.4 ± 0.5EIBalducci, De Maria, et al., 1972LLK
6.6 ± 0.5EIEdwards, Franzen, et al., 1971LLK
6.8204SMoore, 1970RDSH
6.6 ± 0.2EIMesnard, Uzan, et al., 1966RDSH

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L., Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Ilin, Sakharov, et al., 1987
Ilin, R.N.; Sakharov, V.I.; Serenkov, I.T., Study of Titanium Negative Ion Using Method of Electron Detachment by an Electric Field, Opt. Spectros. (USSR), 1987, 62, 578. [all data]

Feigerle, Corderman, et al., 1981
Feigerle, C.S.; Corderman, R.R.; Bobashev, S.V.; Lineberger, W.C., Binding Energies and Structure of Transition Metal Negative Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 3, 1580, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441289 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Page and Gudeman, 1990
Page, R.H.; Gudeman, C.S., Completing the iron period: Double-resonance, fluorescence-dip rydberg spectroscopy and ionization potentials of titanium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, and nickel, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1990, 1761. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Sugar and Corliss, 1985
Sugar, J.; Corliss, C., Atomic energy levels of the iron period elements: Potassium through nickel, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1985, 14. [all data]

Dyke, Gravenor, et al., 1984
Dyke, J.M.; Gravenor, B.W.J.; Josland, G.D.; Lewis, R.A.; Morris, A., A gas phase investigation of titanium monoxide and atomic titanium using high temperature photoelectron spectroscopy, Mol. Phys., 1984, 53, 465. [all data]

Banon, Chatillon, et al., 1982
Banon, S.; Chatillon, C.; Allibert, M., High temperature mass spectrometric study of ionization and fragmentation of TiO and TiO2 gas under electron impact, High Temp. Sci., 1982, 15, 17. [all data]

Rauh and Ackermann, 1979
Rauh, E.G.; Ackermann, R.J., The first ionization potentials of the transition metals, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 1004. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1977
Hildenbrand, D.L., Dissociation energy of samarium monoxide and its relation to that of europium monoxide, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 48, 340. [all data]

Rauh and Ackermann, 1974
Rauh, E.G.; Ackermann, R.J., First ionization potentials of some refractory oxide vapors, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1396. [all data]

Cocke and Gingerich, 1974
Cocke, D.L.; Gingerich, K.A., Thermodynamic investigation of the gaseous molecules TiRh, Rh2, and Ti2Rh by mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1958. [all data]

Cocke and Gingerich, 1972
Cocke, D.L.; Gingerich, K.A., Determination of the heats of atomization of the molecules RhC2, RhC, and TiC2 by high temperature mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 3654. [all data]

Balducci, De Maria, et al., 1972
Balducci, G.; De Maria, G.; Guido, M.; Piacente, V., Dissociation energy of TiO and TiO2 gaseous molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 3422. [all data]

Edwards, Franzen, et al., 1971
Edwards, J.G.; Franzen, H.F.; Gilles, P.W., High-temperature mass spectrometry, vaporization, and thermodynamics of titanium monosulfide, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 545. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Mesnard, Uzan, et al., 1966
Mesnard, G.; Uzan, R.; Cabaud, B., Etude au spectrometre de masse des produits d'evaporation du bioxyde de titane et du titanate de baryum, Rev. Phys. Appl., 1966, 1, 123. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References