thulium
- Formula: Tm
- Molecular weight: 168.93421
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Tm
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7440-30-4
- Chemical structure:
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- Information on this page:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
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Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to Tm+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE (evaluated) | 6.18431 ± 0.00006 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Electron affinity determinations
| EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.029 ± 0.022 | LPES | Davis and Thompson, 2002 | B |
| 0.0320 ± 0.0070 | EFD | Nadeau, Garwan, et al., 1997 | B |
Ionization energy determinations
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.18431 | EVAL | Lide, 1992 | LL |
| 6.18431 ± 0.00006 | S | Martin, Zalubas, et al., 1978 | LLK |
| 6.1 ± 0.1 | EI | Ackermann, Rauh, et al., 1976 | LLK |
| 5.7 | EI | Seiver and Eick, 1971 | LLK |
| 6.180 ± 0.008 | PI | Parr, 1971 | LLK |
| 6.03 ± 0.04 | SI | Hertel, 1968 | RDSH |
| 5.87 ± 0.10 | EI | Zmbov and Margrave, 1966 | RDSH |
| 6.18 ± 0.02 | S | Reader and Sugar, 1966 | RDSH |
| 6.18 ± 0.02 | S | Reader and Sugar, 1966 | RDSH |
| 6.22 ± 0.02 | S | Camus and Blaise, 1965 | RDSH |
| 6.15 ± 0.02 | SI | Alekseev and Kaminskii, 1965 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Davis and Thompson, 2002
Davis, V.T.; Thompson, J.S.,
Measurement of the electron affinity of thulium - art. no. 010501,
Phys. Rev. A, 2002, 65, 101501. [all data]
Nadeau, Garwan, et al., 1997
Nadeau, M.-J.; Garwan, M.A.; Zhao, X.-L.; Litherland, A.E.,
A Negative Ion Survey; Toward the Completion of the Periodic Table of the Negative Ions,
Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B, 1997, 123, 1-4, 521-526, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00749-5
. [all data]
Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor),
Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions
in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]
Martin, Zalubas, et al., 1978
Martin, W.C.; Zalubas, R.; Hagan, L.,
Atomic energy levels - the rare earth elements,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1978, 60. [all data]
Ackermann, Rauh, et al., 1976
Ackermann, R.J.; Rauh, E.G.; Thorn, R.J.,
The thermodynamics of ionization of gaseous oxides; the first ionization potentials of the lanthanide metals and monoxides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1027. [all data]
Seiver and Eick, 1971
Seiver, R.L.; Eick, H.A.,
Vapor pressure measurements in the samarium dicarbide-carbon and thulium dicarbide-carbon systems,
High Temp. Sci., 1971, 3, 292. [all data]
Parr, 1971
Parr, A.C.,
Photoionization of europium and thulium: threshold to 1350 A,
J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 3161. [all data]
Hertel, 1968
Hertel, G.R.,
Surface ionization. III. The first ionization potentials of the lanthanides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 2053. [all data]
Zmbov and Margrave, 1966
Zmbov, K.F.; Margrave, J.L.,
The first ionization potentials of samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, and ytterbium by the electron-impact method,
J. Phys. Chem., 1966, 70, 3014. [all data]
Reader and Sugar, 1966
Reader, J.; Sugar, J.,
Ionization energies of the neutral rare earths,
J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1966, 56, 1189. [all data]
Camus and Blaise, 1965
Camus, P.; Blaise, J.,
Nouvelle determination du potential d'ionisation du spectre d'arc du thulium,
Compt. Rend., 1965, 261, 4359. [all data]
Alekseev and Kaminskii, 1965
Alekseev, N.I.; Kaminskii, D.L.,
Ionization of some rare earth elements on the surfaces of tungsten, rhenium, and iridium,
Zh. Tekhn. Fiz. 1964,34,1521 (Engl. Transl.: Soviet Phys. - Tech. Phys., 1965, 9, 1177). [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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