thorium

• Formula: Th
• Molecular weight: 232.03806
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Th Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7440-29-1
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • References
  • Notes
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to Th⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Trautmann, 1994
Trautmann, N., Accurate determination of the first ionization potential of actinides by laser spectroscopy, J. Alloys Compd., 1994, 213/214, 28. [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Johnson, Fearey, et al., 1992
Johnson, S.G.; Fearey, B.L.; Miller, C.M.; Nogar, N.S., Resonance ionization mass spectrometry of thorium: Determination of the autoionization level structure and a re-determination of the ionization potential, Spectrochim. Acta Part B, 1992, 47, 633. [all data]

Lau and Hildenbrand, 1990
Lau, K.H.; Hildenbrand, D.L., High-temperature equilibrium studies of the gaseous thorium chlorides, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 6124. [all data]

Lau, Brittain, et al., 1989
Lau, K.H.; Brittain, R.D.; Hildenbrand, D.L., High temperature thermodynamic studies of some gaseous thorium fluorides, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 1158. [all data]

Lee and Potts, 1980
Lee, E.P.F.; Potts, A.W., The VUV photoelectron spectra of atomic In and Tl, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 19, 65. [all data]

Gupta and Gingerich, 1980
Gupta, S.K.; Gingerich, K.A., A thermodynamic study of the gaseous thorium carbides, ThC, ThC₂, ThC₃, ThC₄, ThC₅, and ThC₆, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 72, 2795. [all data]

Gingerich and Gupta, 1978
Gingerich, K.A.; Gupta, K.A., Dissociation energies of the molecules RhTh and RhU from high temperature mass spectrometry and predicted thermodynamic stabilities of selected diatomic actinide-platinum metal intermetallic molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 69, 505. [all data]

Sugar, 1974
Sugar, J., Revised ionization energies of the neutral actinides, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 4103. [all data]

Rauh and Ackermann, 1974
Rauh, E.G.; Ackermann, R.J., First ionization potentials of some refractory oxide vapors, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 1396. [all data]

Neubert and Zmbov, 1974
Neubert, A.; Zmbov, K.F., Mass spectrometric determination of the dissociation energy of the ThO molecule, High Temp. Sci., 1974, 6, 303. [all data]

Hildenbrand and Murad, 1974
Hildenbrand, D.L.; Murad, E., Ionization potential of thorium, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 5466. [all data]

Hildenbrand and Murad, 1974, 2
Hildenbrand, D.L.; Murad, E., Mass spectrometric studies of gaseous ThO and ThO₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 1232. [all data]

Sugar, 1973
Sugar, J., Ionization energies of the neutral actinides, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 788. [all data]

Ackermann and Rauh, 1973
Ackermann, R.J.; Rauh, E.G., High temperature properties of the thorium-oxygen system: a revision of the thermodynamic properties of ThO(g) and ThO₂(g), High Temp. Sci., 1973, 5, 463. [all data]

Smith and Hertel, 1969
Smith, D.H.; Hertel, G.R., First ionization potentials of Th, Np, and Pu by surface ionization, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 51, 3105. [all data]

Ionov and Mittsev, 1961
Ionov, N.I.; Mittsev, M.A., Atomic first ionization potentials determined by the method of surface ionization, Zh. Eksperim. i Teor. Fiz. 1961,40,741 (Engl. Transl.: Soviet Phys. JETP, 1961, 13, 518). [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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