sodium

• Formula: Na
• Molecular weight: 22.98976928
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Na Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7440-23-5
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

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• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

0.5 (solution) +  (cr) = C₈H₅CrNaO₃ (solution)

By formula: 0.5C₁₆H₁₀Cr₂O₆ (solution) + Na (cr) = C₈H₅CrNaO₃ (solution)

0.5C₁₆H₁₀Mo₂O₆ (solution) +  (cr) = C₈H₅MoNaO₃ (solution)

By formula: 0.5C₁₆H₁₀Mo₂O₆ (solution) + Na (cr) = C₈H₅MoNaO₃ (solution)

0.5C₂₆H₃₀Mo₂O₆ (solution) +  (cr) = C₁₃H₁₅MoNaO₃ (solution)

By formula: 0.5C₂₆H₃₀Mo₂O₆ (solution) + Na (cr) = C₁₃H₁₅MoNaO₃ (solution)

0.5C₁₆H₁₀O₆W₂ (solution) +  (cr) = C₈H₅NaO₃W (solution)

By formula: 0.5C₁₆H₁₀O₆W₂ (solution) + Na (cr) = C₈H₅NaO₃W (solution)

0.5 (solution) +  (cr) = C₄CoNaO₄ (solution)

By formula: 0.5C₈Co₂O₈ (solution) + Na (cr) = C₄CoNaO₄ (solution)

4 +  = 2 +  + 3

By formula: 4Na + C₂ClF₃ = 2C + ClNa + 3FNa

(CAS Reg. No. 58799-98-7 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 58799-98-7

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 58799-98-7 • 4294967295Na) + Na = CAS Reg. No. 58799-98-7

 + 4 = 4 + 8

By formula: C₄F₈ + 4Na = 4C + 8FNa

( • 8) +  = ( • 9)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 8Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 9Na)

(CAS Reg. No. 67291-87-6 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 67291-87-6

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 67291-87-6 • 4294967295Na) + Na = CAS Reg. No. 67291-87-6

(CAS Reg. No. 71892-04-1 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 71892-04-1

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 71892-04-1 • 4294967295Na) + Na = CAS Reg. No. 71892-04-1

 (solution) +  (cr) = C₁₃H₁₀NaO (solution)

By formula: C₁₃H₁₀O (solution) + Na (cr) = C₁₃H₁₀NaO (solution)

( • 4294967295) +  =

By formula: (I^- • 4294967295Na) + Na = I^-

(CAS Reg. No. 70377-22-9 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 70377-22-9

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 70377-22-9 • 4294967295Na) + Na = CAS Reg. No. 70377-22-9

( • 10) +  = ( • 11)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 10Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 11Na)

( • 11) +  = ( • 12)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 11Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 12Na)

( • 12) +  = ( • 13)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 12Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 13Na)

( • 13) +  = ( • 14)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 13Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 14Na)

( • 14) +  = ( • 15)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 14Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 15Na)

( • 15) +  = ( • 16)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 15Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 16Na)

( • 16) +  = ( • 17)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 16Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 17Na)

( • 17) +  = ( • 18)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 17Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 18Na)

( • 18) +  = ( • 19)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 18Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 19Na)

( • 19) +  = ( • 20)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 19Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 20Na)

( • 22) +  = ( • 23)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 22Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 23Na)

( • 23) +  = ( • 24)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 23Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 24Na)

( • 24) +  = ( • 25)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 24Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 25Na)

( • 25) +  = ( • 26)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 25Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 26Na)

( • 26) +  = ( • 27)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 26Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 27Na)

( • 27) +  = ( • 28)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 27Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 28Na)

( • 28) +  = ( • 29)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 28Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 29Na)

( • 29) +  = ( • 30)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 29Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 30Na)

( • 30) +  = ( • 31)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 30Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 31Na)

( • 31) +  = ( • 32)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 31Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 32Na)

( • 32) +  = ( • 33)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 32Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 33Na)

( • 33) +  = ( • 34)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 33Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 34Na)

( • 34) +  = ( • 35)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 34Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 35Na)

( • 35) +  = ( • 36)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 35Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 36Na)

( • 9) +  = ( • 10)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 9Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 10Na)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 2Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 3Na)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 3Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 4Na)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 4Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 5Na)

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 5Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 6Na)

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 6Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 7Na)

( • 7) +  = ( • 8)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 7Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 8Na)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ • Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 2Na)

4 +  =  + 4

By formula: 4Na + CF₄ = C + 4FNa

 + 4 = 4 + 2

By formula: C₂F₄ + 4Na = 4FNa + 2C

8 +  = 3 + 8

By formula: 8Na + C₃F₈ = 3C + 8FNa

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Na⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

( • 4294967295) +  =

By formula: (I^- • 4294967295Na) + Na = I^-

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ • Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 2Na)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 2Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 3Na)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 3Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 4Na)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 4Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 5Na)

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 5Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 6Na)

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 6Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 7Na)

( • 7) +  = ( • 8)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 7Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 8Na)

( • 8) +  = ( • 9)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 8Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 9Na)

( • 9) +  = ( • 10)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 9Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 10Na)

( • 10) +  = ( • 11)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 10Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 11Na)

( • 11) +  = ( • 12)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 11Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 12Na)

( • 12) +  = ( • 13)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 12Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 13Na)

( • 13) +  = ( • 14)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 13Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 14Na)

( • 14) +  = ( • 15)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 14Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 15Na)

( • 15) +  = ( • 16)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 15Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 16Na)

( • 16) +  = ( • 17)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 16Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 17Na)

( • 17) +  = ( • 18)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 17Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 18Na)

( • 18) +  = ( • 19)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 18Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 19Na)

( • 19) +  = ( • 20)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 19Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 20Na)

( • 22) +  = ( • 23)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 22Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 23Na)

( • 23) +  = ( • 24)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 23Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 24Na)

( • 24) +  = ( • 25)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 24Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 25Na)

( • 25) +  = ( • 26)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 25Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 26Na)

( • 26) +  = ( • 27)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 26Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 27Na)

( • 27) +  = ( • 28)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 27Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 28Na)

( • 28) +  = ( • 29)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 28Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 29Na)

( • 29) +  = ( • 30)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 29Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 30Na)

( • 30) +  = ( • 31)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 30Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 31Na)

( • 31) +  = ( • 32)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 31Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 32Na)

( • 32) +  = ( • 33)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 32Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 33Na)

( • 33) +  = ( • 34)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 33Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 34Na)

( • 34) +  = ( • 35)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 34Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 35Na)

( • 35) +  = ( • 36)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 35Na) + Na = (Na⁺ • 36Na)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Honig and Kramer, 1969
Honig, R.E.; Kramer, D.A., Vapor pressure data for the solid and liquid elements, RCA Rev., 1969, 1969, 285. [all data]

Marsh, 1987
Marsh, K.N., Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Sci. Pub., Oxford, 1987. [all data]

Rodebush and Walters, 1930
Rodebush, W.H.; Walters, E.G., The Vapor Pressure and Vapor Density of Sodium, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 7, 2654-2665, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01370a011 . [all data]

Kiss, Nolan, et al., 1994
Kiss, G.; Nolan, S.P.; Hoff, C.D., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1994, 227, 285. [all data]

Kolesov, Zenkov, et al., 1963
Kolesov, V.P.; Zenkov, I.D.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpy of formation of chlorotrifluoroethylene, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1963, 37, 115-116. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

McHugh, Eaton, et al., 1989
McHugh, K.M.; Eaton, J.G.; Lee, G.H.; Sarkas, H.W.; Kidder, L.H.; Snodgrass, J.T.; Manaa, M.R.; Bowen, K.H., Photoelectron Spectra of the alkali metal cluster Anions: Na-,n=2-5, K-,n=2-7, Rb-,n=2-3, and Cs-,n=2-3, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 6, 3792, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456861 . [all data]

Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1968
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M., Enthalpy of formation of some specimens of amorphous carbon, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1968, 42, 1218-1220. [all data]

Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1964
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpy of formation of perfluorocyclobutane, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1964, 38, 930-931. [all data]

Brechignac, Cahuzac, et al., 1989
Brechignac, C.; Cahuzac, P.; Leygnier, J.; Weiner, J., Dynamics of Unimolecular Dissociation of Sodium Cluster Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 3, 1492, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456675 . [all data]

Miller, Leopold, et al., 1986
Miller, T.M.; Leopold, D.G.; Murray, K.K.; Lineberger, W.C., Electron Affinities of the Alkali Halides and the Structure of their Negative Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 85, 5, 2368, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.451091 . [all data]

Vorob'ev and Skuratov, 1960
Vorob'ev, A.F.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpies of formation of CF₄, Zh. Neorg. Khim., 1960, 5, 1398-1401. [all data]

Kolesov, Zenkov, et al., 1962
Kolesov, V.P.; Zenkov, I.D.; Skuratov, S.M., The standard enthalpy of formation of tetrafluoroethylene, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1962, 36, 45-47. [all data]

Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1967
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpy of formation of perfluoropropane and enthalpies of formation of normal perfluoroalkanes, Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Khim., 1967, 22, 38-42. [all data]

Patterson, Hotop, et al., 1974
Patterson, T.A.; Hotop, H.; Kasdan, A.; Norcross, D.W.; Lineberger, W.C., Resonances in Alkali Negative-Ion Photodetachment and Electron Affinities of the Corresponding Neutrals, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1974, 32, 5, 189, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.32.189 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Peterson, Dao, et al., 1984
Peterson, K.I.; Dao, P.D.; Farley, R.W.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Photoionization of sodium clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 1780. [all data]

Zmbov, Wu, et al., 1977
Zmbov, K.F.; Wu, C.H.; Ihle, H.R., A mass spectrometric study of heteronuclear diatomic alkali metal molecules. Dissociation energies ionization potentials of NaLi, KLi, NaK, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 4603. [all data]

Gingerich and Miller, 1975
Gingerich, K.A.; Miller, F., Thermodynamic study of gaseous sodium-phosphorus-oxygen ternary molecules by high temperature mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 1211. [all data]

Semenov, Volkov, et al., 1973
Semenov, G.A.; Volkov, A.D.; Franktseva, K.E., Mass-spectrometric study of sodium carbonate vaporization, Tr. Leningrad. Tekhnol. Inst. Tsellyul. Bum. Prom., 1973, 30, 153. [all data]

Piacente and Gingerich, 1972
Piacente, V.; Gingerich, K.A., Thermodynamic study of the molecule NaAg with a mass spectrometer, High Temp. Sci., 1972, 4, 312. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°liquid,1 bar	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°solid	Entropy of solid at standard conditions
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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