niobium


Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas175.20kcal/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1973
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar44.524cal/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1973

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 5131. to 6000.
A -3498.327
B 1228.910
C -161.4106
D 7.539436
E 11390.30
F 10163.38
G 1480.418
H 175.2000
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in December, 1973

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid7.087kcal/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1973
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid,1 bar11.30cal/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1973
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
solid8.717cal/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in December, 1973

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 2750. to 5130.824
A 8.000001
B 0.000001
C -1.163347×10-8
D -1.085402×10-8
E 0.000014
F 2.835995
G 18.34025
H 7.085732
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in December, 1973

Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 298. to 2750.
A 5.261544
B 2.363327
C -1.350032
D 0.420576
E 0.005220
F -1.644573
G 14.46558
H 0.000000
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in December, 1973

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Niobium ion (1+) + niobium = (Niobium ion (1+) • niobium)

By formula: Nb+ + Nb = (Nb+ • Nb)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr136.kcal/molCIDLoh, Lian, et al., 1988gas phase; approximate value

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
136.0 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Niobium ion (1+) • 9niobium) + niobium = (Niobium ion (1+) • 10niobium)

By formula: (Nb+ • 9Nb) + Nb = (Nb+ • 10Nb)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
143.4 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Niobium ion (1+) • 2niobium) + niobium = (Niobium ion (1+) • 3niobium)

By formula: (Nb+ • 2Nb) + Nb = (Nb+ • 3Nb)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
141.0 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Niobium ion (1+) • 3niobium) + niobium = (Niobium ion (1+) • 4niobium)

By formula: (Nb+ • 3Nb) + Nb = (Nb+ • 4Nb)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
133.1 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Niobium ion (1+) • 4niobium) + niobium = (Niobium ion (1+) • 5niobium)

By formula: (Nb+ • 4Nb) + Nb = (Nb+ • 5Nb)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
135.8 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Niobium ion (1+) • 5niobium) + niobium = (Niobium ion (1+) • 6niobium)

By formula: (Nb+ • 5Nb) + Nb = (Nb+ • 6Nb)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
155.4 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Niobium ion (1+) • 6niobium) + niobium = (Niobium ion (1+) • 7niobium)

By formula: (Nb+ • 6Nb) + Nb = (Nb+ • 7Nb)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
141.5 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Niobium ion (1+) • 7niobium) + niobium = (Niobium ion (1+) • 8niobium)

By formula: (Nb+ • 7Nb) + Nb = (Nb+ • 8Nb)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
138.2 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Niobium ion (1+) • 8niobium) + niobium = (Niobium ion (1+) • 9niobium)

By formula: (Nb+ • 8Nb) + Nb = (Nb+ • 9Nb)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
144.4 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

(Niobium ion (1+) • niobium) + niobium = (Niobium ion (1+) • 2niobium)

By formula: (Nb+ • Nb) + Nb = (Nb+ • 2Nb)

Enthalpy of reaction

ΔrH° (kcal/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
117.1 CIDArmentrout and Kickel, 1994gas phase; guided ion beam CID

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Nb+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)6.75885 ± 0.00004eVN/AN/AL

Electron affinity determinations

EA (eV) Method Reference Comment
0.894 ± 0.025LPESFeigerle, Corderman, et al., 1981B

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
6.75885EVALLide, 1992LL
6.75885 ± 0.00004LSRayner, Mitchell, et al., 1987LBLHLM
6.61 ± 0.05EIRauh and Ackermann, 1979LLK
10.1 ± 1.0EIGupta and Gingerich, 1978LLK
6.88SMoore, 1970RDSH

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Loh, Lian, et al., 1988
Loh, S.K.; Lian, L.; Hales, D.A.; Armentrout, P.B., Collision - Induced Dissociation Processes of Nb4+ and Fe4+: Fission vs Evaporation, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 89, 1, 610, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.455455 . [all data]

Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L., Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]

Feigerle, Corderman, et al., 1981
Feigerle, C.S.; Corderman, R.R.; Bobashev, S.V.; Lineberger, W.C., Binding Energies and Structure of Transition Metal Negative Ions, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 3, 1580, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441289 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Rayner, Mitchell, et al., 1987
Rayner, D.M.; Mitchell, S.A.; Bourne, O.L.; Hackett, P.A., First-ionization potential of niobium and molybdenum by double-resonance, field-ionization spectroscopy, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1987, 4, 900. [all data]

Rauh and Ackermann, 1979
Rauh, E.G.; Ackermann, R.J., The first ionization potentials of the transition metals, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 1004. [all data]

Gupta and Gingerich, 1978
Gupta, S.K.; Gingerich, K.A., Mass spectrometric observation dissociation energy of the gaseous molecule MoNb, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 69, 4318. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]


Notes

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