nickel
- Formula: Ni
- Molecular weight: 58.6934
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7440-02-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: C4NiO4 (g) = 4CO (g) + Ni (cr)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 160.4 ± 2.5 | kJ/mol | EqG | Monteil, Raffin, et al., 1988 | The reaction enthalpy is the average of several 2nd and 3rd law results Monteil, Raffin, et al., 1988; MS |
CNiO (g) = (g) +
(g)
By formula: CNiO (g) = CO (g) + Ni (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 170. ± 24. | kJ/mol | FA-SIFT | Sunderlin, Wang, et al., 1992 | MS |
ΔrH° | 108. | kJ/mol | N/A | McQuaid, Morris, et al., 1988 | Method: Chemiluminescence spectroscopy.; MS |
ΔrH° | 121. ± 63. | kJ/mol | N/A | Stevens, Feigerle, et al., 1982 | Please also see Compton and Stockdale, 1976. Method: LPS and collision with low energy electrons.; MS |
By formula: 4CO (g) + Ni (cr) = C4NiO4 (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -152.7 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | EqG | Sykes and Townshend, 1955 | Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977 and Cox and Pilcher, 1970. Temperatures: 398 and 409 K. The reaction enthalpy was obtained by the 3rd law method and refers to 298 K; MS |
(solution) = 2
(solution) +
(cr)
By formula: (Ni(C8H12)2) (solution) = 2C8H12 (solution) + Ni (cr)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -12.6 ± 4.2 | kJ/mol | RSC | Tolman, Reutter D.W., et al., 1976 | solvent: Toluene; The toluene solution contained catalytic amounts of carbon tetrachloride.; MS |
By formula: (Ni+ • 10Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 11Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
335. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 11Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 12Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
352. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 12Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 13Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
299. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 13Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 14Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
334. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 14Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 15Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
338. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 15Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 16Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
354. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 16Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 17Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
341. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 9Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 10Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
293. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 2Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 3Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
199. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 3Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 4Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
223. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 4Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 5Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
275. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 5Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 6Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
296. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 6Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 7Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
265. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 7Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 8Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
283. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • 8Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 9Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
283. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: (Ni+ • Ni) + Ni = (Ni+ • 2Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
235. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: Ni+ + Ni = (Ni+ • Ni)
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
204. | CID | Armentrout and Kickel, 1994 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
(CAS Reg. No. 64899-92-9 • 4294967295) +
= CAS Reg. No. 64899-92-9
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 64899-92-9 • 4294967295Ni) + Ni = CAS Reg. No. 64899-92-9
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 191.6 ± 3.1 | kJ/mol | N/A | Miller, Feigerle, et al., 1987 | gas phase; B |
(CAS Reg. No. 71736-54-4 • 4294967295) +
= CAS Reg. No. 71736-54-4
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 71736-54-4 • 4294967295Ni) + Ni = CAS Reg. No. 71736-54-4
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 210. ± 21. | kJ/mol | N/A | Ho, Polak, et al., 1993 | gas phase; B |
By formula: F12NiP4 (l) = Ni (cr) + 4F3P (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 194.2 ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | HAL-HFC | Brown and Connor, 1974 | MS |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to Ni+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 7.6398 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 737. | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 714.1 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
1.160 ± 0.050 | LPES | Liu, Zhai, et al., 2002 | B |
1.15717 ± 0.00013 | N/A | Scheer, Brodie, et al., 1998 | B |
1.157 ± 0.010 | LPES | Corderman, Engelking, et al., 1979 | B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
7.6398 | EVAL | Lide, 1992 | LL |
7.6398 | LS | Page and Gudeman, 1990 | LL |
7.638 | S | Kelly, 1987 | LBLHLM |
7.6374 ± 0.0012 | S | Sugar and Corliss, 1985 | LBLHLM |
7.61 | PE | Dyke, Gravenor, et al., 1982 | LBLHLM |
7.6 ± 0.2 | EI | Clements and Sale, 1976 | LLK |
7.635 | S | Moore, 1970 | RDSH |
References
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Monteil, Raffin, et al., 1988
Monteil, Y.; Raffin, P.; Bouix, J.,
Thermochim. Acta, 1988, 125, 327. [all data]
Sunderlin, Wang, et al., 1992
Sunderlin, L.S.; Wang, D.; Squires, R.R.,
Metal Carbonyl Bond Strengths in Fe(CO)n- and Ni(CO)n-,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 8, 2788, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00034a004
. [all data]
McQuaid, Morris, et al., 1988
McQuaid, M.J.; Morris, K.; Gole, J.L.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 5280. [all data]
Stevens, Feigerle, et al., 1982
Stevens, A.E.; Feigerle, C.S.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Laser Photoelectron Spectrometry of Ni(CO)n-, n=1-3,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 19, 5026, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00383a004
. [all data]
Compton and Stockdale, 1976
Compton, R.N.; Stockdale, J.A.D.,
Formation of gas phase negative ions in Fe(CO)5 and Ni(CO)4,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1976, 22, 47. [all data]
Sykes and Townshend, 1955
Sykes, K.W.; Townshend, S.C.,
J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 2528.. [all data]
Pedley and Rylance, 1977
Pedley, J.B.; Rylance, J.,
Computer Analysed Thermochemical Data: Organic and Organometallic Compounds, University of Sussex, Brigton, 1977. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds
in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]
Tolman, Reutter D.W., et al., 1976
Tolman, C.A.; Reutter D.W.; Seidel, W.C.,
J. Organometal. Chem., 1976, 117, C30. [all data]
Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L.,
Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]
Miller, Feigerle, et al., 1987
Miller, A.E.S.; Feigerle, C.S.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Laser photoelectron spectroscopy of CrH-, CoH-, and NiH-: Periodic trends in the electronic structure of the transition-metal hydrides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 1549. [all data]
Ho, Polak, et al., 1993
Ho, J.; Polak, M.L.; Ervin, K.M.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Nickel Group Dimers - Ni2(-), Pd2(-), and Pt2(-),
J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 99, 11, 8542, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.465577
. [all data]
Brown and Connor, 1974
Brown, D.L.S.; Connor, J.A.,
Skinner, H. A. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 1974, 70, 1649. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Liu, Zhai, et al., 2002
Liu, S.R.; Zhai, H.J.; Wang, L.S.,
Evolution of the electronic properties of small Ni-n(-) (n=1- 100) clusters by photoelectron spectroscopy,
J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 117, 21, 9758-9765, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1519008
. [all data]
Scheer, Brodie, et al., 1998
Scheer, M.; Brodie, C.A.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Haugen, H.K.,
Laser spectroscopic measurements of binding energies and fine-structure splittings of Co-, Ni-, Rh-, and Pd-,
Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 58, 3, 2051-2062, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2051
. [all data]
Corderman, Engelking, et al., 1979
Corderman, R.R.; Engelking, P.C.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Laser photoelectron spectrometry of Co- and Ni-,
J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 4474. [all data]
Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor),
Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions
in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]
Page and Gudeman, 1990
Page, R.H.; Gudeman, C.S.,
Completing the iron period: Double-resonance, fluorescence-dip rydberg spectroscopy and ionization potentials of titanium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, and nickel,
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1990, 1761. [all data]
Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L.,
Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]
Sugar and Corliss, 1985
Sugar, J.; Corliss, C.,
Atomic energy levels of the iron period elements: Potassium through nickel,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1985, 14. [all data]
Dyke, Gravenor, et al., 1982
Dyke, J.M.; Gravenor, B.W.J.; Lewis, R.A.; Morris, A.,
Gas-phase high temperature photoelectron spectroscopy: An investigation of the transition metals iron, cobalt, and nickel,
J. Phys. B:, 1982, 15, 4523. [all data]
Clements and Sale, 1976
Clements, P.J.; Sale, F.R.,
A mass spectrometric study of nickel tetracarbonyl, iron pentacarbonyl and binary mixtures of these compounds,
Metall. Trans. B:, 1976, 7, 171. [all data]
Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E.,
Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra,
Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy T Temperature ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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