Aluminum

• Formula: Al
• Molecular weight: 26.9815386
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/Al Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7429-90-5
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Other names: Aluminium
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
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• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Liquid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Solid Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₇₂H₁₀₀CoN₁₈O₁₇P (solution) =  (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₇₂H₁₀₀CoN₁₈O₁₇P (solution) = C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P (solution) + Al (solution)

(CAS Reg. No. 158445-17-1 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 158445-17-1

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 158445-17-1 • 4294967295Al) + Al = CAS Reg. No. 158445-17-1

(CAS Reg. No. 161173-70-2 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 161173-70-2

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 161173-70-2 • 4294967295Al) + Al = CAS Reg. No. 161173-70-2

( • 10) +  = ( • 11)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 10Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 11Al)

( • 11) +  = ( • 12)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 11Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 12Al)

( • 12) +  = ( • 13)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 12Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 13Al)

( • 13) +  = ( • 14)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 13Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 14Al)

( • 14) +  = ( • 15)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 14Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 15Al)

( • 15) +  = ( • 16)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 15Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 16Al)

( • 9) +  = ( • 10)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 9Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 10Al)

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 6Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 7Al)

( • 8) +  = ( • 9)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 8Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 9Al)

(CAS Reg. No. 56448-64-7 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 56448-64-7

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 56448-64-7 • 4294967295Al) + Al = CAS Reg. No. 56448-64-7

(CAS Reg. No. 166899-79-2 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 166899-79-2

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 166899-79-2 • 4294967295Al) + Al = CAS Reg. No. 166899-79-2

(AlO^- • 4294967295) +  = AlO^-

By formula: (AlO^- • 4294967295Al) + Al = AlO^-

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 5Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 6Al)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 2Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 3Al)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 3Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 4Al)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 4Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 5Al)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Al⁺ • Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 2Al)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + Al = (Al⁺ • Al)

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess

View reactions leading to Al⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Electron affinity determinations

Ionization energy determinations

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + Al = (Al⁺ • Al)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Al⁺ • Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 2Al)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 2Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 3Al)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 3Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 4Al)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 4Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 5Al)

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 5Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 6Al)

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 6Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 7Al)

( • 8) +  = ( • 9)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 8Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 9Al)

( • 9) +  = ( • 10)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 9Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 10Al)

( • 10) +  = ( • 11)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 10Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 11Al)

( • 11) +  = ( • 12)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 11Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 12Al)

( • 12) +  = ( • 13)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 12Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 13Al)

( • 13) +  = ( • 14)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 13Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 14Al)

( • 14) +  = ( • 15)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 14Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 15Al)

( • 15) +  = ( • 16)

By formula: (Al⁺ • 15Al) + Al = (Al⁺ • 16Al)

(AlO^- • 4294967295) +  = AlO^-

By formula: (AlO^- • 4294967295Al) + Al = AlO^-

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Honig and Kramer, 1969
Honig, R.E.; Kramer, D.A., Vapor pressure data for the solid and liquid elements, RCA Rev., 1969, 1969, 285. [all data]

Anonymous, 1988
Anonymous, X., , NBS Spec. Publ. (U. S.) 260, 1988. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Nakajima, Taguwa, et al., 1995
Nakajima, A.; Taguwa, T.; Nakao, K.; Hoshino, K.; Iwata, S.; Kaya, K., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of AlnS1- Clusters (n=1-9), J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 102, 2, 660, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469178 . [all data]

Jarrold, Ray, et al., 1990
Jarrold, M.F.; Ray, U.; Bower, J.E.; Creegan, K.M., Photodissociation of Metal Cluster Ions. Dissociation Energies and Optical Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1990, 86, 13, 2537, https://doi.org/10.1039/ft9908602537 . [all data]

Villalta and Leopold, 2009
Villalta, P.W.; Leopold, D.G., A study of the ground and excited states of Al-3 and Al-3(-). I. 488 nm anion photoelectron spectrum, J. Chem. Phys., 2009, 130, 2, 024303, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2973625 . [all data]

Nakajima, Zhang, et al., 1995
Nakajima, A.; Zhang, N.; Kawamata, H.; Hayase, T.; Nakao, K.; Kaya, K., Photoelectron spectroscopy and mass distributions of aluminum-sulfur cluster anions (AlnSm-), Chem. Phys. Lett., 1995, 241, 4, 295, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(95)00653-L . [all data]

Desai, Wu, et al., 1996
Desai, S.R.; Wu, H.; Wang, L.-S., Vibrationally Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of AlO- and AlO2-, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1996, 159, 1-3, 75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1176(96)04443-6 . [all data]

Hanley, Ruatta, et al., 1987
Hanley, L.; Ruatta, S.A.; Anderson, S.L., Collision - Induced Dissciation of Aluminum Cluster Ions: Fragmentation Patterns, Bond Energies, and Structures for Al2+ - Al7+, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87, 1, 260, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.453623 . [all data]

Scheer, Bilodeau, et al., 1998
Scheer, M.; Bilodeau, RC; Thogresen, J.; Haugen, HK, Threshold Photodetachment of Al-: Electron Affinity and Fine Structure, Phys. Rev. A, 1998, 57, 3, R1493-, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.57.R1493 . [all data]

Feigerle, Corderman, et al., 1981
Feigerle, C.S.; Corderman, R.R.; Lineberger, W.C., Electron affinities of B, Al, Bi, and Pb, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 2, 1513, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441174 . [all data]

Lide, 1992
Lide, D.R. (Editor), Ionization potentials of atoms and atomic ions in Handbook of Chem. and Phys., 1992, 10-211. [all data]

Kelly, 1987
Kelly, R.L., Atomic and ionic spectrum lines of hydrogen through kryton, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16. [all data]

Ho and Burns, 1980
Ho, P.; Burns, R.P., A mass spectrometric study of the AlO₂ molecule, High Temp. Sci., 1980, 12, 31. [all data]

Kleinschmidt and Hildenbrand, 1978
Kleinschmidt, P.D.; Hildenbrand, D.L., Dissociation energies of CaI, SrI, and BaI from high temperature mass spectrometry, J. Chem. Phys., 1978, 68, 2819. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1977
Hildenbrand, D.L., Dissociation energies of CaBr, SrBr, BaBr, and BaCl from mass spectrometric studies of gaseous equilibria, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 3526. [all data]

Hildenbrand, 1977, 2
Hildenbrand, D.L., Dissociation energy of samarium monoxide and its relation to that of europium monoxide, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1977, 48, 340. [all data]

Paule, 1976
Paule, R.C., Mass spectrometric studies of Al₂O₃ vaporization processes, High Temp. Sci., 1976, 8, 257. [all data]

Cocke and Gingerich, 1971
Cocke, D.L.; Gingerich, K.A., Mass spectrometric determination of the dissociation energies of the molecules Ho₂, HoAg, and HoAu, J. Phys. Chem., 1971, 75, 3264. [all data]

Moore, 1970
Moore, C.E., Ionization potentials and ionization limits derived from the analyses of optical spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., (U.S. Natl. Bur. Stand.), 1970, 34, 1. [all data]

Eriksson and Isberg, 1963
Eriksson, K.B.S.; Isberg, H.B.S., The spectrum of atomic aluminium, Al I, Ark. Fys., 1963, 23, 527. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  EA	Electron affinity
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°liquid,1 bar	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  S°solid	Entropy of solid at standard conditions
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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