1-Butanol

Formula: C₄H₁₀O
Molecular weight: 74.1216
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H10O/c1-2-3-4-5/h5H,2-4H2,1H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 71-36-3
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Butyl alcohol; n-Butan-1-ol; n-Butanol; n-Butyl alcohol; Butyl hydroxide; CCS 203; Hemostyp; Methylolpropane; Propylcarbinol; n-C4H9OH; Butanol; Butan-1-ol; 1-Hydroxybutane; Alcool butylique; Butanolo; Butylowy alkohol; Butyric alcohol; Propylmethanol; Butanolen; 1-Butyl alcohol; Rcra waste number U031; Butanol-1; NSC 62782
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	-277. ± 5.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 13 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_gas	361.98	J/mol*K	N/A	Chao J., 1986	Other values of S(298.15 K) based on low-temperature thermal measurements are (in J/mol*K): 363.17 [65COU/HAL], 362.33 [ Chermin H.A.G., 1961], and 361.9 [ Buckley E., 1967].; GT

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
42.54	50.	Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997	p=1 bar. Recommended S(T) and Cp(T) values agree with those calculated by [ Chermin H.A.G., 1961] within 1.5 J/molK. S(T) values calculated by [ Dyatkina M.E., 1954] are different from values given here by 12-30 J/molK. Please also see Chao J., 1986.; GT
58.33	100.
70.10	150.
81.28	200.
100.68	273.15
108.03 ± 0.25	298.15
108.58	300.
138.16	400.
164.42	500.
186.38	600.
204.83	700.
220.56	800.
234.15	900.
245.93	1000.
256.18	1100.
265.10	1200.
272.86	1300.
279.63	1400.
285.54	1500.
297.3	1750.
305.8	2000.
312.2	2250.
316.9	2500.
320.5	2750.
323.2	3000.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
140.93 ± 0.79	395.25	Stromsoe E., 1970	Ideal gas heat capacities are given by [ Stromsoe E., 1970] as a linear function Cp=f1(a+bT). This expression approximates the experimental values with the average deviation of 0.79 J/molK. The accuracy of the experimental heat capacities [ Stromsoe E., 1970] is estimated as less than 0.3%.; GT
137.88	398.15
143.00 ± 0.79	404.15
144.16 ± 0.79	409.15
142.06	413.15
146.58 ± 0.79	419.55
149.26 ± 0.79	431.05
147.42	433.15
151.60 ± 0.79	441.15
152.66	453.15
155.88 ± 0.79	459.55
162.55 ± 0.79	488.25
169.95 ± 0.79	520.05
175.97 ± 0.79	545.95
181.20 ± 0.79	568.45
189.31 ± 0.79	603.35

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₄H₉O^- + = 1-Butanol

By formula: C₄H₉O^- + H⁺ = C₄H₁₀O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1570. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	CIDC	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δ_rH°	1571. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	G+TS	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	1569. ± 12.	kJ/mol	G+TS	Boand, Houriet, et al., 1983	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1543. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	H-TS	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δ_rG°	1543. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rG°	1541. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDC	Boand, Houriet, et al., 1983	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

C₄H₁₁O⁺ + 1-Butanol = (C₄H₁₁O⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₁₁O⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (C₄H₁₁O⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	132.	kJ/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	129.	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	93.3	kJ/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

C₃H₉Si⁺ + 1-Butanol = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	185.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	130.	J/mol*K	N/A	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
124.	468.	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₃H₉Sn⁺ + 1-Butanol = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	153.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	136.	J/mol*K	N/A	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
81.6	525.	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CH₆N⁺ + 1-Butanol = (CH₆N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (CH₆N⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	98.3	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
44.4	495.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₄H₁₀O = (F^- • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	135. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	108.	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	103. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; B,M

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₄H₁₀O = (Cl^- • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	73.6 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	97.1	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	44.8 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (Na⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	109. ± 5.0	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 1999	RCD

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
82.4	298.	IMRE	McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000	Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

+ = 1-Butanol

By formula: C₄H₈O + H₂ = C₄H₁₀O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-81.88 ± 0.75	kJ/mol	Cm	Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991	liquid phase; ALS
Δ_rH°	-70.5 ± 1.3	kJ/mol	Chyd	Buckley and Cox, 1967	gas phase; ALS

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: C₆H₅S^- + C₄H₁₀O = (C₆H₅S^- • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	61.1	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	105.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

+ 1-Butanol =

By formula: C₇H₅NO + C₄H₁₀O = C₁₁H₁₅NO₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-83.9 ± 4.4	kJ/mol	Cm	Pannone and Macosko, 1987	liquid phase; ALS
Δ_rH°	-105. ± 1.	kJ/mol	Cm	Lovering and Laidler, 1962	solid phase; ALS

+ 1-Butanol = C₄H₉D₁₀FO^-

By formula: F^- + C₄H₁₀O = C₄H₉D₁₀FO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	101. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Wilkinson, Szulejko, et al., 1992	gas phase; Reported relative to ROH..F-, 0.5 kcal/mol weaker.; B

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (Mg⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	270. ± 20.	kJ/mol	ICR	Operti, Tews, et al., 1988	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(Mg+)CH3OH; M

1-Butanol + = +

By formula: C₄H₁₀O + ClHO₃S = C₄H₁₀O₄S + HCl

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	58. ± 1.	kJ/mol	Cm	Markitanova, Barsukov, et al., 1981	liquid phase; solvent: Dichloromethane; Sulfation; ALS

1-Butanol + = +

By formula: C₄H₁₀O + C₃H₄O₂ = C₇H₁₂O₂ + H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.	kJ/mol	Eqk	Selyakova, Vytnov, et al., 1976	liquid phase; Heat of esterification 60-180 C; ALS

+ = + 1-Butanol

By formula: C₆H₁₂O₂ + H₂O = C₂H₄O₂ + C₄H₁₀O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	3.3 ± 0.2	kJ/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1958	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ 1-Butanol =

By formula: C₄H₂O₃ + C₄H₁₀O = C₈H₁₂O₄

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-39.	kJ/mol	Kin	Merca, Poraicu, et al., 1978	solid phase; solvent: n-Butanol; DTA; ALS

+ 1-Butanol =

By formula: C₄H₈ + C₄H₁₀O = C₈H₁₈O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-34.8 ± 2.7	kJ/mol	Eqk	Sharonov, Mishentseva, et al., 1991	liquid phase; ALS

+ 1-Butanol =

By formula: C₂H₂O + C₄H₁₀O = C₆H₁₂O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-146.9	kJ/mol	Cm	Rice and Greenberg, 1934	liquid phase; ALS

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (Li⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	178. ± 7.9	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	9.99 ± 0.05	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	789.2	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	758.9	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.10 ± 0.05	EI	Holmes and Lossing, 1991	LL
9.99 ± 0.05	PIPECO	Shao, Baer, et al., 1988	LL
10.64 ± 0.07	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
10.09 ± 0.02	PE	Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971	LLK
10.37	PE	Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971	LLK
10.37	PE	Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971	LLK
10.04	PI	Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962	RDSH
10.43	PE	Benoit and Harrison, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
10.44 ± 0.03	PE	Peel and Willett, 1975	Vertical value; LLK
10.37	PE	Katsumata, Iwai, et al., 1973	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
CH₃O⁺	11.36 ± 0.06	n-C₃H₇	EI	Selim and Helal, 1981	LLK
CH₃O⁺	11.46	?	EI	Lambdin, Tuffly, et al., 1959	RDSH
C₂H₂O⁺	11.23	?	EI	Lambdin, Tuffly, et al., 1959	RDSH
C₄H₈⁺	10.18 ± 0.05	H₂O	PIPECO	Shao, Baer, et al., 1988	LL
C₄H₈⁺	10.20 ± 0.10	H₂O	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM

De-protonation reactions

C₄H₉O^- + = 1-Butanol

By formula: C₄H₉O^- + H⁺ = C₄H₁₀O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1570. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	CIDC	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δ_rH°	1571. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	G+TS	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	1569. ± 12.	kJ/mol	G+TS	Boand, Houriet, et al., 1983	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1543. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	H-TS	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δ_rG°	1543. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rG°	1541. ± 12.	kJ/mol	CIDC	Boand, Houriet, et al., 1983	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

CH₆N⁺ + 1-Butanol = (CH₆N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (CH₆N⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	98.3	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	110.	J/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
44.4	495.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₃H₉Si⁺ + 1-Butanol = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	185.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	130.	J/mol*K	N/A	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
124.	468.	PHPMS	Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder((CH3)3Si+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₃H₉Sn⁺ + 1-Butanol = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	153.	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	136.	J/mol*K	N/A	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
81.6	525.	PHPMS	Stone and Splinter, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₄H₁₁O⁺ + 1-Butanol = (C₄H₁₁O⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₁₁O⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (C₄H₁₁O⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	132.	kJ/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	129.	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	93.3	kJ/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984; M

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: C₆H₅S^- + C₄H₁₀O = (C₆H₅S^- • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	61.1	kJ/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	105.	J/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₄H₁₀O = (Cl^- • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	73.6 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	97.1	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)CH3OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	44.8 ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M

+ 1-Butanol = C₄H₉D₁₀FO^-

By formula: F^- + C₄H₁₀O = C₄H₉D₁₀FO^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	101. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Wilkinson, Szulejko, et al., 1992	gas phase; Reported relative to ROH..F-, 0.5 kcal/mol weaker.; B

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₄H₁₀O = (F^- • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	135. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	108.	J/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	103. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; B,M

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (Li⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	178. ± 7.9	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (Mg⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	270. ± 20.	kJ/mol	ICR	Operti, Tews, et al., 1988	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(Mg+)CH3OH; M

+ 1-Butanol = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₄H₁₀O = (Na⁺ • C₄H₁₀O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	109. ± 5.0	kJ/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 1999	RCD

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kJ/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
82.4	298.	IMRE	McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000	Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty

gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner	NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin	NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1994
NIST MS number	133176

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-1	0.	674.4	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	10.	674.6	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	20.	668.2	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	30.	665.5	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	40.	658.4	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	50.	653.1	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Capillary	HP-1	60.	648.2	Wang, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
Packed	PMS-1000	90.	642.	Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004	N2, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	OV-1	130.	645.	Gurevich and Roshchina, 2003	He or N2, Gas-Chrom Q
Capillary	HP-101	60.	653.30	Garay, 2000	50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, H2
Capillary	HP-101	60.	653.30	Garay, 2000	50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, H2
Capillary	SE-30	100.	650.0	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	110.	648.9	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	120.	647.7	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	130.	647.6	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	48.	661.9	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	58.	659.2	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	66.	657.3	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	100.	650.0	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 2	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	110.	648.9	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 2	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	120.	647.7	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 2	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	130.	647.6	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 2	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	48.	661.9	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 2	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	58.	659.2	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 2	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	SE-30	66.	657.3	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 2	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Packed	Porapack Q	200.	636.	Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994	H2; Column length: 1. m
Packed	SE-30	120.	646.	Kowalski, 1992	He, Gas Chrom Q (100-120 mesh); Column length: 0.25 m
Capillary	OV-1	60.	646.8	Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989	25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
Capillary	OV-1	75.	643.9	Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989	25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
Capillary	SE-54	60.	661.9	Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989	25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
Capillary	SE-54	75.	659.6	Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989	25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
Packed	OV-101	120.	663.	Fernández-Sánchez, Fernández-Torres, et al., 1987	N2, Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
Packed	SE-30	170.	675.	Voelkel, 1987	He, Chromaton N Super (75-100 mesh); Column length: 1. m
Packed	OV-1	120.	663.	Betts, 1986	N2; Column length: 1.5 m
Packed	SE-30	120.	645.	Betts, 1986	N2; Column length: 1. m
Packed	SP-2100	120.	651.	Betts, 1986	N2; Column length: 1. m
Capillary	SE-30	100.	649.	Haken and Korhonen, 1985	Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
Capillary	SE-30	120.	649.	Haken and Korhonen, 1985	Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
Capillary	SE-30	80.	660.	Haken and Korhonen, 1985	Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
Packed	SE-30	120.	647.	Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984	N2; Column length: 200. m
Packed	SE-30	150.	650.	Tiess, 1984	Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	OV-1	120.	645.	Valko, Papp, et al., 1984	Gas Chrom Q; Column length: 2. m
Packed	SE-30	100.	637.	Winskowski, 1983	Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
Capillary	OV-1	60.	645.	Nijs and Jacobs, 1981	He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
Packed	Squalane	100.	649.9	Gröbler and Bálizs, 1979	Column length: 1. m
Packed	SE-30	150.	636.	Haken, Nguyen, et al., 1979	Celatom AW silanized; Column length: 3.7 m
Packed	Apiezon L	120.	620.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978	Celite 545
Packed	Apiezon L	160.	619.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978	Celite 545
Packed	Apiezon L	70.	618.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Packed	Squalane	100.	642.	Evans and Newton, 1976	N2, Chromosorb G; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Squalane	100.	644.	Evans and Newton, 1976	N2, Chromosorb G; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Squalane	100.	645.	Evans and Newton, 1976	N2, Chromosorb G; Column length: 2. m
Capillary	Squalane	60.	630.	Ryba, 1976	Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	SE-30	100.	650.	Pías and Gascó, 1975	Ar, Chromosorb W AW DMCS HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1. m
Packed	SE-30	120.	643.	Pías and Gascó, 1975	Ar, Chromosorb W AW DMCS HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1. m
Packed	SE-30	140.	643.	Pías and Gascó, 1975	Ar, Chromosorb W AW DMCS HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1. m
Packed	SE-30	150.	644.	Ashes and Haken, 1974	Celaton (62-72 mesh); Column length: 3.7 m
Packed	Apiezon M	130.	627.	Golovnya and Garbuzov, 1974	N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.1 m
Capillary	Apiezon L	120.	673.	Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972	N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Packed	Apiezon L	100.	637.	Wagaman and Smith, 1971	CH4; Column length: 3. m
Packed	Squalane	50.	625.	Mira and Sanchez, 1970	Chromosorb G
Packed	SE-30	100.	655.	Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970	Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CBP-1	651.	Shimadzu, 2003	25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	654.	Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-1	657.	Takeoka, Perrino, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-1	654.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1990	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-1	654.	Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1990	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	SE-54	671.	Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	OV-101	647.	Morales and Duque, 1987	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	649.	Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	649.	Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Packed	Apiezon L	676.	Rasmussen, 1983	Chromosorb W HMDS HP (00-120 mesh), 4. K/min; Column length: 1.2 m; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SE-30	663.	Greenberg, 1981	He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	SE-30	664.	Greenberg, 1981	He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	SE-30	652.	Greenberg, 1981, 2	He, 70. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 170. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	SE-30	655.	Greenberg, 1981, 2	He, 70. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 170. C @ 5. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-1	646.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	BP-5	665.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	BPX-5	667.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	Petrocol DH-100	650.05	Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997	He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
Capillary	SPB-1	658.7	Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988	N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
Packed	Apiezon L	680.	Rasmussen, 1983	Chromosorb W HMDS HP (00-120 mesh); Column length: 1.2 m; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	686.	Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980	Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.29 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	688.	Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980	Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.29 mm; Program: not specified
Packed	SE-30	690.	Moffat, Stead, et al., 1974	Chromosrb G; Column length: 2. m; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	70.	1120.	Annino and Villalobos, 1999	31.3 m/0.53 mm/0.54 μm
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	60.	1147.5	Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1994	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	60.	1146.	Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991	N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm
Packed	Carbowax 20M	120.	1178.	Fernández-Sánchez, Fernández-Torres, et al., 1987	N2, Chromosorb W AW DMCS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	80.	1126.	Kersten and Poole, 1987	N2, Chromosorb W-AW; Column length: 3.5 m
Packed	PEG-20M	120.	1104.	Betts, 1986	Column length: 1. m
Capillary	OV-351	100.	1148.	Haken and Korhonen, 1985	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-351	120.	1124.	Haken and Korhonen, 1985	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-351	140.	1153.	Haken and Korhonen, 1985	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-351	80.	1131.	Haken and Korhonen, 1985	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	100.	1133.33	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	110.	1130.99	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	120.	1129.04	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	90.	1135.08	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985
Packed	PEG-20M	120.	1135.	Stolyarov and Kartsova, 1984	N2, Chromaton N AW HMDS; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	75.	1178.	Goebel, 1982	N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
Packed	PEG-2000	120.	1120.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PEG-2000	150.	1118.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PEG-2000	152.	1152.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PEG-2000	179.	1137.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PEG-2000	180.	1115.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	PEG-2000	200.	1136.	Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973	He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	100.	1138.	Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970	Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m
Packed	Polyethylene Glycol 4000	100.	1152.	Bonastre and Grenier, 1968	Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
Packed	Polyethylene Glycol 4000	120.	1143.	Bonastre and Grenier, 1968	Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
Packed	Polyethylene Glycol 4000	140.	1135.	Bonastre and Grenier, 1968	Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
Packed	Polyethylene Glycol 4000	80.	1160.	Bonastre and Grenier, 1968	Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CBP-20	1148.	Shimadzu, 2003	25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	PE-Wax	1113.	Venkateshwarlu, Chandravadana, et al., 1999	N2, 60. C @ 4. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 5. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1150.	Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1150.	Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	BP-20	1164.	Wyllie and Leach, 1990	70. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1175.	Umano, Shoji, et al., 1986	N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1160.	Umano, Shoji, et al., 1986	N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Packed	PEG-20M	1113.	Galt and MacLeod, 1984	N2, Celite, 70. C @ 9. min, 10. K/min; Column length: 5.5 m; T_end: 175. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1128.	Tressl, Friese, et al., 1978	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 190. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-20	1153.	SGE, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1157.	Garruti, Franco, et al., 2001	H2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 50 0C (8 min) 4 K/min -> 110 0C 16 K/min -> 200 0C
Capillary	PEG-20M	1125.	Slizhov and Gavrilenko, 2001	He; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1145.9	Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988	N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1145.	Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1150.	Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980	Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SPB-5	662.	Engel and Ratel, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5	661.	Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 260. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5	660.	Bylaite and Meyer, 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 50. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Mega 5MS	662.	Condurso, Verzera, et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	659.	Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005	0. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-5MS	668.	Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	653.	Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	668.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	SPB-5	651.	Rodríguez-Burruezo, Kollmannsberger, et al., 2004	30. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5	669.	Siegmund, Derler, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, -30. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	Petrocol DH	660.1	Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003	50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Petrocol DH	661.5	Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003	50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	621.	Pino, Almora, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	SPB-5	668.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	654.5	Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	619.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	619.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 2	50. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	653.	Bruna, Hierro, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	SE-30	660.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 2001	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SE-30	659.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 2001	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SE-30	659.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 2001	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 6. K/min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SE-30	658.	Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 2001	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 8. K/min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SPB-1	653.	Larráyoz, Addis, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, He, 45. C @ 13. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	619.	Pino and Marbot, 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	619.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	SE-30	647.1	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SE-30	647.1	Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 2	25. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	DB-1	645.	Bartelt, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/5. μm, He, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 270. C
Capillary	DB-1	649.6	Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; T_start: -50. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-5	673.2	Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996	60. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, 6. K/min; T_start: -50. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	653.	Píry, Príbela, et al., 1995	25. m/0.2 mm/0.3 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	659.	Peng, 1992	15. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	SE-30	646.	Korhonen, 1984	N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	640.	Hendriks and Bruins, 1983	4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 205. C
Capillary	OV-1	666.	Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976	1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	OV-1	664.	Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976, 2	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 230. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5	669.	Mayr, van Ruth, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40 C(4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250C
Capillary	DB-1	647.	Peng, 2000	15. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 8C/min => 200(1min) => 5C/min => 300C(25min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	659.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified
Packed	SE-30	659.	Peng, Ding, et al., 1988	Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax Etr	1125.	Aubert and Chanforan, 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1146.	Hashizume M., Gordon M.H., et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1154.	Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1147.	Wu, Zorn, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1116.	Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1134.	Osorio, Alarcon, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1137.	Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 203. C
Capillary	Stabilwax	1132.	Cros, Lignot, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1154.	Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	Stabilwax	1161.	Fang and Qian, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1164.	Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1165.	Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1116.	Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1140.	Wu, Zorn, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1147.	Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.15 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 1.8 K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1166.	Nielsen, Larsen, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 10. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1125.	Brat, Rega, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	Carbowax	1159.7	Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1132.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	AT-Wax	1126.	Pino, Almora, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1144.	Chung, Yung, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	AT-Wax	1126.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 2	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1144.	Chung, Yung, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1172.	Liu, Yang, et al., 2001	H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	AT-Wax	1128.	Pino and Marbot, 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
Capillary	AT-Wax	1126.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1144.	Chung, 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min; T_start: 35. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	1172.	Peng, 2000	15. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1130.	Chevance and Farmer, 1999	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1144.	Chung, 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1145.	Cha, Kim, et al., 1998	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
Capillary	FFAP	1179.	Ott, Fay, et al., 1997	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1126.	Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995	60. m/0.32 mm/0.425 μm, He, 45. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1110.	Píry, Príbela, et al., 1995	50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 170. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1136.	Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1150.	Iwaoka, Hagi, et al., 1994	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1149.	Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1141.	Peng, 1992	8. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min; Column length: 3.05 m; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1115.	Suárez and Duque, 1992	25. m/0.31 mm/0.3 μm, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1141.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 1992	He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1136.	Humpf and Schreier, 1991	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1136.	Krammer, Winterhalter, et al., 1991	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Packed	Carbowax 20M	1141.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Supelcoport, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; Column length: 3.05 m; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1113.	Suárez and Duque, 1991	2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1115.	Suárez and Duque, 1991	2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1136.	Frohlich and Schreier, 1990	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1163.	Matiella and Hsieh, 1990	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1136.	Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1140.	Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1124.	Schwab, Mahr, et al., 1989	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1148.	Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 1988	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1156.	Vejaphan, Hsieh, et al., 1988	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 175. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1131.	Chen, Kuo, et al., 1986	He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-351	1119.	Korhonen, 1984	N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C
Packed	Carbowax 20M	1126.	van den Dool and Kratz, 1963	Celite 545, 4.6 K/min; T_start: 75. C; T_end: 228. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1152.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1153.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1155.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1136.	Romeo, Ziino, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1149.	Condurso, Verzera, et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1119.	Selli, Canbas, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2; Program: 60C(3min) => 2C/min => 220C => 3C/min => 245C (20min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1119.	Selli, Canbas, et al., 2006, 2	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2; Program: 60C(3min) => 2C/min => 220C => 3C/min => 245C(20min)
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1118.	Aubert, Baumann, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 3C/min => 150C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1136.	Ferrari, Lablanquie, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(0.7min) => 20C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1119.	Selli, Cabaroglu, et al., 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2; Program: 60C(3min) => 2C/min => 220C => 3C/min => 245C (20min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1152.	Verzera, Ziino, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1155.	Boido, Lloret, et al., 2003	25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 40C (8min) => 3C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 230C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1149.	da Porto, Pizzale, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm; Program: 60C(8min) => 8C/min => 170C => 13C/min => 240C(20min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1149.	da Porto, Pizzale, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm; Program: 60C(8min) => 8C/min => 170C => 13C/min => 240C(20min)
Capillary	FFAP	1142.	Fuhrmann and Grosch, 2002	25. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 5C/min => 170C => 20C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1120.	Nurgel, Erten, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2; Program: 60C (3min) => 2C/min => 220C => 3C/min => 245C (20min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1132.	Cantergiani, Brevard, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 20C(30s) => fast => 60C => 4C/min => 220C (20min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1173.	Radovic, Careri, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 30C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1151.	Ziegleder, 2001	He; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 45C(4min) => 30C/min => 60C (5min) => 3C/min => 220C (40min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1119.	Boulanger and Crouzet, 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 2 K/min -> 220 0C 5 K/min -> 250 0C (15 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1119.	Boulanger and Crouzet, 2000, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 60C(3min) => 2C/min => 220C => 5C/min => 250C (15min)
Capillary	FFAP	1136.	Yasuhara, 1987	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C (5min) => 2C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 210C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1142.	Whitfield, Shea, et al., 1981	Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	105.	641.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	75.	645.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	90.	643.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	120.	640.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	120.	640.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	120.	642.	Tello, Lebron-Aguilar, et al., 2009
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	641.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	641.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	649.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	100.	641.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	120.	639.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	140.	638.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	80.	643.	Lebrón-Aguilar, Quintanilla-López, et al., 2007
Packed	SE-30	100.	650.	Zhou and Wu, 2007	Column length: 1. m
Capillary	DB-1	60.	648.	Shimadzu, 2003, 2	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	DB-5	120.	664.	Verevkin, Krasnykh, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen
Packed	SE-30	70.	692.	Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977
Packed	DC-400	150.	650.	Anderson, 1968	Helium, Gas-Pak (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3.0 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB	654.	Bramston-Cook, 2013	60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
Capillary	Optima-5 MS	655.	Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	650.	Pino, Marquez, et al., 2010	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-5 MS	656.	Raffo, Kelderer, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-5	670.	Mildner-Szkudlarz and Jelen, 2008	10. m/0.10 mm/0.40 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min
Capillary	SPB-5	664.	Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	664.	Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	664.	Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-5	646.	Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SPB-5	668.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	688.	Dhanda, Pegg, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 4. min
Capillary	MDN-5	670.	Mildner-Szkudlarz, Jelen, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min
Capillary	HP-5	665.	Isidorov and Jdanova, 2002	3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SPB-5	668.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 3	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	RSL-200	643.	Ngassoum, Jirovetz, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	BP-1	643.	Health Safety Executive, 2000	50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	OV-101	635.	Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000	Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	642.48	Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-5	663.	Jung, Wichmann, et al., 1999	25. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Ultra-2	652.	King, Matthews, et al., 1995	50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-1	638.	Buttery, Stern, et al., 1994	He, 30. C @ 25. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	OV-101	655.	Egolf and Jurs, 1993	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Ultra-2	681.	King, Hamilton, et al., 1993	50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-5	653.	Shimoda, Shibamoto, et al., 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-1	633.	Shiota, 1993	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	634.	Shiota, 1993	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	633.	Shiota, 1993	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	634.	Shiota, 1993	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	661.	Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992	60. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	OV-101	656.	Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991	50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	OV-101	655.	Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-5	647.	Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990	H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5	655.	Spadone, Takeoka, et al., 1990	H2, 16. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-1	637.	Binder, Flath, et al., 1989	4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	OV-101	640.	Sugisawa, Yamamoto, et al., 1989	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB5-30W	640.	Schwab and Schreier, 1988	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-1	657.	Habu, Flath, et al., 1985	3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	OV-101	661.	del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984	He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_end: 225. C
Capillary	SP 2100	654.	Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982	Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 40. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 200. C
Packed	Apiezon L	670.	Dahlmann, Köser, et al., 1979	Chromosorb G-AW-DMCS, 10. K/min; Column length: 2. m; T_start: 25. C
Capillary	OV-1	657.	Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1979	N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	SF-96	684.	Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976	Nitrogen, 3. K/min, 130. C @ 40. min; Column length: 111. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Initial hold: 8. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	653.	Pino, Marquez, et al., 2010	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	666.	Rotsatschakul, Visesanguan, et al., 2009	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (2 min) 2 0Cmin -> 60 0C 10 0C/min -> 100 0C 20 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (10 min)
Capillary	HP-5	653.	Zhao, Li, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-1	639.	Barra, Baldovini, et al., 2007	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 2C/min => 200C => 15C/min => 250C (30min)
Capillary	DB-5 MS	663.	Cajka, Hajslova, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (0.75 min) 10 0C/min -> 200 0C 30 0C/min -> 245 0C (1.25 min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	650.	Chen and Feng, 2007	Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	646.	Feng and Mu, 2007	Program: not specified
Capillary	VB-5	655.	Karlshøj, Nielsen, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 35C(1min) => 4C/min => 175C => 10C/min => 260C
Capillary	DB-5 MS	658.	Liu, Xu, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 180 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (12 min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	650.	Kou, Zhang, et al., 2006	Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	653.	Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min)
Capillary	HP-5	653.	Himanen, Vuorinen, et al., 2005	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 5C/min => 210C => 20C/min => 250C(8min)
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups	668.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005, 2	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	657.	Thierry, Maillard, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	650.	Fu and Wang, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	655.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	SPB-5	654.	Begnaud, Pérès, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	653.	Jordán, Margaría, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(6min) => 2.5C/min => 150C => 90C/min => 250C
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	646.	Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	653.	Jordán, Goodner, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	653.	Jordán, Margaría, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C (6min) => 2.5C/min => 150C => 90C/min => 250C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	680.	N/A	Program: not specified
Capillary	BPX-5	635.	van Ruth, Grossmann, et al., 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -30C(1min) => 100C/min => 40C(4min) => 2C/min => 90C => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250C
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane	632.	Spanier, Shahidi, et al., 2001	Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	646.	Estrada and Gutierrez, 1999	Program: not specified
Capillary	SPB-1	650.	Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997	60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	652.	Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	656.	Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	656.	Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min
Capillary	SPB-1	650.	Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992	60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
Capillary	SPB-1	651.	Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992	60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	638.	Binder, Flath, et al., 1989	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	659.	Weller and Wolf, 1989	40. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
Capillary	OV-101	655.	Morales and Duque, 1987	He; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-101	655.	Shibamoto, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1	661.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	646.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1	651.	Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982	Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	100.	1142.	Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	120.	1139.	Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	140.	1136.	Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	60.	1147.	Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	80.	1145.	Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
Capillary	DB-Wax	60.	1180.	Shimadzu, 2003, 2	50. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
Capillary	PEG-20M	100. to 150.	1094.	Wang and Wu, 1990	N2; Column length: 58. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm
Packed	Carbowax 20M	100.	1122.	Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1161.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 9999	25. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1162.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 9999	25. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1164.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 9999	25. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	CP-Wax CB	1148.	Alves, da Penha, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 150. C @ 5. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1163.	Feng, Zhuang, et al., 2011	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
Capillary	AT-Wax	1104.	Kiss, Csoka, et al., 2011	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	VF-Wax MS	1173.	Duarte, Dias, et al., 2010	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 25. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1152.	Zhao, Xu, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1147.	Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008	50. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1132.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	RTX-Wax	1147.	Prososki, Etzel, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1137.	Xu, Fan, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1113.	Berlinet, Brat, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1137.	Fan and Qian, 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1137.	Fan and Qian, 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1143.	Fan and Qian, 2006, 2	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax Etr	1165.	Perestrelo, Fernandes, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1159.	Wierda R.L., Fletcher G., et al., 2006	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1156.	Fan and Qian, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1167.	Qian and Wang, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1113.	Rizzolo, Cambiaghi, et al., 2005	60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1132.	N/A	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1133.	N/A	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1136.	N/A	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1139.	N/A	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1147.	N/A	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1133.	Wu, Krings, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1147.	Chida, Sone, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1138.	López, Ezpeleta, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	PEG-20M	1138.	Narain, Almeida, et al., 2004	50. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1180.	Alves and Franco, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1132.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1145.	Dregus and Engel, 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1138.	Lee and Noble, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 185. C @ 20. min
Capillary	TC-Wax	1135.	Miyazawa, Yamafuji, et al., 2003	3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1164.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 2003	25. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1161.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 2003	25. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1162.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 2003	25. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1146.	Fukami, Ishiyama, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1148.	Hayata, Sakamoto, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1140.	Ito, Sugimoto, et al., 2002	60. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1136.	Osorio, Duque, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1138.	Osorio, Duque, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1103.	Qian and Reineccius, 2002	25. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, 60. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
Capillary	TC-Wax	1129.	Suhardi, Suzuki, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1138.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1148.	Duque, Bonilla, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; T_start: 25. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1135.	Miyazawa, Kurose, et al., 2001	He, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 47. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1111.	Weckerle, Bastl-Borrmann, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1176.	Franco and Shibamoto, 2000	He, 50. C @ 8. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1163.	Girard and Durance, 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1115.	Lee and Shibamoto, 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1113.	Parada, Duque, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1115.	Parada, Duque, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1147.	Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000	Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1143.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1113.	Hwan and Chou, 1999	50. m/0.32 mm/0.22 μm, H2, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 190. C @ 21. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1151.	Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1140.	Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1143.	Umano, Nakahara, et al., 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1138.	Buttery and Ling, 1998	30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 170. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1142.	Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 1998	60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1140.	Pollak and Berger, 1996	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 210. C @ 25. min
Capillary	TC-Wax	1132.	Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996	80. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1156.	Young, Gilbert, et al., 1996	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen, 30. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1140.	Girard and Lau, 1995	90. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 20. min, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1113.	Egolf and Jurs, 1993	2. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1118.	Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1118.	Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	PEG-20M	1121.	Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1113.	Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990	2. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1145.	Wyllie, Brophy, et al., 1990	70. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1137.	Binder, Flath, et al., 1989	50. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1113.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1113.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1113.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1113.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	BP-20	1113.	MacLeod and Snyder, 1985	70. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1123.	Engel and Tressl, 1983	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1139.	Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982	Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 31. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1145.	Gyawali and Kim, 2012	60. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1148.	Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1149.	Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1159.	Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1158.	Feng, Zhuang, et al., 2011	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1153.	Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1153.	Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1152.	Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP-Wax 52 CB	1163.	Povolo, Cabassi, et al., 2011	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1159.	Sampaio, Garruti, et al., 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 35 0C (9 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 1 0C/min -> 100 0C 16 0C/min -> 210 0C (20 min)
Capillary	Stabilwax	1142.	Chinnici, Guerrero, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C 3 0C/min -> 100 0C 5 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
Capillary	FFAP	1119.	Ortiz, Echeverra, et al., 2009	50. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium; Program: 70 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 142 0C 5 0C/min -> 225 0C (10 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1135.	Rowan, Hunt, et al., 2009	20. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (1 min) 2.9 0C/min -> 100 0C 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (5 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1135.	Rowan, Hunt, et al., 2009, 2	20. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (1 min) 2/9 0C/min -> 100 0C 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (5 min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1166.	Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2009	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1158.	Valappil, Fan, et al., 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 7 0C/min -> 110 0C 15 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1147.	Zhao, Xu, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP-Wax 52 CB	1124.	Kaack and Christensen, 2008	50. m/0.25 mm/0.29 μm, Helium; Program: 33 0C (1 min) 2 0C/min -> 130 0C 10 0C/min -> 220 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1165.	Li, Tao, et al., 2008	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 4 0C/min -> 160 0C 7 0C/min -> 220 0C (8 min)
Capillary	Supelcowax 10	1166.	Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
Capillary	Supelcowax 10	1166.	Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1152.	Tao, Wenlai, et al., 2008	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 20 0C/min -> 80 0C 3 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1165.	Yongsheng, Hua, et al., 2008	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 3 0C/min -> 50 0C 5 0C/min -> 120 0C 7 0C/min -> 175 0C 10 0C/min -> 230 0C (8 min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1152.	Berard, Bianchi, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1153.	Berard, Bianchi, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1159.	Bosch-Fuste, Riu-Aumatell, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 2C/min => 200C(1min) => 2C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1144.	Lara, Echeverría, et al., 2007	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1165.	Li, Tao, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 160C => 7C/min => 230C (8min)
Capillary	FFAP	1144.	Lopez, Villatoro, et al., 2007	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax Etr	1116.	Loskos, Hernandez-Orte, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 10C/min => 90C => 2C/min => 230C (37min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1143.	Tian, Zhang, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 150 0C 8 0C/min -> 230 0C (15 min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1145.	Weldegergis B.T., Tredoux A.G.J., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 30C(2min) => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1134.	Krings, Zelena, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1144.	Lara, Graell, et al., 2006	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1135.	Quijano and Pino, 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 50 0C (4 min) -> 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1110.	Jales, Maia, et al., 2005	Hydrogen; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1149.	Mattheis, Fan, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C (5min)
Capillary	FFAP	1144.	Echeverría, Correa, et al., 2004	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1144.	Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 200 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1181.	le Pape, Grua-Priol, et al., 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C => 1C/min => 57C => 15C/min => 230C (5min)
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1141.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1144.	Echeverria, Fuentes, et al., 2003	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C (10min)
Capillary	PEG-20M	1157.	Garruti, Franco, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C(8min) => 4C/min => 110C => 16C/min => 200C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1136.	Selli, Cabaroglu, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 2C/min => 220C => 3C/min => 245C(20min)
Capillary	HP Innowax FSP	1155.	Tasdemir, Demirci, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	HP Innowax FSP	1155.	Tasdemir, Demirci, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C (10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1139.	Mayorga, Knapp, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C(4min) => 4C/min => 130C => 1C/min => 190C => 4C/min => 220C(20min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1148.	Mayorga, Knapp, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C(4min) => 4C/min => 130C => 1C/min => 190C => 4C/min => 220C(20min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1113.	Miranda, Nogueira, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 25 0C (0.5 min) 50 K/min -> 50 0C 3.5 K/min -> 150 0C 7.5 K/min -> 240 0C
Capillary	FFAP	1148.	Lopez, Lavilla, et al., 2000	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C(2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
Capillary	Cross-linked FFAP	1148.	Lavilla, Puy, et al., 1999	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C (2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
Capillary	FFAP	1148.	López, Lavilla, et al., 1998	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C (1min) => 3C/min => 142C (2min) => 25C/min => 230C (5min)
Capillary	PEG	1163.	Vas, Gal, et al., 1998	40. m/0.182 mm/0.30 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 100 0C 3 0C/min -> 200 0C (1 min) 20 0C/min -> 240 0C (2 min)
Capillary	PEG	1163.	Vas, Gal, et al., 1998	40. m/0.182 mm/0.30 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 100 0C 3 0C/min -> 200 0C (1 min) 20 0C/min -> 240 0C (2 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1151.	Ziegleder, 1998	He; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 45C(4min) => 30C/min => 60C (5min) => 3C/min => 220C(40min)
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1113.	Chang, Seitz, et al., 1995	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => 7C/min => 140C => 17.5C/min => 230C
Capillary	Polyethylene Glycol	1141.	Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995	Program: not specified
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1125.	Luning, de Rijk, et al., 1994	50. m/0.32 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1148.	Mattheis, Buchanan, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C(5min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1148.	Mattheis, Buchanan, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C(5min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1135.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1141.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1139.	Binder, Flath, et al., 1989	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1113.	Shibamoto, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.	1178.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1128.	Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982	Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

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le Pape, Grua-Priol, et al., 2004
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Echeverria, Fuentes, et al., 2003
Echeverria, G.; Fuentes, M.T.; Graell, J.; Lopez, M.L., Relationships between volatile production, fruit quality and sensory evaluation of Fuji apples stored in different atmospheres by means of multivariate analysis, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 84, 1, 5-20, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1554 . [all data]

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Garruti, D.S.; Franco, M.R.B.; da Silva, M.A.A.P.; Janzantti, N.S.; Alves, G.L., Evaluation of volatile flavour compounds from cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L) juice by the Osme gas chromatography/olfactometry technique, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 83, 14, 1455-1462, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1560 . [all data]

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Notes

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
S°_gas	Entropy of gas at standard conditions
T	Temperature
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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1-Butanol

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Reaction thermochemistry data

Individual Reactions

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Gas phase ion energetics data

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

Ion clustering data

Clustering reactions

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

IR Spectrum

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

References

Notes