1-Butanol
- Formula: C4H10O
- Molecular weight: 74.1216
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 71-36-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Butyl alcohol; n-Butan-1-ol; n-Butanol; n-Butyl alcohol; Butyl hydroxide; CCS 203; Hemostyp; Methylolpropane; Propylcarbinol; n-C4H9OH; Butanol; Butan-1-ol; 1-Hydroxybutane; Alcool butylique; Butanolo; Butylowy alkohol; Butyric alcohol; Propylmethanol; Butanolen; 1-Butyl alcohol; Rcra waste number U031; Butanol-1; NSC 62782
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -277. ± 5. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 13 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°gas | 361.98 | J/mol*K | N/A | Chao J., 1986 | Other values of S(298.15 K) based on low-temperature thermal measurements are (in J/mol*K): 363.17 [65COU/HAL], 362.33 [ Chermin H.A.G., 1961], and 361.9 [ Buckley E., 1967].; GT |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
42.54 | 50. | Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997 | p=1 bar. Recommended S(T) and Cp(T) values agree with those calculated by [ Chermin H.A.G., 1961] within 1.5 J/mol*K. S(T) values calculated by [ Dyatkina M.E., 1954] are different from values given here by 12-30 J/mol*K. Please also see Chao J., 1986.; GT |
58.33 | 100. | ||
70.10 | 150. | ||
81.28 | 200. | ||
100.68 | 273.15 | ||
108.03 ± 0.25 | 298.15 | ||
108.58 | 300. | ||
138.16 | 400. | ||
164.42 | 500. | ||
186.38 | 600. | ||
204.83 | 700. | ||
220.56 | 800. | ||
234.15 | 900. | ||
245.93 | 1000. | ||
256.18 | 1100. | ||
265.10 | 1200. | ||
272.86 | 1300. | ||
279.63 | 1400. | ||
285.54 | 1500. | ||
297.3 | 1750. | ||
305.8 | 2000. | ||
312.2 | 2250. | ||
316.9 | 2500. | ||
320.5 | 2750. | ||
323.2 | 3000. |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
140.93 ± 0.79 | 395.25 | Stromsoe E., 1970 | Ideal gas heat capacities are given by [ Stromsoe E., 1970] as a linear function Cp=f1*(a+bT). This expression approximates the experimental values with the average deviation of 0.79 J/mol*K. The accuracy of the experimental heat capacities [ Stromsoe E., 1970] is estimated as less than 0.3%.; GT |
137.88 | 398.15 | ||
143.00 ± 0.79 | 404.15 | ||
144.16 ± 0.79 | 409.15 | ||
142.06 | 413.15 | ||
146.58 ± 0.79 | 419.55 | ||
149.26 ± 0.79 | 431.05 | ||
147.42 | 433.15 | ||
151.60 ± 0.79 | 441.15 | ||
152.66 | 453.15 | ||
155.88 ± 0.79 | 459.55 | ||
162.55 ± 0.79 | 488.25 | ||
169.95 ± 0.79 | 520.05 | ||
175.97 ± 0.79 | 545.95 | ||
181.20 ± 0.79 | 568.45 | ||
189.31 ± 0.79 | 603.35 |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 9.99 ± 0.05 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Proton affinity (review) | 789.2 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Gas basicity | 758.9 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.10 ± 0.05 | EI | Holmes and Lossing, 1991 | LL |
9.99 ± 0.05 | PIPECO | Shao, Baer, et al., 1988 | LL |
10.64 ± 0.07 | EI | Bowen and Maccoll, 1984 | LBLHLM |
10.09 ± 0.02 | PE | Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971 | LLK |
10.37 | PE | Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971 | LLK |
10.37 | PE | Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971 | LLK |
10.04 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
10.43 | PE | Benoit and Harrison, 1977 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.44 ± 0.03 | PE | Peel and Willett, 1975 | Vertical value; LLK |
10.37 | PE | Katsumata, Iwai, et al., 1973 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CH3O+ | 11.36 ± 0.06 | n-C3H7 | EI | Selim and Helal, 1981 | LLK |
CH3O+ | 11.46 | ? | EI | Lambdin, Tuffly, et al., 1959 | RDSH |
C2H2O+ | 11.23 | ? | EI | Lambdin, Tuffly, et al., 1959 | RDSH |
C4H8+ | 10.18 ± 0.05 | H2O | PIPECO | Shao, Baer, et al., 1988 | LL |
C4H8+ | 10.20 ± 0.10 | H2O | EI | Bowen and Maccoll, 1984 | LBLHLM |
De-protonation reactions
C4H9O- + =
By formula: C4H9O- + H+ = C4H10O
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1570. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | CIDC | Haas and Harrison, 1993 | gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B |
ΔrH° | 1571. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrH° | 1569. ± 12. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Boand, Houriet, et al., 1983 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1543. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | H-TS | Haas and Harrison, 1993 | gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B |
ΔrG° | 1543. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
ΔrG° | 1541. ± 12. | kJ/mol | CIDC | Boand, Houriet, et al., 1983 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
- LIQUID (NEAT); PERKIN-ELMER 521 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm-1 resolution
- SOLUTION (0.5% IN CCl4 FOR 3800-1330, 0.5% IN CS2 FOR 1330-400 CM-1); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm-1 resolution
- SOLUTION (10% IN CCl4 FOR 3800-1300, 10% IN CS2 FOR 1300-650, 10% IN CCl4 FOR 650-240 CM-1) VERSUS SOLVENT; PERKIN-ELMER 521 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm-1 resolution
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty
- gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Chao J., 1986
Chao J.,
Thermodynamic properties of key organic oxygen compounds in the carbon range C1 to C4. Part 2. Ideal gas properties,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1369-1436. [all data]
Chermin H.A.G., 1961
Chermin H.A.G.,
Thermo data for petrochemicals. Part 28. Gaseous normal alcohols. The important thermo properties are presented for all the gaseous normal alcohols from methanol through n-decanol,
Petrol. Refiner, 1961, 40 (4), 127-130. [all data]
Buckley E., 1967
Buckley E.,
Chemical equilibria. Part 2. Dehydrogenation of propanol and butanol,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 895-901. [all data]
Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center,
Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]
Dyatkina M.E., 1954
Dyatkina M.E.,
Thermodynamic functions of normal alcohols (propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol),
Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1954, 28, 377. [all data]
Stromsoe E., 1970
Stromsoe E.,
Heat capacity of alcohol vapors at atmospheric pressure,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1970, 15, 286-290. [all data]
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018
. [all data]
Holmes and Lossing, 1991
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P.,
Ionization energies of homologous organic compounds and correlation with molecular size,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1991, 26, 537. [all data]
Shao, Baer, et al., 1988
Shao, J.D.; Baer, T.; Lewis, D.K.,
Dissociation dynamics of energy-selected ion-dipole complexes. 2. Butyl alcohol ions,
J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 5123. [all data]
Bowen and Maccoll, 1984
Bowen, R.D.; Maccoll, A.,
Low energy, low temperature mass spectra,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1984, 19, 379. [all data]
Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971
Cocksey, B.J.; Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J.,
The effect of alkyl substitution on ionisation potential,
J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (B), 790. [all data]
Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971
Baker, A.D.; Betteridge, D.; Kemp, N.R.; Kirby, R.E.,
Application of photoelectron spectrometry to pesticide analysis. II.Photoelectron spectra of hydroxy-, and halo-alkanes and halohydrins,
Anal. Chem., 1971, 43, 375. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G.,
Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]
Peel and Willett, 1975
Peel, J.B.; Willett, G.D.,
Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the higher alcohols,
Aust. J. Chem., 1975, 28, 2357. [all data]
Katsumata, Iwai, et al., 1973
Katsumata, S.; Iwai, T.; Kimura, K.,
Photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration. Higher alkyl amines and alcohols,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 3391. [all data]
Selim and Helal, 1981
Selim, E.T.M.; Helal, A.I.,
Heat of formation of CH2=OH+ fragment ion,
Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 1981, 19, 977. [all data]
Lambdin, Tuffly, et al., 1959
Lambdin, W.J.; Tuffly, B.L.; Yarborough, V.A.,
Appearance potentials as obtained with an analytical mass spectrometer,
Appl. Spectry., 1959, 13, 71. [all data]
Haas and Harrison, 1993
Haas, M.J.; Harrison, A.G.,
The Fragmentation of Proton-Bound Cluster Ions and the Gas-Phase Acidities of Alcohols,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 124, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)80003-W
. [all data]
Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr.,
The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]
Boand, Houriet, et al., 1983
Boand, G.; Houriet, R.; Baumann, T.,
The gas phase acidity of aliphatic alcohols,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2203. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy S°gas Entropy of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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