1-Propanol

Formula: C₃H₈O
Molecular weight: 60.0950
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H8O/c1-2-3-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 71-23-8
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Propyl alcohol; n-Propan-1-ol; n-Propanol; n-Propyl alcohol; Ethylcarbinol; Optal; Osmosol extra; Propanol; Propylic alcohol; 1-Propyl alcohol; n-C3H7OH; 1-Hydroxypropane; Propanol-1; Propan-1-ol; n-Propyl alkohol; Alcool propilico; Alcool propylique; Propanole; Propanolen; Propanoli; Propylowy alkohol; UN 1274; Propylan-propyl alcohol; NSC 30300; Alcohol, propyl
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Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman

View reactions leading to C₃H₈O⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	10.22 ± 0.06	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	786.5	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	756.1	kJ/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.22 ± 0.07	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
10.0	EI	McLafferty, Bente, et al., 1973	LLK
10.15 ± 0.025	PE	Johnstone and Mellon, 1972	LLK
10.16 ± 0.03	EI	Johnstone and Mellon, 1972	LLK
10.32 ± 0.02	PE	Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971	LLK
10.25	PE	Dewar and Worley, 1969	RDSH
10.22 ± 0.04	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
10.20	PI	Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962	RDSH
10.51	PE	Benoit and Harrison, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
10.52 ± 0.03	PE	Peel and Willett, 1975	Vertical value; LLK
10.51	PE	Robin and Kuebler, 1973	Vertical value; LLK
10.49	PE	Katsumata, Iwai, et al., 1973	Vertical value; LLK
10.48	PE	Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
CH₃O⁺	11.20	C₂H₅	EI	Holmes, Lossing, et al., 1988	LL
CH₃O⁺	12.3 ± 0.9	C₂H₅	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
CH₃O⁺	11.50 ± 0.08	C₂H₃	EI	Selim and Helal, 1981	LLK
CH₃O⁺	11.16 ± 0.03	C₂H₅	EI	Johnstone and Mellon, 1972	LLK
CH₃O⁺	~11.3	C₂H₅	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
CH₃O⁺	~11.11	C₂H₅	PI	Chupka, 1959	RDSH
C₂H₃⁺	14.7	?	EI	Friedman, Long, et al., 1957	RDSH
C₂H₄⁺	~11.9	?	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₂H₅⁺	12.3	CH₂OH	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₂H₅O⁺	11.35 ± 0.04	CH₃	EI	Solka and Russell, 1974	LLK
C₂H₅O⁺	11.1 ± 0.1	CH₃	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₂H₅O⁺	11.1	CH₃	EI	Friedman, Long, et al., 1957	RDSH
C₃H₃⁺	15.6	?	EI	Friedman, Long, et al., 1957	RDSH
C₃H₅⁺	12.6	?	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₃H₆⁺	10.56 ± 0.05	H₂O	EI	Holmes, Mommers, et al., 1984	LBLHLM
C₃H₆⁺	10.65 ± 0.09	H₂O	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
C₃H₆⁺	10.3	H₂O	EI	McLafferty, Bente, et al., 1973	LLK
C₃H₆⁺	10.33 ± 0.03	H₂O	EI	Johnstone and Mellon, 1972	LLK
C₃H₆⁺	10.65 ± 0.03	H₂O	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₃H₆⁺	10.50	H₂O	PI	Chupka, 1959	RDSH
C₃H₇⁺	11.6 ± 0.1	OH	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₃H₇O⁺	10.72 ± 0.09	H	EI	Bowen and Maccoll, 1984	LBLHLM
C₃H₇O⁺	10.2	H	EI	McLafferty, Bente, et al., 1973	LLK
C₃H₇O⁺	10.48 ± 0.03	H	EI	Johnstone and Mellon, 1972	LLK
C₃H₇O⁺	10.72	H	PI	Refaey and Chupka, 1968	RDSH
C₃H₇O⁺	10.69	H	EI	Lambdin, Tuffly, et al., 1959	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C₃H₇O^- + = 1-Propanol

By formula: C₃H₇O^- + H⁺ = C₃H₈O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1572. ± 5.4	kJ/mol	D-EA	Ellison, Engleking, et al., 1982	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	1573. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	G+TS	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	1574. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	CIDC	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	1545. ± 5.9	kJ/mol	H-TS	Ellison, Engleking, et al., 1982	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	1546. ± 8.4	kJ/mol	IMRE	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rG°	1546. ± 8.8	kJ/mol	H-TS	Haas and Harrison, 1993	gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Bowen and Maccoll, 1984
Bowen, R.D.; Maccoll, A., Low energy, low temperature mass spectra, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1984, 19, 379. [all data]

McLafferty, Bente, et al., 1973
McLafferty, F.W.; Bente, P.F., III; Kornfeld, R.; Tsai, S.-C.; Howe, I., Collisional activation spectra of organic ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 2120. [all data]

Johnstone and Mellon, 1972
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A., Electron-impact ionization and appearance potentials, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 1209. [all data]

Cocksey, Eland, et al., 1971
Cocksey, B.J.; Eland, J.H.D.; Danby, C.J., The effect of alkyl substitution on ionisation potential, J. Chem. Soc., 1971, (B), 790. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Refaey and Chupka, 1968
Refaey, K.M.A.; Chupka, W.A., Photoionization of the lower aliphatic alcohols with mass analysis, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 5205. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Peel and Willett, 1975
Peel, J.B.; Willett, G.D., Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the higher alcohols, Aust. J. Chem., 1975, 28, 2357. [all data]

Robin and Kuebler, 1973
Robin, M.B.; Kuebler, N.A., Excited electronic states of the simple alcohols, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 13. [all data]

Katsumata, Iwai, et al., 1973
Katsumata, S.; Iwai, T.; Kimura, K., Photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration. Higher alkyl amines and alcohols, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 3391. [all data]

Baker, Betteridge, et al., 1971
Baker, A.D.; Betteridge, D.; Kemp, N.R.; Kirby, R.E., Application of photoelectron spectrometry to pesticide analysis. II.Photoelectron spectra of hydroxy-, and halo-alkanes and halohydrins, Anal. Chem., 1971, 43, 375. [all data]

Holmes, Lossing, et al., 1988
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P.; Maccoll, A., Heats of formation of alkyl radicals from appearance energies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 7339. [all data]

Selim and Helal, 1981
Selim, E.T.M.; Helal, A.I., Heat of formation of CH₂=OH⁺ fragment ion, Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 1981, 19, 977. [all data]

Chupka, 1959
Chupka, W.A., Effect of unimolecular decay kinetics on the interpretation of appearance potentials, J. Chem. Phys., 1959, 30, 191. [all data]

Friedman, Long, et al., 1957
Friedman, L.; Long, F.A.; Wolfsberg, M., Study of the mass spectra of the lower aliphatic alcohols, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 27, 613. [all data]

Solka and Russell, 1974
Solka, B.H.; Russell, M.E., Energetics of formation of some structural isomers of gaseous C₂H₅O⁺ C₂H₆N⁺ ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 1268. [all data]

Holmes, Mommers, et al., 1984
Holmes, J.L.; Mommers, A.A.; Szulejko, J.E.; Terlouw, J.K., Two new stable [C₃H₈O]⁺ isomers: The radical cations [C₃H₆OH₂]⁺, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1984, 165. [all data]

Lambdin, Tuffly, et al., 1959
Lambdin, W.J.; Tuffly, B.L.; Yarborough, V.A., Appearance potentials as obtained with an analytical mass spectrometer, Appl. Spectry., 1959, 13, 71. [all data]

Ellison, Engleking, et al., 1982
Ellison, G.B.; Engleking, P.C.; Lineberger, W.C., Photoelectron spectroscopy of alkoxide and enolate negative ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1982, 86, 4873. [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Haas and Harrison, 1993
Haas, M.J.; Harrison, A.G., The Fragmentation of Proton-Bound Cluster Ions and the Gas-Phase Acidities of Alcohols, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 124, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)80003-W . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE Appearance energy

IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy

Δ_rG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions

Δ_rH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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AE	Appearance energy
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions