Acetic acid

Formula: C₂H₄O₂
Molecular weight: 60.0520
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 64-19-7
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- Acetic acid-d4
Other names: Ethanoic acid; Ethylic acid; Glacial acetic acid; Methanecarboxylic acid; Vinegar acid; CH3COOH; Acetasol; Acide acetique; Acido acetico; Azijnzuur; Essigsaeure; Octowy kwas; Acetic acid, glacial; Kyselina octova; UN 2789; Aci-jel; Shotgun; Ethanoic acid monomer; NSC 132953
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 79
- Henry's Law data
- IR Spectrum
- Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
Options:
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Data at NIST subscription sites:

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	-103.5 ± 0.6	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_gas	67.600	cal/mol*K	N/A	Weltner W., 1955	Other third-law entropy values at 298.15 K are 284.5 [ Chao J., 1986] and 290.37(4.18) J/mol*K [ Halford J.O., 1941].; GT

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
9.450	50.	Chao J., 1986	p=1 bar. Selected entropies and heat capacities differ from other statistically calculated values [ Weltner W., 1955] by 1.0-1.3 J/molK for S(T) and 3.1-5.4 J/molK for Cp(T). Please also see Chao J., 1978.; GT
9.661	100.
10.22	150.
11.55	200.
14.19	273.15
15.16 ± 0.026	298.15
15.23	300.
19.04	400.
22.45	500.
25.378	600.
27.875	700.
29.995	800.
31.785	900.
33.284	1000.
34.527	1100.
35.554	1200.
36.401	1300.
37.098	1400.
37.674	1500.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	-115.56 ± 0.086	kcal/mol	Ccb	Steele, Chirico, et al., 1997	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	-115.80 ± 0.05	kcal/mol	Ccb	Lebedeva, 1964	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	-115.7 ± 0.1	kcal/mol	Ccb	Evans and Skinner, 1959	ALS
Δ_fH°_liquid	-116.4	kcal/mol	Cm	Carson and Skinner, 1949	Unpublished result by Rossini; ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_liquid	-209.17 ± 0.081	kcal/mol	Ccb	Steele, Chirico, et al., 1997	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -115.56 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-208.94 ± 0.05	kcal/mol	Ccb	Lebedeva, 1964	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -115.79 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-209.0 ± 0.1	kcal/mol	Ccb	Evans and Skinner, 1959	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -115.7 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-208.5	kcal/mol	Ccb	Schjanberg, 1935	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -116.2 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	37.76	cal/mol*K	N/A	Martin and Andon, 1982	DH
S°_liquid	46.30	cal/mol*K	N/A	Parks and Kelley, 1925	Extrapolation below 90 K. 76.82 J/mol*K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
29.42	298.15	Martin and Andon, 1982	T = 13 to 450 K. Data also given by equation.; DH
33.39	332.	Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958	Mean value 22 to 96°C.; DH
28.80	298.	Radulescu and Jula, 1934	DH
28.99	297.1	Neumann, 1932	T = 23.9 to 80.5°C. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
38.19	298.1	Parks, Kelley, et al., 1929	Extrapolation below 90 K, 42.68 J/mol*K. Revision of previous data.; DH
29.49	294.7	Parks and Kelley, 1925	T = 87 to 295 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
32.7	287. to 335.	Pickering, 1895	T = 260 to 335 K.; DH
29.52	298.	von Reis, 1881	T = 292 to 358 K.; DH

Phase change data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	391.2 ± 0.6	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 80 out of 90 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	289.6 ± 0.5	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	289.8	K	N/A	Wilhoit, Chao, et al., 1985	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
T_triple	289.69	K	N/A	Martin and Andon, 1982, 2	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; TRC
T_triple	289.8	K	N/A	Parks and Kelley, 1925, 2	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.15 K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	593. ± 3.	K	AVG	N/A	Average of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	57.05	atm	N/A	Andereya and Chase, 1990	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.20 atm; TRC
P_c	57.5279	atm	N/A	D'Souza and Teja, 1987	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.89 atm; Ambrose's procedure; TRC
P_c	57.10	atm	N/A	Ambrose, Ellender, et al., 1977	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.08 atm; TRC
P_c	57.11	atm	N/A	Young, 1910	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.99995 atm; TRC
P_c	57.110	atm	N/A	Young, 1891	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2631 atm; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ρ_c	5.84	mol/l	N/A	Vandana and Teja, 1995	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 mol/l; TRC
ρ_c	5.838	mol/l	N/A	Young, 1910	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 mol/l; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_vapH°	12.0	kcal/mol	CGC	Verevkin, 2000	Based on data from 303. to 378. K.; AC
Δ_vapH°	12.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Δ_vapH°	12.3 ± 0.36	kcal/mol	C	Konicek and Wadso, 1970	ALS
Δ_vapH°	12.3 ± 0.38	kcal/mol	C	Konicek, Wadsö, et al., 1970	AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.66	391.1	N/A	Majer and Svoboda, 1985
9.35	360.	EB	Muñoz and Krähenbühl, 2001	Based on data from 345. to 383. K.; AC
9.78	335.	N/A	Vercher, Vázquez, et al., 2001	Based on data from 320. to 395. K.; AC
9.06	406.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 391. to 550. K.; AC
10.0	305.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 290. to 396. K.; AC
9.25	406.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 391. to 447. K.; AC
9.11	452.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 437. to 535. K.; AC
9.27	540.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 525. to 593. K.; AC
9.94	304.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 289. to 392. K. See also Dykyj, 1970.; AC
10.3	308.	N/A	Tamir, Dragoescu, et al., 1983	AC
9.63	340.	N/A	McDonald, Shrader, et al., 1959	Based on data from 325. to 391. K.; AC
9.94	318.	MM	Potter and Ritter, 1954	Based on data from 303. to 399. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-αT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

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Temperature (K)	298. to 392.
A (kcal/mol)	5.459
α	0.0184
β	-0.0454
T_c (K)	592.7
Reference	Majer and Svoboda, 1985

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference
290.26 to 391.01	4.67635	1642.54	-39.764	McDonald, Shrader, et al., 1959

Enthalpy of sublimation

Δ_subH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
16.1 ± 0.2	223.	TE,ME	Calis-Van Ginkel, Calis, et al., 1978	Based on data from 213. to 230. K.; AC
17. ± 0.2	213.	TE,ME	Calis-Van Ginkel, Calis, et al., 1978	Based on data from 213. to 230. K.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

Δ_fusH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
2.801	298.7	Domalski and Hearing, 1996	See also Martin and Andon, 1982.; AC
2.8031	289.9	Parks and Kelley, 1925	DH
2.588	289.8	Louguinine and Dupont, 1911	AC
2.753	283.7	Meyer, 1910	AC
2.6592	290.06	Pickering, 1895	DH

Entropy of fusion

Δ_fusS (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
9.673	289.9	Parks and Kelley, 1925	DH
9.168	290.06	Pickering, 1895	DH

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔH_trs (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Initial Phase	Final Phase	Reference	Comment
2.8011	298.69	crystaline, I	liquid	Martin and Andon, 1982	DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔS_trs (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Initial Phase	Final Phase	Reference	Comment
9.68	298.69	crystaline, I	liquid	Martin and Andon, 1982	DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (F^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	44.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	36.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M

C₂H₅O⁺ + Acetic acid = (C₂H₅O⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₅O⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	29.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	27.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	21.2	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (Cl^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	21.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	23.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δ_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	18.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	15.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	16.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M

+ = Acetic acid

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + H⁺ = C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	348.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Angel and Ervin, 2006	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	348.1 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	G+TS	Taft and Topsom, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	348.6 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Cumming and Kebarle, 1978	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	348.7 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	G+TS	Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	343.20 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	EIAE	Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	341.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Taft and Topsom, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	341.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Cumming and Kebarle, 1978	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	341.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

C₂H₇O⁺ + Acetic acid = (C₂H₇O⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.3	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.4	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	20.8	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

CH₆N⁺ + Acetic acid = (CH₆N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (CH₆N⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.3	459.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 3 Acetic acid ) + = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3C₂H₄O₂) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.2	245.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

( • 2 Acetic acid • ) + = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2C₂H₄O₂ • H₂O) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 3C₂H₄O₂ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.50 ± 0.60	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.73	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

( • Acetic acid • ) + = ( • 2 • )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₄O₂ • H₂O) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2C₂H₄O₂ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.69 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.81	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

+ = Acetic acid +

By formula: C₂H₃ClO + H₂O = C₂H₄O₂ + HCl

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-22.58	kcal/mol	Cm	Devore and O'Neal, 1969	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δ_rH°	-22.06	kcal/mol	Cm	Pritchard and Skinner, 1950	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis at 298 K, see Carson and Skinner, 1949; ALS
Δ_rH°	-22.09	kcal/mol	Cm	Carson and Skinner, 1949	liquid phase; ALS

+ = 2 Acetic acid

By formula: C₄H₆O₃ + H₂O = 2C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-13.53 ± 0.96	kcal/mol	Cm	Becker and Maelicke, 1967	liquid phase; ALS
Δ_rH°	-14.00 ± 0.09	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1962	liquid phase; ALS
Δ_rH°	-14.0 ± 0.1	kcal/mol	Cm	Conn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1942	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis at 303 K; ALS

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: I^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (I^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; B

C₂H₃O₂^- + = Acetic acid

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + H⁺ = C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	368.0 ± 3.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Grabowski and Cheng, 1989	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	367.8 ± 4.6	kcal/mol	EIAE	Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	361.2 ± 3.0	kcal/mol	IMRB	Grabowski and Cheng, 1989	gas phase; B

C₆H₅NO₂^- + Acetic acid = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • )

By formula: C₆H₅NO₂^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.60 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	14.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₆H₅O^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; calculated from CH3COO-.C6H5OH; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; calculated from CH3COO-.C6H5OH; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 2 Acetic acid ) + = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2C₂H₄O₂) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • Acetic acid ) + = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • C₂H₄O₂) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M

C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ + Acetic acid = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • )

By formula: C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984, 2	gas phase; M

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: C₄H₇NO₂ + H₂O = C₂H₅NO + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-4.33 ± 0.05	kcal/mol	Cm	Hill and Wadso, 1968	solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δ_rH°	-4.33 ± 0.05	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1965	solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

C₄H₁₀NO⁺ + Acetic acid = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₁₀NO⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984, 2	gas phase; M

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: C₂H₃IO + H₂O = HI + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-22.46	kcal/mol	Cm	Devore and O'Neal, 1969	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δ_rH°	-21.59	kcal/mol	Cm	Carson and Skinner, 1949	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

( • ) + Acetic acid = ( • • )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • H₂O) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₄O₂ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	20.4 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: C₄H₆O₃ + C₄H₁₁N = C₆H₁₃NO + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-27.06 ± 0.11	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1962	liquid phase; ALS
Δ_rH°	-39.13 ± 0.06	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1958	liquid phase; Heat of aminolysis; ALS

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: C₂H₃BrO + H₂O = HBr + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-23.31	kcal/mol	Cm	Devore and O'Neal, 1969	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δ_rH°	-23.06	kcal/mol	Cm	Carson and Skinner, 1949	liquid phase; ALS

+ Acetic acid = C₈H₉O₂S^-

By formula: C₆H₅S^- + C₂H₄O₂ = C₈H₉O₂S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.30 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.50 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B

( • 2 Acetic acid ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2C₂H₄O₂) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 3C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M

( • Acetic acid ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₄O₂) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: C₆H₅S^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₆H₅S^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (Li⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M

+ 2 = + 2 Acetic acid

By formula: C₈H₁₄O₄ + 2H₂O = C₄H₁₀O₂ + 2C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-5.33 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	Cm	Shlechter, Othmer, et al., 1945	liquid phase; Heat of formation derived by Cox and Pilcher, 1970; ALS

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: C₅H₆N₂O + H₂O = C₃H₄N₂ + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-4.83 ± 0.05	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1960	liquid phase; solvent: Aqueous; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ 2 Acetic acid = + 2

By formula: C₄H₁₀O₂ + 2C₂H₄O₂ = C₈H₁₄O₄ + 2H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	5.330	kcal/mol	Eqk	Shlechter, Othmer, et al., 1945	liquid phase; Heat of esterification at 338-453 K; ALS

+ Acetic acid = +

By formula: C₆H₁₂O₃ + C₂H₄O₂ = C₈H₁₄O₄ + H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	0.441	kcal/mol	Eqk	Shlechter, Othmer, et al., 1945	liquid phase; Heat of esterification at 338-453 K; ALS

+ 2 = + 2 Acetic acid

By formula: C₆H₉NO₃ + 2H₂O = C₂H₅NO + 2C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-24.74 ± 0.02	kcal/mol	Cm	Hill and Wadso, 1968	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

2 + = Acetic acid + 2

By formula: 2H₂O + C₄H₈O₂ = C₂H₄O₂ + 2CH₄O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-17.79 ± 0.86	kcal/mol	Cm	Guthrie and Liu, 1995	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ Acetic acid =

By formula: C₁₀H₁₄ + C₂H₄O₂ = C₁₂H₁₈O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-43.49 ± 0.08	kcal/mol	Cac	Wiberg, Connon, et al., 1979	liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid; ALS

+ = Acetic acid +

By formula: C₂H₄OS + H₂O = C₂H₄O₂ + H₂S

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-0.64 ± 0.07	kcal/mol	Cm	Sunner and Wadso, 1957	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = Acetic acid +

By formula: C₂H₅NO + H₂O = C₂H₄O₂ + H₃N

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.2 ± 0.33	kcal/mol	Cm	Hill and Wadso, 1968	solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ Acetic acid = +

By formula: C₆H₁₃NO + C₂H₄O₂ = C₈H₁₅NO₂ + H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	9.68 ± 0.12	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1965	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: C₅H₁₀OS + H₂O = C₃H₈S + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-0.93 ± 0.06	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1957	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ Acetic acid = C₁₀H₁₁NO₂ +

By formula: C₈H₉NO + C₂H₄O₂ = C₁₀H₁₁NO₂ + H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.88 ± 0.07	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1965	solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: C₉H₁₀O₂ + H₂O = C₇H₈O + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-4.39 ± 0.14	kcal/mol	Cm	Sunner, 1957	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: H₂O + C₆H₁₂OS = C₄H₁₀S + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-1.09 ± 0.06	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1957	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: C₃H₄N₄O + H₂O = CH₂N₄ + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-10.31 ± 0.09	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1960	solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: C₉H₈O₃S + H₂O = C₇H₆O₂S + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-2.75 ± 0.09	kcal/mol	Cm	Nelander, 1964	solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = + Acetic acid

By formula: C₈H₉NO + H₂O = C₆H₇N + C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-10.05 ± 0.06	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1965	solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Acetic acid + = +

By formula: C₂H₄O₂ + C₃H₆O = C₅H₈O₂ + H₂O

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	14.39 ± 0.06	kcal/mol	Cm	Sunner, 1957	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = Acetic acid +

By formula: C₄H₈OS + H₂O = C₂H₄O₂ + C₂H₆S

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-0.95 ± 0.06	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1957	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

+ = Acetic acid +

By formula: H₂O + C₅H₁₀OS = C₂H₄O₂ + C₃H₈S

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-1.39 ± 0.07	kcal/mol	Cm	Wadso, 1957	liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman

View reactions leading to C₂H₄O₂⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
IE (evaluated)	10.65 ± 0.02	eV	N/A	N/A	L
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	187.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	179.9	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.63	PI	Traeger, McLouglin, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
10.66	EI	Holmes, Fingas, et al., 1981	LLK
10.66 ± 0.05	EI	Holmes and Lossing, 1980	LLK
10.66	EI	Holmes and Lossing, 1980, 2	LLK
10.66 ± 0.05	PI	Akopyan and Villem, 1976	LLK
10.664 ± 0.003	PI	Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1974	LLK
10.644 ± 0.002	PI	Knowles and Nicholson, 1974	LLK
10.65	PE	Watanabe, Yokoyama, et al., 1973	LLK
10.69 ± 0.03	PE	Thomas, 1972	LLK
10.70	PE	Sweigart and Turner, 1972	LLK
10.37 ± 0.03	PI	Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962	RDSH
10.38 ± 0.03	PI	Vilesov, 1960	RDSH
10.35 ± 0.03	PI	Watanabe, 1957	RDSH
10.9	PE	Von Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980	Vertical value; LLK
10.84	PE	Carnovale, Gan, et al., 1980	Vertical value; LLK
10.63	PE	Benoit and Harrison, 1977	Vertical value; LLK
11.5	PE	Rao, 1975	Vertical value; LLK
10.87	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975	Vertical value; LLK
10.8	PE	Green and Hayes, 1975	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
C⁺	22.0 ± 0.5	H₂+HCOOH	EI	Stepanov, Perov, et al., 1988	LL
CHO₂⁺	12.27 ± 0.05	CH₃	EI	Haney and Franklin, 1969	RDSH
CHO₂⁺	12.9 ± 0.1	CH₃	EI	Shigorin, Filyugina, et al., 1966	RDSH
CH₃⁺	14.0 ± 0.15	?	EI	Haney and Franklin, 1969	RDSH
CH₃O⁺	12.05 ± 0.10	CHO	EI	Selim and Helal, 1981	LLK
CO⁺	15.3 ± 0.1	CH₃OH	EI	Shigorin, Filyugina, et al., 1966	RDSH
C₂H₃O⁺	11.54	OH	PI	Traeger, McLouglin, et al., 1982	LBLHLM
C₂H₃O⁺	11.75	OH	EI	Haney and Franklin, 1969	RDSH
C₂H₃O⁺	11.4 ± 0.15	OH	EI	Shigorin, Filyugina, et al., 1966	RDSH
OH⁺	15.1	?	EI	Majer, Patrick, et al., 1961	RDSH

De-protonation reactions

+ = Acetic acid

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + H⁺ = C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	348.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	CIDC	Angel and Ervin, 2006	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	348.1 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	G+TS	Taft and Topsom, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	348.6 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Cumming and Kebarle, 1978	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	348.7 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	G+TS	Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δ_rH°	343.20 ± 0.70	kcal/mol	EIAE	Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	341.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Taft and Topsom, 1987	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	341.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Cumming and Kebarle, 1978	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	341.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

C₂H₃O₂^- + = Acetic acid

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + H⁺ = C₂H₄O₂

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	368.0 ± 3.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Grabowski and Cheng, 1989	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	367.8 ± 4.6	kcal/mol	EIAE	Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	361.2 ± 3.0	kcal/mol	IMRB	Grabowski and Cheng, 1989	gas phase; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

CH₆N⁺ + Acetic acid = (CH₆N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (CH₆N⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	21.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
10.3	459.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

CO₃^- + Acetic acid = C₃H₄O₅^-

By formula: CO₃^- + C₂H₄O₂ = C₃H₄O₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.30 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 1998	gas phase; B

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	29.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M

( • Acetic acid ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₄O₂) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M

( • 2 Acetic acid ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2C₂H₄O₂) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 3C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	33.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; M

( • Acetic acid • ) + = ( • 2 • )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₄O₂ • H₂O) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2C₂H₄O₂ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	19.69 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.81	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

( • 2 Acetic acid • ) + = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • 2C₂H₄O₂ • H₂O) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • 3C₂H₄O₂ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.50 ± 0.60	kcal/mol	N/A	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	16.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	5.73	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Elmore, et al., 1999	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	6.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

( • ) + Acetic acid = ( • • )

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^- • H₂O) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₄O₂ • H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	20.4 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; B

C₂H₄NO₅^- + + Acetic acid = C₂H₆NO₆^-

By formula: C₂H₄NO₅^- + H₂O + C₂H₄O₂ = C₂H₆NO₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

C₂H₅O⁺ + Acetic acid = (C₂H₅O⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₅O⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	29.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	27.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	21.2	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • Acetic acid ) + = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • C₂H₄O₂) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 2 Acetic acid ) + = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 2C₂H₄O₂) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; M

(C₂H₅O⁺ • 3 Acetic acid ) + = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₂H₅O⁺ • 3C₂H₄O₂) + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₅O⁺ • 4C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	12.	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.2	245.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1992	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₂H₇O⁺ + Acetic acid = (C₂H₇O⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.3	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.4	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	20.8	kcal/mol	ICR	Larson and McMahon, 1982	gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

C₃H₄O₅^- + + Acetic acid = C₃H₆O₆^-

By formula: C₃H₄O₅^- + H₂O + C₂H₄O₂ = C₃H₆O₆^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	4.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000	gas phase; B

C₄H₁₀NO⁺ + Acetic acid = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₁₀NO⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₄H₁₀NO⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984, 2	gas phase; M

C₆H₅NO₂^- + Acetic acid = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • )

By formula: C₆H₅NO₂^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₆H₅NO₂^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.60 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	14.60 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: C₆H₅O^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₆H₅O^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; calculated from CH3COO-.C6H5OH; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner and Sieck, 1986	gas phase; calculated from CH3COO-.C6H5OH; M

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: C₆H₅S^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₆H₅S^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	26.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; M

+ Acetic acid = C₈H₉O₂S^-

By formula: C₆H₅S^- + C₂H₄O₂ = C₈H₉O₂S^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	20.30 ± 0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.50 ± 0.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck and Meot-ner, 1989	gas phase; B

C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ + Acetic acid = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • )

By formula: C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (C₆H₁₂NO₃⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds with polydentate bonding in positive ions

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	18.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984, 2	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	27.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner, 1984, 2	gas phase; M

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (Cl^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	24.40 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	21.6 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971	gas phase; B,M
Δ_rH°	23.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.0	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δ_rS°	19.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	18.60 ± 0.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Sieck, 1985	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	15.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971	gas phase; B
Δ_rG°	16.7 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B,M

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (F^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	44.1 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	25.6	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	36.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: I^- + C₂H₄O₂ = (I^- • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	10.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984	gas phase; B

+ Acetic acid = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₂H₄O₂ = (Li⁺ • C₂H₄O₂)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.5	kcal/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M

+ Acetic acid = C₂H₄NO₄^-

By formula: NO₂^- + C₂H₄O₂ = C₂H₄NO₄^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	12.20 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 1998	gas phase; B

+ Acetic acid = C₂H₄NO₅^-

By formula: NO₃^- + C₂H₄O₂ = C₂H₄NO₅^-

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rG°	11.80 ± 0.20	kcal/mol	IMRE	Viidanoja, Reiner, et al., 1998	gas phase; B

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner	NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin	Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW- 80
NIST MS number	227635

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.

UV/Visible spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Source	Briegleb and Strohmeier, 1946
Owner	INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin	INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference	RAS UV No. 2843
Instrument	n.i.g.
Sample temp. (C)	210
Sample pressure	309 mm Hg
Melting point	16.6
Boiling point	117.9

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	SE-30	120.	590.	Viani, Müggler-Chavan, et al., 1965	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Supelcowax	1465.	Riu-Aumatell, Castellari, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Supelcowax	1465.	Riu-Aumatell, Castellari, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1408.	Nishimura, Yamaguchi, et al., 1989	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1400.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1400.	Shibamoto, Kamiya, et al., 1981	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1447.	Garruti, Franco, et al., 2001	H2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 50 0C (8 min) 4 K/min -> 110 0C 16 K/min -> 200 0C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SPB-5	602.	Engel and Ratel, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5MS	646.	Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
Capillary	DB-5	645.	Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5	602.	Bylaite and Meyer, 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 50. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Mega 5MS	661.	Condurso, Verzera, et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	600.	Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-5MS	600.	Whetstine, Cadwallader, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	625.	Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	649.	Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SPB-5	600.	Píno, Marbot, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	663.	Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	606.	Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	DB-1	660.4	Helmig, Klinger, et al., 1999	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, -50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 175. C
Capillary	SPB-5	625.	Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
Capillary	DB-1	625.	Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; T_start: -50. C; T_end: 180. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5	600.	Özel, Gögüs, et al., 2006	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	599.	Klesk and Qian, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-1	594.	Place, Imhof, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 10C/min => 45C (5min) => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	DB-5	600.	Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 240C
Capillary	SE-54	605.	Tairu, Hofmann, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C (5min) => 10C/min => 230C (5min)
Capillary	SE-54	610.	Buettner and Schieberle, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	BPX-5	665.	Bredie, Mottram, et al., 1998	50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: OC (5min) => 60C/min => 60C(5min) => 4C/min => 250C
Capillary	SE-54	600.	Fickert and Schieberle, 1998	25. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 4C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 240C
Capillary	SE-54	610.	Hinterholzer, Lemos, et al., 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10 min)
Capillary	SE-54	610.	Hinterholzer and Schieberie, 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	SE-54	645.	Münch, Hofmann, et al., 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C (2min) => 240C (10min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	642.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified
Packed	SE-30	642.	Peng, Ding, et al., 1988	Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1449.	Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1452.	Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
Capillary	FFAP	1445.	Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
Capillary	FFAP	1435.	Lozano P.R., Miracle E.R., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 225. C @ 25. min
Capillary	HP-20M	1402.	Politeo, Jukic, et al., 2007	50. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 70. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 180. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1452.	Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1427.	Quijano, Linares, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1460.	Ruiz Perez-Cacho, Mahattanatawee, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 7. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	FFAP	1436.	Steinhaus and Schieberle, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1461.	Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1452.	Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1449.	Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1429.	Osorio, Alarcon, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1460.	Petka, Ferreira, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 8. min
Capillary	LM-120	1464.	Pinto, Guedes, et al., 2006	50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 30. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1479.	Whetstine M.E.C., Drake M.A., et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1463.	Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 203. C
Capillary	OV-351	1434.	Bonvehí, 2005	50. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1441.	Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1424.	Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1453.	Cros, Lignot, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1467.	Fang and Qian, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1433.	Gancel, Ollitrault, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	Innowax	1486.	Lee, Lee, et al., 2005	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1463.	Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1480.	Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
Capillary	Innowax	1465.	Pena, Barciela, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1443.	Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1436.	Verzera, Campisi, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 0.17 min, 2. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1464.	Wu, Zorn, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1448.	Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1448.	Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1434.	Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.15 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 1.8 K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1460.	Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1429.	Varming, Petersen, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 25. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1444.	Aubert, Günata, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 2. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1418.	Brat, Rega, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	Stabilwax	1453.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1433.	Gancel, Ollitrault, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 1.5 K/min, 245. C @ 20. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	AT-Wax	1442.	Pino, Almora, et al., 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1449.	Valim, Rouseff, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 7. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min; T_start: 40. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1488.	Claudela, Dirningera, et al., 2002	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 2.7 K/min, 235. C @ 30. min; T_start: 67. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1419.	Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1434.	Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	AT-Wax	1443.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1431.	Karagül-Yüceer, Drake, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	AT-Wax	1443.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1452.	Shimoda, Yoshimura, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1436.	Verzera, Campisi, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 45. C @ 0.17 min, 2. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1426.	Charles, Martin, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1472.	Chung, 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min; T_start: 35. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1440.	Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1442.	Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1484.	Peng, 2000	15. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1450.	Chevance and Farmer, 1999	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1472.	Chung, 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	FFAP	1468.	Stephan and Steinhart, 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1447.	Cha, Kim, et al., 1998	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1434.	Cha, Kim, et al., 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1440.	Moio and Addeo, 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1442.	Moio and Addeo, 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1442.	Moio and Addeo, 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	FFAP	1498.	Ott, Fay, et al., 1997	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1442.	Ott, Fay, et al., 1997	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1460.	Ott, Fay, et al., 1997	60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 20. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1462.	Ott, Fay, et al., 1997	60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 20. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1462.	Ott, Fay, et al., 1997	60. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He, 20. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1435.	Shimoda, Peralta, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1445.	Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1451.	Shimoda, Wu, et al., 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1435.	Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1435.	Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1459.	Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1459.	Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994	He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-20M	1404.	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1471.	Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1442.	Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1484.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 1992	He, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1424.	Humpf and Schreier, 1991	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1415.	Krammer, Winterhalter, et al., 1991	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 58CB	1431.	Pabst, Barron, et al., 1991	30. m/0.25 mm/0.22 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1415.	Suárez and Duque, 1991	2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1425.	Suárez and Duque, 1991	2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1415.	Suárez, Duque, et al., 1991	30. m/0.259 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1418.	Suárez, Duque, et al., 1991	30. m/0.259 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1415.	Suárez, Duque, et al., 1991	30. m/0.259 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1419.	Suárez, Duque, et al., 1991	30. m/0.259 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1415.	Frohlich and Schreier, 1990	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1415.	Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1419.	Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1403.	Schwab, Mahr, et al., 1989	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1455.	Chen, Kuo, et al., 1986	He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1480.	Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1460.	Escudero, Campo, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 4C/min => 100C6C/min => 136C => 3C/min => 220C (10min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1450.	Romeo, Ziino, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1463.	Condurso, Verzera, et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
Capillary	FFAP	1448.	Frauendorfer and Schieberle, 2006	25. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 60C(1min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1446.	Guillot, Peytavi, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C => 5C/min => 200C => 6C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	Stabilwax	1463.	Natali N., Chinnici F., et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 3C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 240C(10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1461.	Campo, Ferreira, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 4C/min => 100C => 6C/min => 200C
Capillary	FFAP	1453.	Fritsch and Schieberle, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 20C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1478.	Ranau, Kleeberg, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C(13.5min)
Capillary	FFAP	1478.	Ranau and Steinhart, 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C (13.5min)
Capillary	FFAP	1478.	Ranau and Steinhart, 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C (13.5min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1430.	Schuh and Schieberle, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 6C/min => 150C => 20C/min => 230C
Capillary	Stabilwax	1486.	Wang, Finn, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	Stabilwax	1476.	Wang, Finn, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1445.	Ferrari, Lablanquie, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(0.7min) => 20C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 240C
Capillary	Stabilwax	1461.	Klesk, Qian, et al., 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1461.	Verzera, Ziino, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 10C/min => 80C => 2C/min => 240C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1460.	Alasalvar, Shahidi, et al., 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 5C/min => 60C => 2.5C/min => 155C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1425.	Huynh-Ba, Matthey-Doret, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	Stabilwax	1467.	Klesk and Qian, 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 5C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1430.	Engel and Schieberle, 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 230C (15min)
Capillary	FFAP	1447.	Fuhrmann and Grosch, 2002	25. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 5C/min => 170C => 20C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1443.	Jezussek, Juliano, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 240C
Capillary	FFAP	1444.	Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 60C/min => 50C (2min) => 6C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1461.	Koprivnjak, Conte, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C(4min) => 10C/min => 70C => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1453.	Zehentbauer and Reineccius, 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35 0C (2 min) 40 K/min -> 60 0C (2 min) 6 K/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	FFAP	1444.	Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 240C(10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1413.	Boulanger and Crouzet, 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 60C(3min) => 2C/min => 220C => 5C/min => 250C (15min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1431.	Munk, Munch, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (5min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1428.	Munk, Munch, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (5min)
Capillary	FFAP	1439.	Tairu, Hofmann, et al., 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C (5min) => 10C/min => 230C (5min)
Capillary	FFAP	1450.	Buettner and Schieberle, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1451.	Derail, Hofmann, et al., 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1420.	Fickert and Schieberle, 1998	25. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1450.	Hinterholzer, Lemos, et al., 1998	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1486.6	Yang, Chyau, et al., 1998	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C => 2.5C/min => 150C => 1.5C/min => 210C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1486.6	Yang, Chyau, et al., 1998	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C => 2.5C/min => 150C => 1.5C/min => 210C
Capillary	FFAP	1451.	Kubícková and Grosch, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1436.	Münch, Hofmann, et al., 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 240C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1462.	Yasuhara, 1987	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C (5min) => 2C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 210C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Optima-5 MS	609.	Goeminne, Vandendriessche, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 3. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	640.	Cais-Sokolinska, Majcher, et al., 2011	25. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	VF-5 MS	587.	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	VF-5 MS	588.	Leffingwell and Alford, 2011	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; T_start: 30. C
Capillary	DB-5 MS	623.	Majcher, Lawrowski, et al., 2010	25. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	602.	Pino, Marquez, et al., 2010	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-5	641.	Mildner-Szkudlarz and Jelen, 2008	10. m/0.10 mm/0.40 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min
Capillary	RTX-5	622.	Pham, Schilling, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 20. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	RTX-5	610.	Berdague, Tournayre, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 205. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	600.	Gogus, Ozel, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 7. min, 15. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	615.	Ramirez R. and Cava R., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	615.	Ramirez R. and Cava R., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	662.	Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5	658.	Fadel, Mageed, et al., 2006, 2	He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5	600.	Ozel, Gogus, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 0.5 min, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 2. min
Capillary	HP-5MS	660.	Krist, Stuebiger, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 38. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 2. min
Capillary	MDN-5	649.	van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	OV-101	638.	Zenkevich, 2005	25. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	660.	Ramírez, Estévez, et al., 2004	0. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	MDN-5	641.	Mildner-Szkudlarz, Jelen, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min, 280. C @ 1. min
Capillary	DB-5	600.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 40. min
Capillary	SPB-1	617.	Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SPB-1	617.	Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	RSL-200	603.	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	RSL-200	603.	Jirovetz, Smith, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5	606.	Joffraud, Leroi, et al., 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	AT-1	584.	Kelling, 2001	He, 50. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	637.	Suriyaphan, Drake, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
Capillary	DB-5	628.	Kotseridis and Baumes, 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	628.	Kotseridis and Baumes, 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
Capillary	OV-101	580.	Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000	Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	620.77	Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	SE-54	616.	Ding, Deng, et al., 1998	35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-1	650.	Tai and Ho, 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	DB-1	650.	Tai and Ho, 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	DB-5	608.	Kondjoyan, Viallon, et al., 1997	60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 2. min
Capillary	Ultra-2	602.	King, Matthews, et al., 1995	50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-1	611.	Yu, Wu, et al., 1994	60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-1	600.	Yu, Wu, et al., 1994	60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-1	622.	Yu, Wu, et al., 1994, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-1	646.	Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992	60. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-1	621.	Habu, Flath, et al., 1985	3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 0. C; T_end: 250. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	630.	Mondello, 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5 MS	662.	Grzeszczuk, Wesolowska, et al., 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 30 0C/min -> 60 0C 6 0C/min -> 230 0C (10 min)
Capillary		600.	Karimi, Farmany, et al., 2011	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5 MS	600.	Pino, Marquez, et al., 2010	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	600.	San-Juan, Petka, et al., 2010	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
Capillary	SE-54	600.	Christlbauer and Schieberle, 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (2 min) 10 0C/min -> 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	RTX-5 MS	606.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	595.	Pugliese, Sirtori, et al., 2009	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	638.	Rotsatschakul, Visesanguan, et al., 2009	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (2 min) 2 0Cmin -> 60 0C 10 0C/min -> 100 0C 20 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (10 min)
Capillary	DB-5	610.	Buettner, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5	600.	Greger and Schieberle, 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 7C/min => 110C => 5C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C(10min)
Capillary	SE-54	600.	Lasekan, Buettner, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-5 MS	594.	Liu, Xu, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 100 0C 4 0C/min -> 180 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (12 min)
Capillary	DB-5	601.	Pellicer, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	BP-5	616.	Helsper, Bücking, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 4C/min => 150C => 8C/min => 250C (15min)
Capillary	BPX-5	618.	Duflos, Moine, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(5min) => 5C/min => 100C => 20C/min => 280C (5min)
Capillary	HP-5	622.	Himanen, Vuorinen, et al., 2005	50. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 5C/min => 210C => 20C/min => 250C(8min)
Capillary	HP-5	606.	Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-54	610.	Buettner and Welle, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	SE-54	610.	Buettner and Welle, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	SE-54	610.	Buettner, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	SE-54	610.	Buettner, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	SE-54	610.	Buettner, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	HP-5	591.	Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	DB-5	591.	Garcia-Estaban, Ansorena, et al., 2004, 2	50. m/0.32 mm/1.05 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 5C/min => 200C => 20C/min => 250C (5min)
Capillary	SE-30	630.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl phenyl siloxane (not specified)	612.	Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	644.	Dittmann and Nitz, 2000	Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-54	612.	Ding, Deng, et al., 1998	Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-54	614.	Ding, Deng, et al., 1998	Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5	622.	Timón, Ventanas, et al., 1998	50. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 35 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C (50 min)
Capillary	DB-5	645.	Mateo, Aguirrezábal, et al., 1997	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C(10min)
Capillary	SE-54	600.	Schermann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
Capillary	DB-5	645.	Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
Capillary	DB-5	645.	Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996	50. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	634.	Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	648.	Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	648.	Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min
Capillary	SE-54	660.	Um, Bailey, et al., 1992	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C 2 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	SE-54	660.	Suzuki and Bailey, 1985	Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C(5min) => 8C/min => 200C => 2C/min => 250C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1465.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 9999	25. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1476.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 9999	25. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1431.	Onishi, Inoue, et al., 2011	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1465.	Osorio, Carriazo, et al., 2011	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	FFAP	1429.	Piyachaiseth, Jirapakkul, et al., 2011	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1439.	Kumazawa, Sakai, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1455.	Miyazawa, Fujita, et al., 2010	Helium, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1465.	Moon and Shibamoto, 2010	60. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 210. C @ 70. min
Capillary	FFAP	1450.	Christlbauer and Schieberle, 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1450.	Laselan, Buettner, et al., 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 0. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	CP-Wax	1445.	Mo, Fan, et al., 2009	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1468.	Moon and Shibamoto, 2009	60. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 210. C @ 70. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1441.	Zhao, Xu, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1464.	Caldeira, de Sousa, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 10. min, 3.5 K/min, 180. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1425.	Guo, Wu, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1425.	Guo, Wu, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1471.	Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008	50. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1460.	Thakeow, Angeli, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 1.5 min, 6.5 K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	CP Wax 52 CB	1436.	Chen, Chyau, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	Stabilwax	1453.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2007	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1469.	Dury-Brun, Fournier, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	FFAP	1478.	Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 320. C @ 45. min
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1462.	Povolo, Contarini, et al., 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	RTX-Wax	1436.	Prososki, Etzel, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1424.	Xu, Fan, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1448.	Cai, Lin, et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1424.	Fan and Qian, 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1473.	Fan and Qian, 2006, 2	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1433.	Komes, Ulrich, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1449.	Lan Phi N.T., Nishiyama C., et al., 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 70. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax Etr	1485.	Perestrelo, Fernandes, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1477.	Wierda R.L., Fletcher G., et al., 2006	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1473.	Fan and Qian, 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1458.	de la Fuente, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2005	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 30. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1409.	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	Stabilwax DA	1470.	Nogueira, Lubachevsky, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1471.	Qian and Wang, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 30. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1454.	N/A	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	ZB-Wax	1466.	N/A	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	PEG-20M	1466.	Yao, Guo, et al., 2005	60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 30. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1457.	Chida, Sone, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1477.	Culleré, Escudero, et al., 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1455.	Ishikawa, Ito, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1448.	Jiang and Kubota, 2004	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1448.	Jiang and Kubota, 2004	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1466.	López, Ezpeleta, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1463.	López, Guzmán, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 120. C @ 3. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1471.	Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 2004	50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, He, 45. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 50. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1455.	Yanagimoto, Ochi, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1474.	Alves and Franco, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Stabilwax	1453.	Cros, Vandanjon, et al., 2003, 2	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1449.	Dregus and Engel, 2003	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 25. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1447.	Kumazawa and Masuda, 2003	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1454.	Kumazawa and Masuda, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1434.	Lee and Noble, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 185. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1451.	Lin, Cai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1467.	López, Ortín, et al., 2003	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1459.	Miyazawa and Okuno, 2003	He, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C
Capillary	Innowax	1475.	Suleimenov, Atazharova, et al., 2003	He, 60. C @ 10. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	DB-Wax	1451.	Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1451.	Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1448.	Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1442.	Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1465.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 2003	25. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1476.	Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 2003	25. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 15. K/min; T_start: 45. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1443.	Czerny and Schieberle, 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	BP-20	1452.	Darriet, Pons, et al., 2002	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 45. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1461.	Ferreira, Ortín, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1433.	Fu, Yoon, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
Capillary	RTX-Wax	1451.	Galindo-Cuspinera, Lubran, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 180. C @ 20. min
Capillary	FFAP	1410.	Lecanu, Ducruet, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	TC-WAX FFS	1453.	Miyazawa, Maehara, et al., 2002	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1415.	Osorio, Duque, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1432.	Osorio, Duque, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	HP-FFAP	1460.	Qian and Reineccius, 2002	25. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, 60. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
Capillary	HP-Wax	1480.	Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1424.	Suhardi, Suzuki, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1437.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1452.	Aznar, López, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
Capillary	EC-1000	1455.	Bendall, 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 15. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1422.	Duque, Bonilla, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; T_start: 25. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1452.	Ferreira, Aznar, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
Capillary	HP-Wax	1480.	Maeztu, Sanz, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1441.	Miyazawa, Kurose, et al., 2001	He, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 47. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 80. C
Capillary	HP-Wax	1480.	Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1452.	Suriyaphan, Drake, et al., 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 195. C @ 40. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1451.	Weckerle, Bastl-Borrmann, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1435.	Wei, Mura, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1440.	Buttery, Light, et al., 2000	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 170. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1465.	Franco and Shibamoto, 2000	He, 50. C @ 8. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1449.	Kotseridis and Baumes, 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1449.	Kotseridis and Baumes, 2000	30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 60. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 245. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1424.	Parada, Duque, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1430.	Parada, Duque, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1457.	Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000	Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1432.	Xue, Ye, et al., 2000	He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 190. C @ 20. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1450.	Hwan and Chou, 1999	50. m/0.32 mm/0.22 μm, H2, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 190. C @ 21. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1450.	Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1449.	Iwatsuki, Mizota, et al., 1999	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1454.	Lopez, Ferreira, et al., 1999	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 190. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1460.	Ngassoum, Yonkeu, et al., 1999	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1440.	Buttery and Ling, 1998	30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 170. C @ 30. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1470.	Campeanu, Burcea, et al., 1998	60. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1430.	Chatonnet and Dubourdieu, 1998	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min; T_start: 35. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1424.	Parada and Duque, 1998	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1446.	Parada and Duque, 1998	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
Capillary	Innowax	1451.	Petersen, Poll, et al., 1998	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 25. min
Capillary	PEG-20M	1430.	Awano, Honda, et al., 1997	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1445.	Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997	He, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1459.	Wada and Shibamoto, 1997	He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	PEG-20M	1415.	Kubota, Matsujage, et al., 1996	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 2. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1460.	Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996	80. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1488.	Wong and Lai, 1996	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1418.	Christensen and Reineccius, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 20. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1448.	Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995	He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1405.	Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1410.	Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992	He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1410.	Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1992	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1405.	Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991	He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	PEG-20M	1417.	Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991	N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1451.	Binder, Flath, et al., 1989	50. C @ 0.1 min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1471.	Hsieh, Williams, et al., 1989	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 1. K/min; T_end: 175. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1403.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1413.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1403.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1413.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1988	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	FFAP	1425.	Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1988	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	FFAP	1425.	Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1988	He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1403.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1413.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1403.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1413.	Mihara, Tateba, et al., 1987	N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1430.	Buttery, Kamm, et al., 1984	1. K/min, 170. C @ 30. min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.64 mm; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1430.	Buttery, Ling, et al., 1983	50. C @ 30. min, 1. K/min, 170. C @ 60. min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.64 mm

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1448.	Gyawali and Kim, 2012	60. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1458.	Lee, Chong, et al., 2012	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1451.	Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1457.	Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1446.	Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1449.	Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 140 0C 10 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1450.	Johanningsmeier and McFeeters, 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP-Wax 52 CB	1462.	Povolo, Cabassi, et al., 2011	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1445.	Sampaio, Garruti, et al., 2011	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 35 0C (9 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 1 0C/min -> 100 0C 16 0C/min -> 210 0C (20 min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1473.	Xiao, Dai, et al., 2011	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 3 0C/min -> 150 0C 5 0C/min -> 220 0C (5 min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1492.	Cajka, Riddellova, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (1 min) 5 oC/min -> 170 0C 10 0C/min -> 260 0C (1 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1452.	San-Juan, Petka, et al., 2010	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1452.	Ferreira, Juan, et al., 2009	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 220 0C (40 min)
Capillary	Polyethylene glycol (Free Fatty Acid Phase)	1447.	Harraca, Syed, et al., 2009	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Polyethylene glycol (Free Fatty Acid Phase)	1449.	Harraca, Syed, et al., 2009	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	Polyethylene glycol (Free Fatty Acid Phase)	1457.	Harraca, Syed, et al., 2009	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1456.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 2 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1454.	Mebazaa, Mahmoudi, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1445.	Zhao, Xu, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	FFAP	1462.	Frauendorfer and Schieberle, 2008	Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1448.	Shu and Shen, 2008	30. m/0.53 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 7 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
Capillary	SOLGel-Wax	1443.	Shu and Shen, 2008	30. m/0.53 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	Supelcowax 10	1498.	Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1445.	Tao, Wenlai, et al., 2008	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 50 0C 20 0C/min -> 80 0C 3 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	PEG 20M	1450.	Zhang, Zhang, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 60 0C 6 0C/min -> 130 0C 10 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1480.	Berard, Bianchi, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1449.	Buettner, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1451.	Buettner, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1410.	Dury-Brun, Fournier, et al., 2007	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1440.	Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1450.	Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1443.	Greger and Schieberle, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(1min) => 7C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1428.	Lasekan, Buettner, et al., 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 50C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	BP-20	1457.	Pontes, Marques, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 220C
Capillary	BP-20	1457.	Pontes, Marques, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 220C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1409.	Selli, 2007	30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 220 0C 3 0C/min -> 245 0C (20 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1441.	Tian, Zhang, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 150 0C 8 0C/min -> 230 0C (15 min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1454.	Viegas and Bassoli, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 8 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1459.	Viegas and Bassoli, 2007	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1476.	Weldegergis B.T., Tredoux A.G.J., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 30C(2min) => 4C/min => 130C => 8C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	PEG-20M	1450.	Zhang C., Zhang H., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 5C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1432.	Gyawalia, Seo, et al., 2006	60. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 220C(20min) => 5C/min => 230C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1452.	Kourkoutas, Bosnea, et al., 2006	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(3min) => 5C/min => 110C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1418.	Krings, Zelena, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1401.	Krings, Zelena, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 45C(5min) => 5C/min => 150C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
Capillary	HP-Innowax	1425.	Quijano and Pino, 2006	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 50 0C (4 min) -> 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1436.	Editorial paper, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1451.	Editorial paper, 2005	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1453.	Mattheis, Fan, et al., 2005	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C (5min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1449.	Buettner and Welle, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1449.	Buettner and Welle, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C(10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1449.	Buettner, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1449.	Buettner, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1449.	Buettner, 2004	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1461.	Escudero, Gogorza, et al., 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1447.	Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 200 0C
Capillary	BP-21	1435.	Salinas, Zalacain, et al., 2004	50. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C => 2.5C/min => 180C(2min) => 1C/min => 200C(10min)
Capillary	PEG-20M	1447.	Garruti, Franco, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C(8min) => 4C/min => 110C => 16C/min => 200C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1434.	Triqui and Bouchriti, 2003	30. m/0.3 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 35C (1min) => 40C/min => 60C (5min) => 4C/min => 220C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1446.	Escalona, Birkmyre, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(5min) => 7C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C(10min)
Capillary	TRWAX	1476.	Torrens, 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified
Capillary	FFAP	1450.	Buettner and Schieberle, 2001	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 230C (10min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1447.	Escalona, Birkmyre, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(5min) => 7C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C(10min)
Capillary	Nukol	1468.	López and Dufour, 2001	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 45C(5min) => 20C/min => 100C(1min) => 3C/min => 190C(40min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1430.	Mayorga, Knapp, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C(4min) => 4C/min => 130C => 1C/min => 190C => 4C/min => 220C(20min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1439.	Mayorga, Knapp, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C(4min) => 4C/min => 130C => 1C/min => 190C => 4C/min => 220C(20min)
Capillary	Innowax	1475.	Özcan, Akgül, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 200C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1425.	Teai, Claude-Lafontaine, et al., 2001	50. m/0.2 mm/0.2 μm, N2; Program: 60C => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 220C
Capillary	FFAP	1408.	Tucker, Maciarello, et al., 2001	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm; Program: 60C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 115C => 1C/min => 210C(30min)
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1457.	Muresan, Eillebrecht, et al., 2000	50. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 190C => 10C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	FFAP	1453.	Reiners and Grosch, 1998	25. m/0.32 mm/0.3 μm; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C(1min) => 6C/min => 230C
Capillary	PEG	1463.	Vas, Gal, et al., 1998	40. m/0.182 mm/0.30 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 100 0C 3 0C/min -> 200 0C (1 min) 20 0C/min -> 240 0C (2 min)
Capillary	FFAP	1431.	Zehentbauer and Grosch, 1998	25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 230C
Capillary	DB-FFAP	1435.	Guth, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C (1min) => 40C/min => 60C (1min) => 6C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	FFAP	1439.	Schermann and Schieberle, 1997	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (2min) => 40C/min => 60C (2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 10C/min => 240C
Capillary	Polyethylene Glycol	1428.	Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995	Program: not specified
Capillary	FFAP	1435.	Guth and Grosch, 1994	Program: not specified
Capillary	FFAP	1446.	Schieberle and Grosch, 1994	He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 35C => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 4C/min => 240C
Capillary	FFAP	1455.	Blank and Schieberle, 1993	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (2 min) 40 0C/min -> 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 180 0C 10 0C/min -> 230 0C (10 min)
Capillary	FFAP	1435.	Guth and Grosch, 1993	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1409.	Hatsuko, Kazuko, et al., 1992	He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1454.	Mattheis, Buchanan, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C(5min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1454.	Mattheis, Buchanan, et al., 1992	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C(5min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1430.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1430.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1450.	Binder, Flath, et al., 1989	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
P_c	Critical pressure
S°_gas	Entropy of gas at standard conditions
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
T	Temperature
T_boil	Boiling point
T_c	Critical temperature
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
T_triple	Triple point temperature
ΔH_trs	Enthalpy of phase transition
ΔS_trs	Entropy of phase transition
Δ_cH°_liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fusH	Enthalpy of fusion
Δ_fusS	Entropy of fusion
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_subH	Enthalpy of sublimation
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
Δ_vapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
ρ_c	Critical density

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
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Acetic acid

Data at NIST subscription sites:

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Enthalpy of phase transition

Entropy of phase transition

Reaction thermochemistry data

Reactions 1 to 50

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Gas phase ion energetics data

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

Ion clustering data

Clustering reactions

Free energy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Spectrum

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Credits

Additional Data

UV/Visible spectrum

Spectrum

Help

Credits

Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

References

Notes