Ethanol

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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil351.5 ± 0.2KAVGN/AAverage of 138 out of 148 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus159. ± 2.KAVGN/AAverage of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple150. ± 20.KAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc514. ± 7.KAVGN/AAverage of 37 out of 38 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc62. ± 4.atmAVGN/AAverage of 18 out of 19 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.168l/molN/AGude and Teja, 1995 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc6.0 ± 0.2mol/lAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap10.1 ± 0.1kcal/molAVGN/AAverage of 12 out of 13 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
9.216351.5N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
9.97326.N/AMejia, Segura, et al., 2010Based on data from 311. to 351. K.; AC
9.39338.N/AAucejo, Loras, et al., 1999Based on data from 323. to 357. K.; AC
9.73321.EBDiogo, Santos, et al., 1995Based on data from 309. to 343. K.; AC
9.68357.N/AOrtega, Susial, et al., 1990Based on data from 342. to 357. K.; AC
8.41393.CVine and Wormald, 1989AC
7.31423.CVine and Wormald, 1989AC
6.14453.CVine and Wormald, 1989AC
5.21473.CVine and Wormald, 1989AC
4.13493.CVine and Wormald, 1989AC
3.39503.CVine and Wormald, 1989AC
9.78320.CDong, Lin, et al., 1988AC
9.66328.CDong, Lin, et al., 1988AC
9.61335.CDong, Lin, et al., 1988AC
9.42344.CDong, Lin, et al., 1988AC
9.27351.CDong, Lin, et al., 1988AC
9.87335.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 320. to 359. K.; AC
10.9256.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 210. to 271. K.; AC
11.208.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 193. to 223. K.; AC
9.87335.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 320. to 359. K.; AC
9.58361.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 349. to 374. K.; AC
9.35385.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 370. to 464. K.; AC
8.63474.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 459. to 514. K.; AC
10.2307.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 292. to 353. K.; AC
10.2308.A,EBStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 293. to 366. K. See also Ambrose, Counsell, et al., 1970.; AC
10.3286.N/AWilhoit and Zwolinski, 1973Based on data from 271. to 373. K.; AC
9.80 ± 0.02320.CCounsell, Fenwick, et al., 1970AC
9.56 ± 0.02335.CCounsell, Fenwick, et al., 1970AC
9.25 ± 0.02351.CCounsell, Fenwick, et al., 1970AC
10.1303.N/AVan Ness, Soczek, et al., 1967Based on data from 288. to 348. K.; AC
10.1313.N/AKretschmer and Wiebe, 1949Based on data from 298. to 351. K.; AC
9.56351.N/AOguri, Anjo, et al., 1934AC
12.9301.N/AKahlbaum, 1883Based on data from 286. to 351. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-αTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) 298. to 469.
A (kcal/mol) 12.05
α -0.4475
β 0.4989
Tc (K) 513.9
ReferenceMajer and Svoboda, 1985

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
364.8 to 513.914.919601432.526-61.819Ambrose, Sprake, et al., 1975Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
292.77 to 366.635.241061598.673-46.424Ambrose and Sprake, 1970Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
273. to 351.705.366581670.409-40.191Kretschmer and Wiebe, 1949Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
1.189159.Yoshida, 1944DH
1.200158.5Kelley, 1929DH
1.106156.2Gibson, Parks, et al., 1920DH
1.11158.8Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC
1.186158.7Parks, 1925DH

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
7.48159.Yoshida, 1944DH
7.572158.5Kelley, 1929DH
5.072158.7Parks, 1925DH

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
6.730111.4Domalski and Hearing, 1996CAL
6.991158.8
1.2127.5
7.41159.

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔHtrs (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
0.158127.5crystaline, IIliquidHaida, Suga, et al., 1977DH
1.179159.00crystaline, IliquidHaida, Suga, et al., 1977DH
0.7500111.4crystaline, IIcrystaline, INikolaev, Rabinovich, et al., 1967DH
1.110158.8crystaline, IliquidNikolaev, Rabinovich, et al., 1967DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔStrs (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
1.24127.5crystaline, IIliquidHaida, Suga, et al., 1977DH
7.412159.00crystaline, IliquidHaida, Suga, et al., 1977DH
6.733111.4crystaline, IIcrystaline, INikolaev, Rabinovich, et al., 1967DH
6.989158.8crystaline, IliquidNikolaev, Rabinovich, et al., 1967DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C2H6O+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)10.48 ± 0.07eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)185.6kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity178.kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Proton affinity at 298K

Proton affinity (kcal/mol) Reference Comment
186.3 ± 0.2Tabrizchi and Shooshtari, 2003T = 403-453K; Authors report only relative PAs. Absolute values are referenced here to PA(CH3COOC2H5) = 835.7 kJ/mol as listed in Hunter and Lias, 1998, although average PA(CH3COOC2H5) from the literature sources in Hunter and Lias, 1998 is 831.0 kJ/mol; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.41 ± 0.05EIHolmes and Lossing, 1991LL
10.4PEOhno, Imai, et al., 1985LBLHLM
10.47 ± 0.07EIBowen and Maccoll, 1984LBLHLM
10.3PEOhno, Imai, et al., 1983LBLHLM
10.5EIMishchanchuk, Pokrovskii, et al., 1982LBLHLM
10.7PEVon Niessen, Bieri, et al., 1980LLK
10.49 ± 0.01PIPotapov and Sorokin, 1972LLK
10.46 ± 0.02PECocksey, Eland, et al., 1971LLK
10.65PEBaker, Betteridge, et al., 1971LLK
10.46PEDewar and Worley, 1969RDSH
10.47 ± 0.02PIRefaey and Chupka, 1968RDSH
10.48 ± 0.05PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
10.64PEOhno, Imai, et al., 1985Vertical value; LBLHLM
10.64PEUtsunomiya, Kobayashi, et al., 1980Vertical value; LLK
10.65PEHoppilliard and Solgadi, 1980Vertical value; LLK
10.61PEBenoit and Harrison, 1977Vertical value; LLK
10.65 ± 0.03PEPeel and Willett, 1975Vertical value; LLK
10.59PEVovna, Lopatin, et al., 1974Vertical value; LLK
10.04PESchweig and Thiel, 1974Vertical value; LLK
10.62PERobin and Kuebler, 1973Vertical value; LLK
10.64PEKatsumata, Iwai, et al., 1973Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C+22.9 ± 0.5H2+H+CH2OHEIStepanov, Perov, et al., 1988LL
CH2O+11.70CH4PIRefaey and Chupka, 1968RDSH
CH3+14.70 ± 0.10?EIHaney and Franklin, 1969RDSH
CH3O+11.25 ± 0.09CH3EIBowen and Maccoll, 1984LBLHLM
CH3O+11.40 ± 0.06CH3EISelim and Helal, 1981LLK
CH3O+11.30CH3EILossing, 1977LLK
CH3O+11.20 ± 0.05CH3PIPotapov and Sorokin, 1972LLK
CH3O+11.25CH3PIRefaey and Chupka, 1968RDSH
C2H3+14.7?EIFriedman, Long, et al., 1957RDSH
C2H3O+14.5H2+HEIFriedman, Long, et al., 1957RDSH
C2H4+12.0 ± 0.9H2OEIBowen and Maccoll, 1984LBLHLM
C2H4+12.0H2OPIRefaey and Chupka, 1968RDSH
C2H4O+~10.45H2EIHolmes, Terlouw, et al., 1976LLK
C2H5+12.7OHPIRefaey and Chupka, 1968RDSH
C2H5O+10.78 ± 0.09HEIBowen and Maccoll, 1984LBLHLM
C2H5O+10.6HEIMishchanchuk, Pokrovskii, et al., 1982LBLHLM
C2H5O+10.67HEILossing, 1977LLK
C2H5O+10.75 ± 0.03HEISolka and Russell, 1974LLK
C2H5O+10.80 ± 0.05HPIPotapov and Sorokin, 1972LLK
C2H5O+10.78 ± 0.02HPIRefaey and Chupka, 1968RDSH
C2H5O+[CH3CHOH+]10.801 ± 0.005HPIRuscic and Berkowitz, 1994T = 0K; LL
H+21.0 ± 0.5CH2+CH2OHEIStepanov, Perov, et al., 1988LL
H2O+13.06C2H4EILewis and Hamill, 1970RDSH
H3O+13.8H2+C2H3PIPECONiwa, Nishimura, et al., 1982LBLHLM
H3O+14.30 ± 0.02?EIHaney and Franklin, 1969, 2RDSH
O+21.7 ± 0.52CH3EIStepanov, Perov, et al., 1988LL

De-protonation reactions

C2H5O- + Hydrogen cation = Ethanol

By formula: C2H5O- + H+ = C2H6O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr379.2 ± 1.0kcal/molD-EARamond, Davico, et al., 2000gas phase; B
Δr378.0 ± 2.0kcal/molCIDCHaas and Harrison, 1993gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δr377.4 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr379.10 ± 0.10kcal/molCIDTDeTuri and Ervin, 1999gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr372.6 ± 1.1kcal/molH-TSRamond, Davico, et al., 2000gas phase; B
Δr371.4 ± 2.1kcal/molH-TSHaas and Harrison, 1993gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δr370.8 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Anion protonation reactions

C2H5O- + Hydrogen cation = Ethanol

By formula: C2H5O- + H+ = C2H6O

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr379.2 ± 1.0kcal/molD-EARamond, Davico, et al., 2000gas phase; B
Δr378.0 ± 2.0kcal/molCIDCHaas and Harrison, 1993gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δr377.4 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr379.10 ± 0.10kcal/molCIDTDeTuri and Ervin, 1999gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr372.6 ± 1.1kcal/molH-TSRamond, Davico, et al., 2000gas phase; B
Δr371.4 ± 2.1kcal/molH-TSHaas and Harrison, 1993gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B
Δr370.8 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-3048.463.6Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 200025. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillarySE-3058.459.2Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 200025. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillarySE-3066.457.4Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 200025. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillarySE-3048.463.6Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 225. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillarySE-3058.459.2Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 225. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillarySE-3066.457.4Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 225. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
PackedPorapack Q200.415.Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994H2; Column length: 1. m
CapillarySE-30100.496.Haken and Korhonen, 1985Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Large deviations from similar measurements
PackedApolane100.413.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedApolane200.397.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane100.396.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane200.396.Castello and D'Amato, 1983He, Chromosorb G; Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30100.427.Winskowski, 1983Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m
PackedSqualane50.435.Becerra, Sánchez, et al., 1982N2, Chromosorb W-AM; Column length: 6. m
CapillaryOV-160.423.Nijs and Jacobs, 1981He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
PackedSqualane100.437.0Gröbler and Bálizs, 1979Column length: 1. m
PackedSE-30150.427.Haken, Nguyen, et al., 1979Celatom AW silanized; Column length: 3.7 m
PackedApiezon L120.403.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedApiezon L70.400.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 
PackedSE-30100.439.Pías and Gascó, 1975Ar, Chromosorb W AW DMCS HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1. m
PackedApiezon L100.410.Wagaman and Smith, 1971CH4; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane50.422.Mira and Sanchez, 1970Chromosorb G
PackedApiezon L100.409.Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m
PackedApiezon L150.396.Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m
PackedApiezon L70.400.von Kováts, 1958Celite (40:60 Gewichtsverhaltnis)

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-1440.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 199060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-1414.4Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-1060.944.Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm
CapillaryOV-351100.952.Haken and Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-35180.924.Haken and Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
PackedCarbowax 20M75.972.Goebel, 1982N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m
PackedPEG-2000152.942.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedPEG-2000179.939.Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973He, Celite 545 (44-60 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedCarbowax 20M100.922.Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 4000100.941.Bonastre and Grenier, 1968Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 4000120.931.Bonastre and Grenier, 1968Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 4000140.921.Bonastre and Grenier, 1968Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m
PackedPolyethylene Glycol 400080.951.Bonastre and Grenier, 1968Chromosorb P; Column length: 6. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax926.Shimoda and Shibamoto, 1990He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax925.Umano, Shoji, et al., 1986N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
PackedPEG-20M900.Galt and MacLeod, 1984N2, Celite, 70. C @ 9. min, 10. K/min; Column length: 5.5 m; Tend: 175. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPEG-20M905.Slizhov and Gavrilenko, 2001He; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySupelcowax-10940.7Castello, Timossi, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M933.Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M934.Brander, Kepner, et al., 1980Program: not specified

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH443.2Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH443.8Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB443.Pino and Marbot, 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
CapillarySE-30444.7Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 200025. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillarySE-30444.7Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 225. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-1436.Bartelt, 199730. m/0.32 mm/5. μm, He, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 270. C
CapillaryDB-1446.Peng, 199215. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-30416.Korhonen, 1985N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Tstart: 100. C
CapillarySE-30432.Korhonen, 1985N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Tstart: 100. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone446.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
PackedSE-30446.Peng, Ding, et al., 1988Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-FFAP939.Jarunrattanasri, Theerakulkait, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 225. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax937.Mahattanatawee K., Perez-Cacho P.R., et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 7. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryDB-Wax933.Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 200660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryDB-Wax941.Gurbuz O., Rouseff J.M., et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 7. K/min, 265. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB934.Kourkoutas, Elmore, et al., 200660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10888.Chung, Fung, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 195. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-Wax947.Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
CapillaryDB-Wax955.Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min
CapillaryDB-Wax900.Brat, Rega, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryCarbowax948.8Censullo, Jones, et al., 200360. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 50. C @ 10. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax935.Cha, Kim, et al., 199860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-Wax930.Cha, Kim, et al., 199830. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 200. C @ 30. min
CapillaryFFAP956.Ott, Fay, et al., 199730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 1. min
CapillaryDB-Wax932.Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 199660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax925.Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 199560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax944.Iwaoka, Hagi, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax947.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryDB-Wax947.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994, 260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryHP-20M929.Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryHP-FFAP936.Chung, Eiserich, et al., 1993He, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-Wax930.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax930.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M944.Peng, 19928. K/min, 200. C @ 60. min; Column length: 3.05 m; Tstart: 40. C
CapillaryDB-Wax938.Stashenko, Macku, et al., 1992He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C
PackedCarbowax 20M944.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Supelcoport, 40. C @ 4. min, 8. K/min; Column length: 3.05 m; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M929.Chen, Kuo, et al., 1986He, 50. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-351893.Korhonen, 1985N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Tstart: 100. C
CapillaryOV-351920.Korhonen, 1985N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Tstart: 100. C
CapillaryOV-351918.Korhonen, 1985N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Tstart: 100. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M908.Chen, Kuo, et al., 1982He, 50. C @ 10. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 160. C
PackedCarbowax 20M897.van den Dool and Kratz, 1963Celite 545, 4.6 K/min; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 228. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-10934.Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 220C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10932.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10934.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10937.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10937.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryFFAP945.Ranau and Steinhart, 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 50C(3min) => 3C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 220C (13.5min)
CapillaryDB-Wax944.Radovic, Careri, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 30C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryDB-Wax960.1Yang, Chyau, et al., 1998He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C => 2.5C/min => 150C => 1.5C/min => 210C
CapillaryFFAP935.Yasuhara, 198750. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C (5min) => 2C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 210C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M910.Whitfield, Shea, et al., 1981Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-30100.427.Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30120.411.Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30140.415.Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30160.411.Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30180.406.Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-3080.443.Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
PackedSynachrom150.410.Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m
PackedSynachrom150.412.Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m
PackedSqualane100.408.Vernon, 1971N2
PackedDC-400150.462.Anderson, 1968Helium, Gas-Pak (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3.0 m
PackedSqualane125.405.Cremer and Nonn, 1964H2, Chromosorb W (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
PackedSE-30421.MHA, 9999Nitrogen, Chromosorb G AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB458.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH454.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-5459.Cais-Sokolinska, Majcher, et al., 201125. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 1. min, 20. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryVF-5 MS426.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryVF-5 MS429.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryRTX-5477.Berdague, Tournayre, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 205. C @ 5. min
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane482.Ramirez R. and Cava R., 200730. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 7. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillarySPB-5444.Vasta, Ratel, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-1440.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min
CapillaryHP-5445.Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-5427.0Leffingwell and Alford, 200560. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
CapillaryRSL-200440.Ngassoum, Jirovetz, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryBP-1450.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-5MS427.4Shoenmakers, Oomen, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5450.Jung, Wichmann, et al., 199925. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-1440.Buttery, Ling, et al., 199730. C @ 25. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-1436.Robacker and Bartelt, 199730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1440.Hansen, Buttery, et al., 199230. C @ 25. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5 MS448.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5489.Miyazaki, Plotto, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/1.00 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 230 0C 100 0C/min -> 260 0C (11.7 min)
CapillaryHP-1472.Barra, Baldovini, et al., 200750. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 2C/min => 200C => 15C/min => 250C (30min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone493.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryVB-5472.Karlshøj, Nielsen, et al., 200760. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 35C(1min) => 4C/min => 175C => 10C/min => 260C
CapillaryMethyl Silicone493.Kou, Zhang, et al., 2006Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone462.Blunden, Aneja, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min)
CapillaryHP-5482.Thierry, Maillard, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1. μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone439.Fu and Wang, 2004Program: not specified
CapillarySE-30440.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone455.N/AProgram: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone443.Zenkevich, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1427.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes443.Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone443.Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1428.Schuberth, 199430. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (4min) => 10C/min => 200C => 50C/min => 250C
CapillarySPB-1427.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1421.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB446.Weller and Wolf, 198940. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
CapillaryDB-1440.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryOV-1421.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M100.926.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryCarbowax 20M60.936.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryCarbowax 20M80.932.Sun, Siepmann, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium
CapillaryOV-351100.927.Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillaryOV-351120.910.Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillaryOV-351140.890.Korhonen, 1985N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
PackedCarbowax 20M100.917.Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977 

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-FFAP944.Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 999925. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 15. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryFFAP883.Budryn, Nebesny, et al., 201130. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 45. min
CapillaryHP-Innowax939.Feng, Zhuang, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-FFAP913.Guzman-Geronimo, Lopez, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 120. C @ 5. min
CapillaryFFAP883.Nebesny, Budryn, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, N2, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 320. C @ 45. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB938.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB938.Povolo, Contarini, et al., 200760. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 8. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryTR-WAX932.Tena N., Lazzez A., et al., 200760. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax937.Wei A. and Shibamoto T., 200760. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 8. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 80. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M928.de la Fuente, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200550. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 190. C @ 30. min
CapillaryStabilwax922.Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 200530. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryStabilwax922.Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2005, 230. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-Wax930.Njoroge, Koaze, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 70. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax955.Qian and Wang, 200560. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 235. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax900.Rizzolo, Cambiaghi, et al., 200560. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax942.Chida, Sone, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryHP-FFAP913.López, Guzmán, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 120. C @ 3. min
CapillaryPEG-20M926.Narain, Almeida, et al., 200450. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 30. min
CapillaryPEG-20M930.Narain, Almeida, et al., 200450. m/0.20 mm/0.20 μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax946.Alves and Franco, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax934.Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax934.Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 30. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10932.Vichi, Castellote, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10926.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySupelcowax-10927.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003, 230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-FFAP944.Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 200325. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 15. K/min; Tstart: 45. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-Wax937.Fu, Yoon, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-Wax934.Hayata, Sakamoto, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax931.Ito, Sugimoto, et al., 200260. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryFFAP924.Lecanu, Ducruet, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 35. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryHP-FFAP924.Qian and Reineccius, 200225. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, 60. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-Wax913.Sanz, Maeztu, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax926.Umano, Hagi, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-Wax913.Maeztu, Sanz, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryHP-Wax913.Sanz, Ansorena, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax934.Wei, Mura, et al., 200160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax940.Tamura, Boonbumrung, et al., 2000Nitrogen, 40. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB900.Hwan and Chou, 199950. m/0.32 mm/0.22 μm, H2, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 190. C @ 21. min
CapillarySupelcowax-10908.Campeanu, Burcea, et al., 199860. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryInnowax950.Petersen, Poll, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 10. min, 6. K/min, 240. C @ 25. min
CapillaryDB-Wax922.Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997He, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax959.Wada and Shibamoto, 1997He, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 40. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryPEG-20M921.Kubota, Matsujage, et al., 199650. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen, 2. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryTC-Wax913.Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 199680. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-Wax946.Young, Gilbert, et al., 199630. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen, 30. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillaryDB-Wax932.Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M925.Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax930.Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-Wax930.Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M925.Kawakami and Kobayashi, 1991He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryPEG-20M915.Kubota, Nakamoto, et al., 1991N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M900.Anker, Jurs, et al., 19902. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillaryDB-Wax927.Takeoka and Butter, 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax927.Takeoka and Butter, 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax927.Takeoka and Butter, 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax936.Takeoka and Butter, 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax940.Takeoka and Butter, 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax940.Takeoka and Butter, 198960. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryFFAP900.Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1988He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryBP-20900.MacLeod and Snyder, 198570. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 180. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax923.Gyawali and Kim, 201260. m/0.20 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min) 5 0C/min -> 230 0C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M951.Lee, Chong, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-Innowax942.Feng, Zhuang, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax929.Miyazaki, Plotto, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 4 0C/min -> 230 0C 100 0C/min -> 260 0C (11.7 min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52 CB939.Povolo, Cabassi, et al., 2011Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-Innowax943.Cajka, Riddellova, et al., 201030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (1 min) 5 oC/min -> 170 0C 10 0C/min -> 260 0C (1 min)
CapillarySupelko CO Wax935.Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 201060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelko CO Wax932.Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 201060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax923.Gyawali and Kim, 200960. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 220 0C (20 min)
CapillaryFFAP912.Ortiz, Echeverra, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium; Program: 70 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 142 0C 5 0C/min -> 225 0C (10 min)
CapillarySupelcowax 10928.Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min)
CapillaryPEG 20M910.Zhang, Zhang, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 60 0C 6 0C/min -> 130 0C 10 0C/min -> 230 0C
CapillarySupelcowax-10932.Berard, Bianchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10937.Berard, Bianchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 6C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryCarbowax 20M924.Dury-Brun, Fournier, et al., 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax934.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryDB-Wax929.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: not specified
CapillaryFFAP932.Lara, Echeverría, et al., 200750. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C (10min)
CapillaryHP-Innowax930.Narain, Galvao, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 30 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 100 0C (5 min) 1 0C/min -> 130 0C 10 0C/min -> 195 0C (45 min)
CapillaryBP-20929.Pontes, Marques, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 220C
CapillaryBP-20929.Pontes, Marques, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(1min) => 2.5C/min => 100C => 2C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 220C
CapillaryPEG-20M910.Zhang C., Zhang H., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 5C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 130C => 10C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax927.Gyawalia, Seo, et al., 200660. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 220C(20min) => 5C/min => 230C
CapillarySupelcowax-10905.Kourkoutas, Bosnea, et al., 200660. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(3min) => 5C/min => 110C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10905.Kourkoutas, Kandylis, et al., 200660. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(3min) => 5C/min => 110C => 10C/min => 240C (10min)
CapillaryFFAP932.Lara, Graell, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax916.Mattheis, Fan, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C (5min)
CapillaryDB-FFAP930.Buettner, 200430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(2min) => 40C/min => 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 180C => 15C/min => 230C (10min)
CapillaryFFAP932.Echeverría, Correa, et al., 200450. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax941.Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M922.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M940.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-FFAP932.Echeverria, Fuentes, et al., 200350. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C (10min)
CapillaryFFAP936.Lopez, Lavilla, et al., 200050. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C(2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
CapillaryCross-linked FFAP936.Lavilla, Puy, et al., 199950. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C (2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
CapillarySupelcowax-10950.Forney and Jordan, 199860. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 40C (2min) => 16C/min => 120C => 15C/min => 240C(3min)
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB926.Jakobsen, Hansen, et al., 199850. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, He; Program: 30C (1.5min) => 3C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 220C (3.5min)
CapillaryFFAP936.López, Lavilla, et al., 199850. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C (1min) => 3C/min => 142C (2min) => 25C/min => 230C (5min)
CapillaryPolyethylene Glycol925.Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax934.Mattheis, Buchanan, et al., 199260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C(5min)
CapillaryDB-Wax934.Mattheis, Buchanan, et al., 199260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C (5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C(5min)
CapillaryDB-Wax944.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991, 2Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M900.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.940.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M919.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Lossing, F.P., Heats of formation of some isomeric [CnH2n+1]+ ions. Substitutional effects on ion stability, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 7526. [all data]

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Solka and Russell, 1974
Solka, B.H.; Russell, M.E., Energetics of formation of some structural isomers of gaseous C2H5O+ C2H6N+ ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 1268. [all data]

Ruscic and Berkowitz, 1994
Ruscic, B.; Berkowitz, J., The heats of formation of some C2H5O+ isomers, relevant bond energies in ethanol and PA(CH3CHO), J. Chem. Phys., 1994, 101, 10936. [all data]

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Haney and Franklin, 1969, 2
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Ramond, Davico, et al., 2000
Ramond, T.M.; Davico, G.E.; Schwartz, R.L.; Lineberger, W.C., Vibronic structure of alkoxy radicals via photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 3, 1158-1169, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.480767 . [all data]

Haas and Harrison, 1993
Haas, M.J.; Harrison, A.G., The Fragmentation of Proton-Bound Cluster Ions and the Gas-Phase Acidities of Alcohols, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 124, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)80003-W . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

DeTuri and Ervin, 1999
DeTuri, V.F.; Ervin, K.M., Competitive threshold collision-induced dissociation: Gas-phase acidities and bond dissociation energies for a series of alcohols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 35, 6911-6920, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991459m . [all data]

Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000
Golovnya, R.V.; Kuz'menko, T.e.; Samusenko, A.L., Method for prediction of the ability of analyte for self-association in pure liquid, Proceedings 23rd ISCC; CD-ROM, 2000, retrieved from http://www.richrom.com/assets/CD23PDF/a09.pdf. [all data]

Golovnya, Kuz'menko, et al., 2000, 2
Golovnya, R.V.; Kuz'menko, T.E.; Samusenko, A.L., Gas-chromatographic method of evaluation of n-alkanol ability for self-association in pure liquid, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 2000, 49, 2, 317-320, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494680 . [all data]

Gawdzik and Matynia, 1994
Gawdzik, B.; Matynia, T., Characterization of methacrylic ester of p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylpropane diglicydyl ether - divinylbenzene porous copolymers for GC, Chromatographia, 1994, 38, 9/10, 643-648, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02277169 . [all data]

Haken and Korhonen, 1985
Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXVII. Retention increments of C1-C18 primary alkanols and their 2-chloropropanoyl and 3-chloropropanoyl derivatives on SE-30 and OV-351 capillary columns, J. Chromatogr., 1985, 319, 131-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90548-5 . [all data]

Castello and D'Amato, 1983
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G., Classification of the Polarity of porous polymer bead stationary phases by comparison with squalane and apolane standard liquid phases, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 269, 153-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90798-8 . [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Becerra, Sánchez, et al., 1982
Becerra, M.R.; Sánchez, E.F.; Domínguez, J.A.G.; Muñoz, J.G.; Molera, M.J., The use of gaseous and liquid n-paraffins in GC identification of oxidation products of acetondimethyl acetal, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1982, 20, 8, 363-366, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/20.8.363 . [all data]

Nijs and Jacobs, 1981
Nijs, H.H.; Jacobs, P.A., On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1981, 19, 1, 40-45, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/19.1.40 . [all data]

Gröbler and Bálizs, 1979
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Notes

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