1,4-Cyclohexadiene

Formula: C₆H₈
Molecular weight: 80.1277
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H8/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-2,5-6H,3-4H2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UVJHQYIOXKWHFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 628-41-1
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: 1,4-Dihydrobenzene; Cyclohexa-1,4-diene
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Information on this page:
Other data available:
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- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	24.00 ± 0.74	kcal/mol	Ccb	Luk'yanova, Timofeeva, et al., 1991	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	26.1	kcal/mol	Chyd	Roth, Adamczak, et al., 1991	ALS
Δ_fH°_gas	25.04 ± 0.14	kcal/mol	Ccr	Steele, Chirico, et al., 1989	ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
8.896	50.	Dorofeeva O.V., 1986	GT
10.19	100.
12.23	150.
15.12	200.
20.48	273.15
22.48 ± 0.72	298.15
22.63	300.
30.533	400.
37.481	500.
43.253	600.
48.026	700.
52.015	800.
55.380	900.
58.239	1000.
60.676	1100.
62.765	1200.
64.558	1300.
66.104	1400.
67.443	1500.

Phase change data

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Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	354.7	K	N/A	Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990	BS
T_boil	362.70	K	N/A	Anonymous, 1962	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
T_boil	362.55	K	N/A	Anonymous, 1942	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_fus	222.83	K	N/A	Anonymous, 1942	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
T_fus	351.	K	N/A	White and Bishop, 1940	Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 4. K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	224.0	K	N/A	Geipel and Wolf, 1976	Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_vapH°	8.20	kcal/mol	V	Luk'yanova, Timofeeva, et al., 1991	ALS
Δ_vapH°	8.20	kcal/mol	N/A	Luk'yanova, Timofeeva, et al., 1991	DRB
Δ_vapH°	8.377 ± 0.01	kcal/mol	V	Steele, Chirico, et al., 1989	ALS
Δ_vapH°	8.39	kcal/mol	N/A	Steele, Chirico, et al., 1989	DRB

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.13	319.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 304. to 360. K.; AC
8.10	308.	MM	Letcher and Marsicano, 1974	Based on data from 304. to 322. K.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

Δ_fusH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
1.37	224.	Domalski and Hearing, 1996	AC

Entropy of fusion

Δ_fusS (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
1.02	192.	Domalski and Hearing, 1996	CAL
6.097	224.	Domalski and Hearing, 1996	CAL

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔH_trs (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Initial Phase	Final Phase	Reference	Comment
0.195	192.0	crystaline, II	crystaline, I	Geipel and Wolf, 1976, 2	DH
1.3660	224.0	crystaline, I	liquid	Geipel and Wolf, 1976, 2	DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔS_trs (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Initial Phase	Final Phase	Reference	Comment
1.02	192.0	crystaline, II	crystaline, I	Geipel and Wolf, 1976, 2	DH
6.097	224.0	crystaline, I	liquid	Geipel and Wolf, 1976, 2	DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard

View reactions leading to C₆H₈⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Proton affinity (review)	200.	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Gas basicity	193.1	kcal/mol	N/A	Hunter and Lias, 1998	HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV)	Method	Reference	Comment
8.82	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	LLK
8.82 ± 0.02	PE	Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977	LLK
8.82 ± 0.02	PI	Demeo and El-Sayed, 1970	RDSH
8.65 ± 0.05	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
8.80	PE	Bischof, Hashmall, et al., 1969	RDSH
8.82	PE	Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981	Vertical value; LLK
8.82	PE	Bock and Kaim, 1980	Vertical value; LLK
8.80	PE	Kobayashi, 1978	Vertical value; LLK
8.82	PE	Heilbronner, Brogli, et al., 1976	Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion	AE (eV)	Other Products	Method	Reference	Comment
C₃H₂⁺	19.21 ± 0.15	?	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₃H₃⁺	15.20 ± 0.10	?	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₃H₄⁺	13.95 ± 0.10	?	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₄H₂⁺	17.82 ± 0.25	C₂H₂⁺²H₂	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₄H₃⁺	17.08 ± 0.10	C₂H₂+H₂+H?	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₄H₄⁺	13.55 ± 0.10	C₂H₂+H₂	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₄H₅⁺	14.48 ± 0.10	C₂H₂+H	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₄H₆⁺	12.17 ± 0.10	C₂H₂	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₅H₃⁺	16.12 ± 0.10	CH₃+H₂?	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₅H₅⁺	13.41 ± 0.10	CH₃	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₅H₅⁺	13.6	CH₃	EI	Harrison, Haynes, et al., 1965	RDSH
C₆H₅⁺	13.92 ± 0.10	H₂+H	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₆H₆⁺	9.61 ± 0.10	H₂	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₆H₆⁺	9.86 ± 0.05	H₂	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH
C₆H₇⁺	10.55	H	PIPECO	Lias and Ausloos, 1985	LBLHLM
C₆H₇⁺	10.94 ± 0.10	H	EI	Franklin and Carroll, 1969	RDSH

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

gas; HP-GC/MS/IRD

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	C78, Branched paraffin	130.	725.3	Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000	He; Column length: 3.3 m
Packed	C78, Branched paraffin	130.	724.9	Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992	Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
Capillary	OV-1	100.	709.2	Engewald, Billing, et al., 1987	Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Capillary	SE-30	130.	718.	Bredael, 1982	Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	SE-30	80.	706.	Bredael, 1982	Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	Apiezon L	100.	729.	Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980	Column length: 45. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	Squalane	27.	685.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Packed	Squalane	49.	690.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Packed	Squalane	67.	694.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Packed	Squalane	70.	694.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Packed	Squalane	86.	698.	Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Capillary	Squalane	42.5	687.	Engewald, Epsch, et al., 1974	N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
Capillary	Squalane	70.	694.	Engewald, Epsch, et al., 1974	N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm
Packed	SE-30	75.	700.	Robinson and Odell, 1971	N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m
Packed	Squalane	100.	700.	Robinson and Odell, 1971	N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m
Packed	Squalane	27.	685.	Hively and Hinton, 1968	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	Squalane	49.	690.	Hively and Hinton, 1968	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	Squalane	67.	694.	Hively and Hinton, 1968	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Packed	Squalane	86.	698.	Hively and Hinton, 1968	He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
Capillary	Squalane	70.	694.	Schomburg, 1966

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	PEG-20M	100.	932.	Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980	Column length: 75. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	CP-Sil 8CB-MS	707.	Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005	0. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	Petrocol DH	696.	White, Hackett, et al., 1992	100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; T_start: 30. C; T_end: 220. C
Packed	SE-30	713.	Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984	He, Chromosorb AW, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m
Packed	SE-30	713.	Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984	He, Chromosorb AW, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	SE-30	713.	Peng, Ding, et al., 1988	Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	Carbowax 20M	939.	Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984	He, Supelcoport, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m
Packed	Carbowax 20M	939.	Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984	He, Supelcoport, 40. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 210. C @ 30. min; Column length: 3.05 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	OV-1	738.	Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999	2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 160. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Squalane	706.	Chen, 2008	Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	713.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Packed	SE-30	708.	Robinson and Odell, 1971	N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold)
Packed	SE-30	708.	Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2	Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C(10min) => 20C/min(2min) => 90C(6min) => 10C/min(6min) => (hold at 150C)
Packed	Squalane	692.	Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2	Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min(5min) => 4C/min(15min) => (hold at 95C)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	914.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.	939.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Luk'yanova, Timofeeva, et al., 1991
Luk'yanova, V.A.; Timofeeva, L.P.; Kozina, M.P.; Kirin, V.N.; Tarakanova, A.V., Enthalpies of formation of certain unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1991, 65, 439-441. [all data]

Roth, Adamczak, et al., 1991
Roth, W.R.; Adamczak, O.; Breuckmann, R.; Lennartz, H.-W.; Boese, R., Die Berechnung von Resonanzenergien; das MM2ERW-Kraftfeld, Chem. Ber., 1991, 124, 2499-2521. [all data]

Steele, Chirico, et al., 1989
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Nguyen, A.; Hossenlopp, I.A.; Smith, N.K., Determination of some pure compound ideal-gas enthalpies of formation, AIChE Symp. Ser., 1989, 85, 140-162. [all data]

Dorofeeva O.V., 1986
Dorofeeva O.V., Thermodynamic properties of twenty-one monocyclic hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 437-464. [all data]

Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]

Anonymous, 1962
Anonymous, R., , Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 58A, Annu. Rep., 1962. [all data]

Anonymous, 1942
Anonymous, R., , Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 6, Natl. Bur. Stand., 1942. [all data]

White and Bishop, 1940
White, A.H.; Bishop, W.S., Dielectric Evidence of Molecular Rotation in the Crystals of Certain Non-aromatic Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 8-16. [all data]

Geipel and Wolf, 1976
Geipel, G.; Wolf, G., Molar Heat Capacity of Cyclohexadiene(1,4) and Cyclohexadiene(1,3) in Temperature Range of 10... 300K, Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), 1976, 257, 587. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Letcher and Marsicano, 1974
Letcher, T.M.; Marsicano, F., Vapour pressures and densities of some unsaturated C6 acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons between 300 and 320 K, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1974, 6, 5, 509-514, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(74)90013-5 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Geipel and Wolf, 1976, 2
Geipel, G.; Wolf, G., Die molare Wärmekapazität von Cyclohexadien(1,4) und Cyclohexadien(1,3) im Temperaturegebiet von 10...300K, Z. Phys. Chem., 1976, 257, 587-593. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Demeo and El-Sayed, 1970
Demeo, D.A.; El-Sayed, M.A., Ionization potential and structure of olefins, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 2622. [all data]

Franklin and Carroll, 1969
Franklin, J.L.; Carroll, S.R., Effect of molecular structure on ionic decomposition. II. An electron-impact study of 1,3-and 1,4-cyclohexadiene and 1,3,5-hexatriene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 6564. [all data]

Bischof, Hashmall, et al., 1969
Bischof, P.; Hashmall, J.A.; Heilbronner, E.; Hornung, V., Photoelektronspektroskopische Bestimmung der Wechselwirkung zwischen nichtkonjugierten Doppelbindungen, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1969, 52, 1745. [all data]

Bock and Kaim, 1980
Bock, H.; Kaim, W., Radical ions. 37. Ionization and one-electron oxidation of electron-rich silylalkyl olefins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 4429. [all data]

Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T., A new rule for photoelectron angular distributions of molecules, Phys. Lett. A, 1978, 69, 31. [all data]

Heilbronner, Brogli, et al., 1976
Heilbronner, E.; Brogli, F.; Vogel, E., Photoelectron spectroscopic assignment of symmetry to the ground state and first excited state of the 1,4-cyclohexadiene radical cation, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1976, 9, 227. [all data]

Harrison, Haynes, et al., 1965
Harrison, A.G.; Haynes, P.; McLean, S.; Meyer, F., The mass spectra of methyl-substituted cyclopentadienes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1965, 87, 5099. [all data]

Lias and Ausloos, 1985
Lias, S.G.; Ausloos, P., Structures of C₆H₇⁺ ions formed in unimolecular and bimolecular reactions, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 82, 3613. [all data]

Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 904, 2, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00908-0 . [all data]

Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S . [all data]

Engewald, Billing, et al., 1987
Engewald, W.; Billing, U.; Welsch, T.; Haufe, G., Structure-retention correlations of hydrocarbons in gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography. Cycloalkenes and cycloalkadienes, Chromatographia, 1987, 23, 8, 590-594, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02324870 . [all data]

Bredael, 1982
Bredael, P., Retention indices of hydrocarbons on SE-30, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1982, 5, 6, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050610 . [all data]

Morishita, Okano, et al., 1980
Morishita, F.; Okano, T.; Kojima, T., Retention indices of monocyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons, Bunseki Kagaku, 1980, 29, 1, 48-53, https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.29.48 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Engewald, Epsch, et al., 1974
Engewald, W.; Epsch, K.; Graefe, J.; Welsch, Th., Molekülstruktur und retentionsverhalten. II. Retentionsverhalten cycloaliphatischer kohlenwasser-stoffe bei der gas-adsorptions- und gas-verteilungschromatographie, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 91, 623-631, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97943-9 . [all data]

Robinson and Odell, 1971
Robinson, P.G.; Odell, A.L., A system of standard retention indices and its uses. The characterisation of stationary phases and the prediction of retention indices, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 57, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(71)80001-8 . [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Schomburg, 1966
Schomburg, G., Gaschromatographische Retentionsdaten und struktur chemischer verbindungen. III. Alkylverzweigte und ungesättigte cyclische Kohlenwasserstoffe, J. Chromatogr., 1966, 23, 18-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)98653-4 . [all data]

Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005
Elmore, J.S.; Cooper, S.L.; Enser, M.; Mottram, D.S.; Sinclair, L.A.; Wilkinson, R.G.; Wood, J.D., Dietary manipulation of fatty acid composition in lamb meat and its effect on the volatile aroma compounds of grilled lamb, Meat Sci., 2005, 69, 2, 233-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.07.002 . [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Buchman, Cao, et al., 1984
Buchman, O.; Cao, G.-Y.; Peng, C.T., Structure assignment by retention index in gas-liquid radiochromatography of substituted cyclohexenes, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 312, 75-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92765-7 . [all data]

Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C., Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8 . [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Muurisepp, M.; Kann, J., Composition of the oil from waste tires. 2. Fraction boiling at 160-180 0C, Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Chem., 1999, 48, 3, 136-140. [all data]

Chen, 2008
Chen, H.-F., Quantitative prediction of gas chromatography retention indices with support vector machines, radial basis neutral networks and multiple linear regression, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 609, 1, 24-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.003 . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2
Robinson, P.G.; Odell, A.L., Comparison of isothermal and non-linear temperature programmed gas chromatography. The temperature dependence of the retention indices of a number of hydrocarbons on squalane and SE-30, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 57, 11-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(71)80002-X . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

Symbols used in this document:

AE	Appearance energy
C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
T_boil	Boiling point
T_fus	Fusion (melting) point
T_triple	Triple point temperature
ΔH_trs	Enthalpy of phase transition
ΔS_trs	Entropy of phase transition
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_fusH	Enthalpy of fusion
Δ_fusS	Entropy of fusion
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
Δ_vapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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