Aniline

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas87.03 ± 0.88kJ/molCcbHatton, Hildenbrand, et al., 1962ALS
Δfgas82.4kJ/molCcbVriens and Hill, 1952ALS
Δfgas83.2kJ/molN/ACole and Gilbert, 1951Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of 30.8 kj/mol from Cole and Gilbert, 1951 and ΔvapH° value of 52.4 kj/mol from Vriens and Hill, 1952.; DRB
Δfgas81. ± 3.kJ/molCcbAnderson and Gilbert, 1942%hf calculated possible error by author; ALS
Δfgas85.4kJ/molN/ALemoult, 1907Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of 33.0 kj/mol from Lemoult, 1907 and ΔvapH° value of 52.4 kj/mol from Vriens and Hill, 1952.; DRB

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil457. ± 2.KAVGN/AAverage of 46 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus267.0 ± 0.3KAVGN/AAverage of 19 out of 24 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple267.13KN/AHatton, Hildenbrand, et al., 1962, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; from plot of 1/f vs T; TRC
Ttriple267.300KN/AZiegler and Andrews, 1942Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Ttriple266.9KN/AParks, Huffman, et al., 1933Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc698.8 ± 0.4KAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc53.1 ± 0.2barAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc3.48mol/lN/ALagutkin and Kuropatkin, 1981Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; calculated from corr. Zc, and lit. values of Tc and Pc; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Zc0.26noneN/ALagutkin and Kuropatkin, 1981Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.003 none; Correlation based on literature values of 2nd vireal coeff.; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap54. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
51.0 ± 0.2360.EBSteele, Chirico, et al., 2002Based on data from 350. to 499. K.; AC
48.0 ± 0.2400.EBSteele, Chirico, et al., 2002Based on data from 350. to 499. K.; AC
45.2 ± 0.2440.EBSteele, Chirico, et al., 2002Based on data from 350. to 499. K.; AC
42.2 ± 0.4480.EBSteele, Chirico, et al., 2002Based on data from 350. to 499. K.; AC
45.8444.N/ALee, Chen, et al., 1992Based on data from 421. to 591. K.; AC
52.2288.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 273. to 338. K.; AC
53.6319.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 304. to 485. K.; AC
48.6388.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 373. to 458. K.; AC
46.3470.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 455. to 523. K.; AC
42.44457.2N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
51.4350.N/AMaher and Smith, 1979Based on data from 313. to 386. K.; AC
52.9293.N/ARavdel and Danilov, 1968Based on data from 288. to 298. K.; AC
54.0319.N/AHatton, Hildenbrand, et al., 1962Based on data from 304. to 457. K.; AC
53.0333.CHatton, Hildenbrand, et al., 1962AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K) A (kJ/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
298. to 333.80.660.3744699.Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
304. to 457.4.345411661.858-74.048Hatton, Hildenbrand, et al., 1962Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
10.539267.13Hatton, Hildenbrand, et al., 1962DH
10.54267.1Ahmed and Eades, 1972See also Domalski and Hearing, 1996.; AC
10.92267.3Ziegler and Andrews, 1942, 2AC
10.556266.8Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933, 2DH

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
39.57266.8Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933, 2DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C6H7N+ (ion structure unspecified)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)7.720 ± 0.002eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)882.5kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity850.6kJ/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
7.736 ± 0.008PEMeek, Sekreta, et al., 1985LBLHLM
7.720 ± 0.0002PIHager, Smith, et al., 1985LBLHLM
7.720 ± 0.002SSmith, Hager, et al., 1984LBLHLM
~7.48PEKlasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983LBLHLM
8.0PEKimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981LLK
8.27 ± 0.05EIZaretskii, Oren, et al., 1976LLK
7.80PEBehan, Johnstone, et al., 1976LLK
8.35EIBaldwin, Loudon, et al., 1976LLK
7.71 ± 0.01PEDebies and Rabalais, 1974LLK
7.65 ± 0.02PEMaier and Turner, 1973LLK
7.6 ± 0.1EIGilbert, Leach, et al., 1973LLK
7.71PEDebies and Rabalais, 1973LLK
7.66PECowling and Johnstone, 1973LLK
7.63EICooks, Bertrand, et al., 1973LLK
7.89 ± 0.03EIJohnstone and Mellon, 1972LLK
8.1 ± 0.1EIGross, 1972LLK
7.70 ± 0.01PIPotapov and Iskakov, 1971LLK
7.89EIJohnstone, Mellon, et al., 1971LLK
7.61 ± 0.05SIZandberg and Rasulev, 1969RDSH
7.68PEEland, 1969RDSH
7.67 ± 0.03PIAkopyan and Vilesov, 1964RDSH
7.7PITerenin, 1961RDSH
7.70 ± 0.02PIWatanabe and Mottl, 1957RDSH
7.69 ± 0.02PIVilesov and Terenin, 1957RDSH
8.05PEFurin, Sultanov, et al., 1987Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.02PEKlasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983Vertical value; LBLHLM
8.04PEMeeks, Wahlborg, et al., 1981Vertical value; LLK
8.05PEPalmer, Moyes, et al., 1979Vertical value; LLK
8.03PEKobayashi, 1978Vertical value; LLK
8.05PEKobayashi and Nagakura, 1974Vertical value; LLK
8.10PEHaink, Adams, et al., 1974Vertical value; LLK
8.02PEDebies and Rabalais, 1973Vertical value; LLK
8.05PEKobayashi and Nagakura, 1972Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C4H4N+12.3 ± 0.1?PIAkopyan and Vilesov, 1964RDSH
C5H5+15.2 ± 0.2CHN+HEITajima and Tsuchiya, 1973LLK
C5H5+15.24CHN+HEIOccolowitz and White, 1968RDSH
C5H6+11.3 ± 0.1CHNTRPILifshitz and Malinovich, 1984LBLHLM
C5H6+11.3 ± 0.2CHNEILifshitz, Gotchiguian, et al., 1983LBLHLM
C5H6+12.77 ± 0.05CHNEIZaretskii, Oren, et al., 1976LLK
C5H6+12.13 ± 0.06CHNEIBentley, Johnstone, et al., 1973LLK
C5H6+12.0 ± 0.1?EIGross, 1972LLK
C5H6+12.3 ± 0.1CHNPIAkopyan and Vilesov, 1964RDSH

De-protonation reactions

C6H6N- + Hydrogen cation = Aniline

By formula: C6H6N- + H+ = C6H7N

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1540.5 ± 1.3kJ/molD-EAWren, Vogelhuber, et al., 2012gas phase; B
Δr1533. ± 8.8kJ/molG+TSBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1510.0 ± 2.8kJ/molH-TSWren, Vogelhuber, et al., 2012gas phase; B
Δr1502. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREBartmess, Scott, et al., 1979gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hatton, Hildenbrand, et al., 1962
Hatton, W.E.; Hildenbrand, D.L.; Sinke, G.C.; Stull, D.R., Chemical thermodynamic properties of aniline, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1962, 7, 229-231. [all data]

Vriens and Hill, 1952
Vriens, G.N.; Hill, A.G., Equilibria of several reactions of aromatic amines, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1952, 44, 2732-27. [all data]

Cole and Gilbert, 1951
Cole, L.G.; Gilbert, E.C., The heats of combustion of some nitrogen compounds and the apparent energy of the N-N bond, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73, 5423-5427. [all data]

Anderson and Gilbert, 1942
Anderson, C.M.; Gilbert, E.C., The apparent energy of the N-N bond as calculated from heats of combustion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1942, 64, 2369-2372. [all data]

Lemoult, 1907
Lemoult, M.P., Recherches theoriques et experimentales sur les chaleurs de combustion et de formation des composes organiques, Ann. Chim. Phys., 1907, 12, 395-432. [all data]

Hatton, Hildenbrand, et al., 1962, 2
Hatton, W.E.; Hildenbrand, D.L.; Sinke, G.C.; Stull, D.R., Chemical Thermodynamic Properties of Aniline, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1962, 7, 229. [all data]

Ziegler and Andrews, 1942
Ziegler, W.T.; Andrews, D.H., The heat capacity of benzene-d6, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1942, 64, 2482. [all data]

Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M.; Barmore, M., Thermal Data on Organic Compounds. XI. The Heat Capacities, Entropies and Free Energies of Ten Compounds Containing Oxygen or Nitrogen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 7, 2733, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01334a016 . [all data]

Lagutkin and Kuropatkin, 1981
Lagutkin, O.D.; Kuropatkin, E.I., Critical coefficient of compressibility and critical dens. of aniline, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1981, 55, 1329. [all data]

Steele, Chirico, et al., 2002
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Knipmeyer, S.E.; Nguyen, A., Vapor Pressure, Heat Capacity, and Density along the Saturation Line: Measurements for Benzenamine, Butylbenzene, sec -Butylbenzene, tert -Butylbenzene, 2,2-Dimethylbutanoic Acid, Tridecafluoroheptanoic Acid, 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, and 1-Chloro-2-propanol, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2002, 47, 4, 648-666, https://doi.org/10.1021/je010083e . [all data]

Lee, Chen, et al., 1992
Lee, Chang Ha; Chen, Quen; Mohamed, Rahoma S.; Holder, Gerald D., Vapor-liquid equilibria in the system of toluene/aniline, aniline/naphthalene, and naphthalene/quinoline, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1992, 37, 2, 179-183, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00006a011 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Maher and Smith, 1979
Maher, Patrick J.; Smith, Buford D., A new total pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium apparatus. The ethanol + aniline system at 313.15, 350.81, and 386.67 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1979, 24, 1, 16-22, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60080a022 . [all data]

Ravdel and Danilov, 1968
Ravdel, A.A.; Danilov, V.V., Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1968, 11, 6, 642. [all data]

Ahmed and Eades, 1972
Ahmed, A.M.I.; Eades, R.G., Proton relaxation in solid aniline and some methyl derivatives, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1039/f29726802017 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Ziegler and Andrews, 1942, 2
Ziegler, W.T.; Andrews, D.H., The heat capacity of benzene-d6, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1942, 64, 2482-2485. [all data]

Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933, 2
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M.; Barmore, M., Thermal data on organic compounds. XI. The heat capacities, entropies and free energies of ten compounds containing oxygen or nitrogen. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 2733-2740. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Meek, Sekreta, et al., 1985
Meek, J.T.; Sekreta, E.; Wilson, W.; Viswanathan, K.S.; Reilly, J.P., The laser photoelectron spectrum of gas phase aniline, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 82, 1741. [all data]

Hager, Smith, et al., 1985
Hager, J.; Smith, M.; Wallace, S., Autoionizing Rydberg structure observed in the vibrationally selective, two-color threshold photoionization spectrum of jet-cooled aniline, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 4820. [all data]

Smith, Hager, et al., 1984
Smith, M.A.; Hager, J.W.; Wallace, S.C., Two color photoionization spectroscopy of jet cooled aniline: Vibrational frequencies of the aniline X2B1 radical cation, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 3097. [all data]

Klasinc, Kovac, et al., 1983
Klasinc, L.; Kovac, B.; Gusten, H., Photoelectron spectra of acenes. Electronic structure and substituent effects, Pure Appl. Chem., 1983, 55, 289. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1981
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Achiba, Y.; Yamazaki, T.; Iwata, S., Ionization energies, Ab initio assignments, and valence electronic structure for 200 molecules in Handbook of HeI Photoelectron Spectra of Fundamental Organic Compounds, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, 1981. [all data]

Zaretskii, Oren, et al., 1976
Zaretskii, Z.V.I.; Oren, D.; Kelner, L., Automatic method for the measurement of the electron impact ionization and appearance potentials, Appl. Spectrosc., 1976, 30, 366. [all data]

Behan, Johnstone, et al., 1976
Behan, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A.W.; Bentley, T.W., An evaluation of empirical methods for calculating the ionization potentials of substituted benzenes, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 207. [all data]

Baldwin, Loudon, et al., 1976
Baldwin, M.A.; Loudon, A.G.; Maccoll, A.; Webb, K.S., The nature and fragmentation pathways of the molecular ions of some arylureas, arylthioureas, acetanilides, thioacetanilides and related compounds, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1976, 11, 1181. [all data]

Debies and Rabalais, 1974
Debies, T.P.; Rabalais, J.W., Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes. III. Bonding with Group V substituents, Inorg. Chem., 1974, 13, 308. [all data]

Maier and Turner, 1973
Maier, J.P.; Turner, D.W., Steric inhibition of resonance studied by molecular photoelectron spectroscopy Part 3. Anilines, Phenols and Related Compounds, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1973, 69, 521. [all data]

Gilbert, Leach, et al., 1973
Gilbert, J.R.; Leach, W.P.; Miller, J.R., Ionisation appearance potential measurements in arene chromium tricarbonyls, J. Organomet. Chem., 1973, 49, 219. [all data]

Debies and Rabalais, 1973
Debies, T.P.; Rabalais, J.W., Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes. II. Seven valence electron substituents, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 1, 355. [all data]

Cowling and Johnstone, 1973
Cowling, S.A.; Johnstone, R.A.W., Photoelectron spectroscopy: The effects of steric inhibition to resonance in anilines, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 2, 161. [all data]

Cooks, Bertrand, et al., 1973
Cooks, R.G.; Bertrand, M.; Beynon, J.H.; Rennekamp, M.E.; Setser, D.W., Energy partitioning data as an ion structure probe. Substituted anisoles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 1732. [all data]

Johnstone and Mellon, 1972
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A., Electron-impact ionization and appearance potentials, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 1209. [all data]

Gross, 1972
Gross, M.L., Ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry. A means of evaluating 'kinetic shifts', Org. Mass Spectrom., 1972, 6, 827. [all data]

Potapov and Iskakov, 1971
Potapov, V.K.; Iskakov, L.I., Electronic structure and photoionization of aromatic amines, High Energy Chem., 1971, 5, 237, In original 264. [all data]

Johnstone, Mellon, et al., 1971
Johnstone, R.A.W.; Mellon, F.A.; Ward, S.D., On-line computer methods used in conjunction with the measurement of ionization appearance potentials, Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1971, 5, 334. [all data]

Zandberg and Rasulev, 1969
Zandberg, E.Ya.; Rasulev, U.Kh., Surface ionization of aniline molecules, Zh. Tekhn. Fiz. 1968,38,1798 (Engl. Transl.: Soviet Phys. - Tech. Phys., 1969, 13, 1450). [all data]

Eland, 1969
Eland, J.H.D., Photoelectron spectra of conjugated hydrocarbons and heteromolecules, Intern. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1969, 2, 471. [all data]

Akopyan and Vilesov, 1964
Akopyan, M.E.; Vilesov, F.I., Excited states of positive ions and dissociative photoionization of aromatic amines, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1964, 158, 1386, In original 965. [all data]

Terenin, 1961
Terenin, A., Charge transfer in organic solids, induced by light, Proc. Chem. Soc., London, 1961, 321. [all data]

Watanabe and Mottl, 1957
Watanabe, K.; Mottl, J.R., Ionization potentials of ammonia and some amines, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 1773. [all data]

Vilesov and Terenin, 1957
Vilesov, F.I.; Terenin, A.N., The photoionization of the vapors of certain organic compounds, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1957, 115, 744, In original 539. [all data]

Furin, Sultanov, et al., 1987
Furin, G.G.; Sultanov, A.S.; Furlei, I.I., Photoelectronic spectra of fluorine-containing aromatic amines, Dokl. Phys. Chem., 1987, 530. [all data]

Meeks, Wahlborg, et al., 1981
Meeks, J.; Wahlborg, A.; McGlynn, S.P., Photoelectron spectroscopy of carbonyls: Benzoic acid and its derivatives, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1981, 22, 43. [all data]

Palmer, Moyes, et al., 1979
Palmer, M.H.; Moyes, W.; Spiers, M.; Ridyard, J.N.A., The electronic structure of substituted benzenes; a study of aniline, the toluidines, phenylenediamines and fluoroanilines by photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, J. Mol. Struct., 1979, 53, 235. [all data]

Kobayashi, 1978
Kobayashi, T., A simple general tendency in photoelectron angular distributions of some monosubstituted benzenes, Phys. Lett., 1978, 69, 105. [all data]

Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1974
Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of substituted benzenes, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1974, 47, 2563. [all data]

Haink, Adams, et al., 1974
Haink, H.J.; Adams, J.E.; Huber, J.R., The electronic structure of aromatic amines: photoelectron spectroscopy of diphenylamine, iminobibenzyl, acridan and carbazole, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 436. [all data]

Kobayashi and Nagakura, 1972
Kobayashi, T.; Nagakura, S., Photoelectron spectra of anilines, Chem. Lett., 1972, 1013. [all data]

Tajima and Tsuchiya, 1973
Tajima, S.; Tsuchiya, T., Energetics consideration of C5H5+ ions produced from various precursors by electron impact, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1973, 46, 3291. [all data]

Occolowitz and White, 1968
Occolowitz, J.L.; White, G.L., Energetic considerations in the assignment of some fragment ion structures, Australian J. Chem., 1968, 21, 997. [all data]

Lifshitz and Malinovich, 1984
Lifshitz, C.; Malinovich, Y., Time resolved photoionization mass spectrometry in the millisecond range, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 60, 99. [all data]

Lifshitz, Gotchiguian, et al., 1983
Lifshitz, C.; Gotchiguian, P.; Roller, R., Time-dependent mass spectra and breakdown graphs. The kinetic shift in aniline, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1983, 95, 106. [all data]

Bentley, Johnstone, et al., 1973
Bentley, T.W.; Johnstone, R.A.W.; McMaster, B.N., Appearance potentials of metastable and normal ions and the kinetic shift, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 510. [all data]

Wren, Vogelhuber, et al., 2012
Wren, S.W.; Vogelhuber, K.M.; Ichino, T.; Stanton, J.F.; Lineberger, W.C., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Anilinide and Acidity of Aniline, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2012, 116, 12, 3118-3123, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp211463r . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References