Acetamide

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-56.96 ± 0.19kcal/molCcbBarnes and Pilcher, 1975 

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfsolid-75.43 ± 0.20kcal/molCcrNurachmetov, Beremzhanov, et al., 1985see Nurakhmeta, Beremzhanov, et al., 1984; ALS
Δfsolid-74.11kcal/molCcbCiocazanu, Dogaru, et al., 1976ALS
Δfsolid-75.76 ± 0.17kcal/molCcbBarnes and Pilcher, 1975ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcsolid-283.47 ± 0.20kcal/molCcrNurachmetov, Beremzhanov, et al., 1985see Nurakhmeta, Beremzhanov, et al., 1984; ALS
Δcsolid-284.78kcal/molCcbCiocazanu, Dogaru, et al., 1976ALS
Δcsolid-283.13 ± 0.16kcal/molCcbBarnes and Pilcher, 1975ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
solid,1 bar27.49cal/mol*KN/ANurachmetov, Beremzhanov, et al., 1985DH
solid,1 bar27.49cal/mol*KN/ANurakhmetov, Beremzhanov, et al., 1984DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Cp,solid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
20.71298.Emons, Naumann, et al., 1986T = 298 to 400 K. Cp data given at 298 K as 1.467 kJ/kg*K (extrapolated). Cp = 1.481 + 0.0069(T-300) kJ/kg*K (300 to 330).; DH
21.81298.15Nurachmetov, Beremzhanov, et al., 1985T = 13 to 330 K.; DH
21.81298.15Nurakhmetov, Beremzhanov, et al., 1984T = 8 to 330 K.; DH
21.51300.DeWit, DeKruif, et al., 1983T = 90 to 360 K.; DH
21.6298.15Skold, Suurkuusk, et al., 1976DH
15.9293.Campbell and Campbell, 1940DH

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil494.4 ± 0.5KAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus352. ± 9.KAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple353.33KN/ADe Wit, De Kruif, et al., 1983Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δsub18.5kcal/molN/ADe Wit, Van Miltenburg, et al., 1983AC
Δsub18.80 ± 0.079kcal/molVBarnes and Pilcher, 1975ALS
Δsub19.2 ± 0.2kcal/molN/AMorawetz, 1971AC
Δsub19.2 ± 0.31kcal/molCWadsö, Borgen, et al., 1965AC
Δsub19.2 ± 0.3kcal/molCWadso, 1965ALS

Reduced pressure boiling point

Tboil (K) Pressure (atm) Reference Comment
365.0.007Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982BS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
15.2396.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 381. to 492. K.; AC
14.6353.N/AStull, 1947Based on data from 338. to 495. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
338. to 495.5.36542413.323-45.444Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
18.6284.TE,MEDe Wit, Van Miltenburg, et al., 1983Based on data from 273. to 293. K.; AC
18.5 ± 0.1323.GSDavies, Jones, et al., 1959Based on data from 298. to 349. K. See also Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
3.7046354.05Nikolic, Tripkovic, et al., 1989DH
2.9928 to 3.0777342.15Emons, Naumann, et al., 1986DH
3.7299353.5Emons, Naumann, et al., 1986DH
3.7261353.33DeWit, DeKruif, et al., 1983DH
3.73353.Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
8.75 to 8.99342.15Emons, Naumann, et al., 1986DH
10.55353.5Emons, Naumann, et al., 1986DH
10.5353.33DeWit, DeKruif, et al., 1983DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C2H4NO- + Hydrogen cation = Acetamide

By formula: C2H4NO- + H+ = C2H5NO

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr362.0 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSDecouzon, Exner, et al., 1990gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr358.6 ± 1.2kcal/molEIAEMuftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr355.0 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREDecouzon, Exner, et al., 1990gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

Diacetamide + Water = Acetamide + Acetic acid

By formula: C4H7NO2 + H2O = C2H5NO + C2H4O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-4.33 ± 0.05kcal/molCmHill and Wadso, 1968solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δr-4.33 ± 0.05kcal/molCmWadso, 1965solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

C2H4NO- + Hydrogen cation = Acetamide

By formula: C2H4NO- + H+ = C2H5NO

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr373.0 ± 3.1kcal/molG+TSHare, Marimanikkuppam, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr365.0 ± 3.0kcal/molIMRBHare, Marimanikkuppam, et al., 2001gas phase; B

N,N,N-Triacetylamine + 2Water = Acetamide + 2Acetic acid

By formula: C6H9NO3 + 2H2O = C2H5NO + 2C2H4O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-24.74 ± 0.02kcal/molCmHill and Wadso, 1968liquid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Acetamide + Water = Acetic acid + Ammonia

By formula: C2H5NO + H2O = C2H4O2 + H3N

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.2 ± 0.33kcal/molCmHill and Wadso, 1968solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Sodium hydroxide + Acetamide = Acetic acid, sodium salt + Ammonia

By formula: HNaO + C2H5NO = C2H3NaO2 + H3N

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-10.9kcal/molCmCalvet, 1933solid phase; Heat of hydrolysis; ALS

Sodium ion (1+) + Acetamide = (Sodium ion (1+) • Acetamide)

By formula: Na+ + C2H5NO = (Na+ • C2H5NO)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr34.7kcal/molCIDTKlassen, Anderson, et al., 1996RCD

Potassium ion (1+) + Acetamide = (Potassium ion (1+) • Acetamide)

By formula: K+ + C2H5NO = (K+ • C2H5NO)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr29.7kcal/molCIDTKlassen, Anderson, et al., 1996RCD

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)9.69 ± 0.07eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)206.4kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity199.0kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
9.7PEAsbrink, Svensson, et al., 1981LLK
10.15 ± 0.05EIBaldwin, Loudon, et al., 1977LLK
9.62PEMeeks, Arnett, et al., 1975LLK
9.62PEMcGlynn and Meeks, 1975LLK
9.80PESweigart and Turner, 1972LLK
9.77 ± 0.02PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
9.65 ± 0.03PIVilesov, 1960RDSH
10.0PEAsbrink, Svensson, et al., 1981Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CH2NO+11.60?EILoudon and Webb, 1977LLK
C2H3O+11.70?EILoudon and Webb, 1977LLK

De-protonation reactions

C2H4NO- + Hydrogen cation = Acetamide

By formula: C2H4NO- + H+ = C2H5NO

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr362.0 ± 2.1kcal/molG+TSDecouzon, Exner, et al., 1990gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr358.6 ± 1.2kcal/molEIAEMuftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr355.0 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREDecouzon, Exner, et al., 1990gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

C2H4NO- + Hydrogen cation = Acetamide

By formula: C2H4NO- + H+ = C2H5NO

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr373.0 ± 3.1kcal/molG+TSHare, Marimanikkuppam, et al., 2001gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr365.0 ± 3.0kcal/molIMRBHare, Marimanikkuppam, et al., 2001gas phase; B

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Potassium ion (1+) + Acetamide = (Potassium ion (1+) • Acetamide)

By formula: K+ + C2H5NO = (K+ • C2H5NO)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr29.7kcal/molCIDTKlassen, Anderson, et al., 1996 

Sodium ion (1+) + Acetamide = (Sodium ion (1+) • Acetamide)

By formula: Na+ + C2H5NO = (Na+ • C2H5NO)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr34.7kcal/molCIDTKlassen, Anderson, et al., 1996 

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998.
NIST MS number 291227

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySPB-Sulfur719.8de Lacy Costello, Evans, et al., 200130. m/0.32 mm/4. μm, 40. C @ 12.5 min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryFFAP1788.Yasuhara, 198750. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C (5min) => 2C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 210C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-1764.Chen, Wang, et al., 199860. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryRTX-Wax1738.Prososki, Etzel, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1764.Wong and Bernhard, 1988He, 70. C @ 8. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 160. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1763.Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 150 0C 4 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillaryDB-Wax1725.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1775.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Ion clustering data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Barnes and Pilcher, 1975
Barnes, D.S.; Pilcher, G., Enthalpies of combustion of ethanamide, propanamide, and butanamide, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 377-382. [all data]

Nurachmetov, Beremzhanov, et al., 1985
Nurachmetov, N.N.; Beremzhanov, B.A.; Abramova, G.V.; Lebedev, B.V., Thermodynamics of (thio)amides and their compounds with mineral acids at (0-330)K, Thermochim. Acta, 1985, 92, 329-332. [all data]

Nurakhmeta, Beremzhanov, et al., 1984
Nurakhmeta, N.N.; Beremzhanov, B.A.; Abramova, G.V.; Lebedev, B.V., Thermodynamic properties of acetamide, thio-semicarbazide, and thiourea hydronitrate at (0-330) K, Probl. Kalorim. Khim. Termodin., Dokl. Vses. Konf., 10th, 1984, 2, 460-462. [all data]

Ciocazanu, Dogaru, et al., 1976
Ciocazanu, I.; Dogaru, V.; Zavoianu, D., Structure and reactivity of amides. Concerning the heats of combustion and formation of some unsaturated α, β amides derived from acetamide, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest), 1976, 27, 4-6. [all data]

Nurakhmetov, Beremzhanov, et al., 1984
Nurakhmetov, N.N.; Beremzhanov, B.A.; Abramova, G.V.; Lebedev, B.V., Thermodynamic properties of acetamide, thiosemicarbazide, and thiourea hydronitrate at (0-330) K, Probl. Kalorim. Khim. Termodin., Dokl. Vses. Konf., 10th, 1984, 2, 460-2. [all data]

Emons, Naumann, et al., 1986
Emons, H.H.; Naumann, R.; Jahn, K.; Flammersheim, H.J., Thermal properties of acetamide in the temperature range from 298 K to 400 K, Thermochim. Acta, 1986, 104, 127-137. [all data]

DeWit, DeKruif, et al., 1983
DeWit, H.G.M.; DeKruif, C.G.; Van Miltenburg, J.C., Thermodynamic properties of molecular organic crystals containing organic crystals containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. II. Molar heat capacities of eight compounds by adiabatic calorimetry, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1983, 15, 891-902. [all data]

Skold, Suurkuusk, et al., 1976
Skold, R.; Suurkuusk, J.; Wadso, I., Thermochemistry of solutions of biochemical model compounds. 7. Aqueous solutions of some amides, t-butanol, and pentanol, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 1075-1080. [all data]

Campbell and Campbell, 1940
Campbell, A.N.; Campbell, A.J.R., The heats of solution, heats of formation, specific heats and equilibrium diagrams of certain molecular compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 291-297. [all data]

De Wit, De Kruif, et al., 1983
De Wit, H.G.M.; De Kruif, C.G.; Van Miltenburg, J.C., Thermodynamic properties of molecular organic crystals containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur II. Molar heat capacities of eight compounds by adiabatic calorimetry, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1983, 15, 9, 891, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(83)90095-2 . [all data]

De Wit, Van Miltenburg, et al., 1983
De Wit, H.G.M.; Van Miltenburg, J.C.; De Kruif, C.G., Thermodynamic properties of molecular organic crystals containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur 1. Vapour pressures and enthalpies of sublimation, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1983, 15, 7, 651-663, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(83)90079-4 . [all data]

Morawetz, 1971
Morawetz, E., , Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Lund, 1971. [all data]

Wadsö, Borgen, et al., 1965
Wadsö, Ingemar; Borgen, Gerd L.; Sørensen, Georg Ole; Olsen, Gert; Jansen, Gert, Thermochemical Properties of Diacetamide, N-Butyldiacetamide and N-Phenyldiacetamide., Acta Chem. Scand., 1965, 19, 1079-1087, https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.19-1079 . [all data]

Wadso, 1965
Wadso, I., Thermochemical properties of diacetimide, N-butyldiacetimide and N-phenyldiacetimide, Acta Chem. Scand., 1965, 19, 1079-1087. [all data]

Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982
Buckingham, J.; Donaghy, S.M., Dictionary of Organic Compounds: Fifth Edition, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982, 1. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Davies, Jones, et al., 1959
Davies, M.; Jones, A.H.; Thomas, G.H., The lattice energies of the straight-chain primary amides, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1959, 55, 1100. [all data]

Nikolic, Tripkovic, et al., 1989
Nikolic, R.; Tripkovic, J.; Kerridge, D.H., Phase chages in acetamide-salt systems: Melting points and latent heat of fusion of pure acetamide and acetamide-ammonium chloride, Thermochim. Acta, 1989, 146, 353-360. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Decouzon, Exner, et al., 1990
Decouzon, M.; Exner, O.; Gal, J.-F.; Maria, P.-C., The Gas-Phase Acidity and the Acidic Site of Acetohydroxamic Acid: an FT-ICR Study, J. Org. Chem., 1990, 55, 13, 3980, https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00300a007 . [all data]

Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999
Muftakhov, M.V.; Vasil'ev, Y.V.; Mazunov, V.A., Determination of electron affinity of carbonyl radicals by means of negative ion mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1999, 13, 12, 1104-1108, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19990630)13:12<1104::AID-RCM619>3.0.CO;2-C . [all data]

Hill and Wadso, 1968
Hill, J.O.; Wadso, I., Some thermochemical properties of N,N,N-triacetylammonia, Acta Chem. Scand., 1968, 22, 1590-1594. [all data]

Hare, Marimanikkuppam, et al., 2001
Hare, M.C.; Marimanikkuppam, S.S.; Kass, S.R., Acetamide enolate: formation, reactivity, and proton affinity, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2001, 210, 153-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00397-9 . [all data]

Calvet, 1933
Calvet, E., Mesures thermochimiques directes en chimie organique vitesses et chaleurs de saponification des amides. II.-Mesures effectuees et resultats obtenus, J. Chim. Phys., 1933, 30, 140-146. [all data]

Klassen, Anderson, et al., 1996
Klassen, J.S.; Anderson, S.G.; Blades, A.T.; Kebarle, P., Reaction Enthalpies for M+L = M+ + L, Where M+ = Na+ and K+ and L = Acetamide, N-Methylacetamide, N,N-Dimethylacetamide, Glycine, and Glycylglycine, from Determinations of the Collision-Induced Dissociation Thresholds, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 33, 14218, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9608382 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Asbrink, Svensson, et al., 1981
Asbrink, L.; Svensson, A.; Von Niessen, W.; Bieri, G., 30.4 nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1981, 24, 293. [all data]

Baldwin, Loudon, et al., 1977
Baldwin, M.A.; Loudon, A.G.; Webb, K.S.; Cardnell, P.C., Charge location and fragmentation under electron impact. V-The ionization potentials of (methylated) phosphoramides, guanidines, formamides, acetamides, ureas and thioureas, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1977, 12, 279. [all data]

Meeks, Arnett, et al., 1975
Meeks, J.L.; Arnett, J.F.; Larson, D.; McGlynn, S.P., Photoelectron spectroscopy of carbonyls. Ionization assignments, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 30, 190. [all data]

McGlynn and Meeks, 1975
McGlynn, S.P.; Meeks, J.L., Photoelectron spectra of carbonyls: Acetaldehyde, acetamide, biacetyl, pyruvic acid, methyl pyruvate and vamide, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 269. [all data]

Sweigart and Turner, 1972
Sweigart, D.A.; Turner, D.W., Lone pair orbitals and their interactions studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. I. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 5592. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Vilesov, 1960
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Notes

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