2-Pentanol
- Formula: C5H12O
- Molecular weight: 88.1482
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 6032-29-7
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Stereoisomers:
- Other names: sec-Amyl alcohol; sec-Pentanol; Methylpropylcarbinol; 1-Methyl-1-butanol; 1-Methylbutanol; 2-Pentyl alcohol; n-C3H7CH(OH)CH3; Pentanol-2; Pentan-2-ol; sec-n-Amyl alcohol; Isoamyl alcohol, secondary; sec-Pentyl alcohol
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.
Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -74.74 | kcal/mol | N/A | Sachek, Peshchenko, et al., 1974 | Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -365.2±1.1 kj/mol from Sachek, Peshchenko, et al., 1974 and ΔvapH° value of 52.5 kj/mol from Chao and Rossini, 1965.; DRB |
ΔfH°gas | -75.00 ± 0.26 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Connett, 1970 | ALS |
ΔfH°gas | -75.18 ± 0.36 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Chao and Rossini, 1965 | Heat of formation derived by Cox and Pilcher, 1970; ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°gas | 93.7 ± 0.2 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Connett, 1970 | This value was obtained from equilibrium study.; GT |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -87.29 ± 0.26 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Sachek, Peshchenko, et al., 1974 | Heat of combustion not reported |
ΔfH°liquid | -87.57 ± 0.41 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Connett, 1970 | |
ΔfH°liquid | -87.75 ± 0.18 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Chao and Rossini, 1965 | see Rossini, 1934 |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°liquid | -792.41 ± 0.16 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Chao and Rossini, 1965 | see Rossini, 1934; Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -87.74 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections) |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 392. ± 1. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 40 out of 43 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 560.3 ± 0.3 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 6 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 36.3 ± 0.2 | atm | N/A | Gude and Teja, 1995 | |
Pc | 35.92 | atm | N/A | Quadri, Khilar, et al., 1991 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.39 atm; TRC |
Pc | 36.61 | atm | N/A | Rosenthal and Teja, 1990 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.20 atm; TRC |
Pc | 36.61 | atm | N/A | Rosenthal and Teja, 1989 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.20 atm; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Vc | 0.329 | l/mol | N/A | Gude and Teja, 1995 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 3.04 ± 0.02 | mol/l | N/A | Gude and Teja, 1995 | |
ρc | 3.04 | mol/l | N/A | Smith, Anselme, et al., 1986 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.23 mol/l; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 12.8 | kcal/mol | CGC | Chickos, Hosseini, et al., 1995 | Based on data from 323. to 373. K.; AC |
ΔvapH° | 13.0 ± 0.05 | kcal/mol | C | Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1985 | AC |
ΔvapH° | 12.6 ± 0.31 | kcal/mol | V | Connett, 1970 | ALS |
ΔvapH° | 12.56 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | V | Chao and Rossini, 1965 | Heat of formation derived by Cox and Pilcher, 1970; ALS |
ΔvapH° | 12.7 | kcal/mol | C | McCurdy and Laidler, 1963 | AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
12.2 | 339. | EB | Gierycz, Kosowski, et al., 2009 | Based on data from 324. to 391. K.; AC |
14.1 | 289. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 274. to 393. K.; AC |
12.6 ± 0.05 | 313. | C | Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1985 | AC |
12.2 ± 0.05 | 328. | C | Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1985 | AC |
11.7 ± 0.05 | 343. | C | Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1985 | AC |
11.2 ± 0.02 | 358. | C | Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1985 | AC |
10.9 ± 0.02 | 368. | C | Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1985 | AC |
12.0 | 337. | N/A | Sachek, Markovnik, et al., 1984 | Based on data from 322. to 393. K.; AC |
12.9 | 313. | N/A | Wilhoit and Zwolinski, 1973 | Based on data from 298. to 393. K.; AC |
12.8 | 313. | N/A | Butler, Ramchandani, et al., 1935 | Based on data from 298. to 383. K. See also Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
298.12 to 383.34 | 4.41778 | 1291.212 | -100.017 | Butler, Ramchandani, et al., 1935, 2 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
2.03 | 200. | Lohmann, Joh, et al., 1997 | AC |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
C5H11O- + =
By formula: C5H11O- + H+ = C5H12O
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 373.3 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | CIDC | Haas and Harrison, 1993 | gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 366.7 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Haas and Harrison, 1993 | gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B |
By formula: C5H12O = C5H10O + H2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 13.1 ± 0.07 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Connett, 1970 | liquid phase; ALS |
Henry's Law data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Rolf Sander
Henry's Law constant (water solution)
kH(T) = k°H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)
k°H (mol/(kg*bar)) | d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) | Method | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
67. | M | Butler, Ramchandani, et al., 1935, 2 |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
LL - Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman
View reactions leading to C5H12O+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 9.78 ± 0.03 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.78 ± 0.07 | EI | Bowen and Maccoll, 1984 | LBLHLM |
9.78 | PE | Ashmore and Burgess, 1977 | LLK |
10.27 | PE | Ashmore and Burgess, 1977 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C2H5O+ | 10.23 | 1-C3H7 | EI | Holmes, Lossing, et al., 1988 | LL |
De-protonation reactions
C5H11O- + =
By formula: C5H11O- + H+ = C5H12O
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 373.3 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | CIDC | Haas and Harrison, 1993 | gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 366.7 ± 2.1 | kcal/mol | H-TS | Haas and Harrison, 1993 | gas phase; Both metastable and 50 eV collision energy.; B |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Gas Phase Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
View spectrum image in SVG format.
Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.
Owner | NIST Standard Reference Data Program Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | Sadtler Research Labs Under US-EPA Contract |
State | gas |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1990. |
NIST MS number | 114384 |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Sachek, Peshchenko, et al., 1974
Sachek, A.I.; Peshchenko, A.D.; Andreevskii, D.N.,
Heats of formation of secondary pentanols and hexanols,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1974, 48, 617. [all data]
Chao and Rossini, 1965
Chao, J.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of combustion, formation, and isomerization of nineteen alkanols,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1965, 10, 374-379. [all data]
Connett, 1970
Connett, J.E.,
Chemical equilibria. Part III. Dehydrogenation of pentan-1-ol, pentan-2-ol, and 3-methylbutan-2-ol,
J. Chem. Soc. A, 1970, 1284-1286. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Rossini, 1934
Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of combustion and of formation of the normal aliphatic alcohols in the gaseous and liquid states, and the energies of their atomic linkages,
J. Res. NBS, 1934, 13, 189-197. [all data]
Gude and Teja, 1995
Gude, M.; Teja, A.S.,
Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 4. Aliphatic Alkanols,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 1025-1036. [all data]
Quadri, Khilar, et al., 1991
Quadri, S.K.; Khilar, K.C.; Kudchadker, A.P.; Patni, M.J.,
Measurement of the critical temperatures and critical pressures of some thermally stable or mildly unstable alkanols,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1991, 23, 67-76. [all data]
Rosenthal and Teja, 1990
Rosenthal, D.J.; Teja, A.S.,
The Critical Pressures and temperatures of Isomeric Alkanols,
Ind. Eng. Chem. to be published 1990 1990, 1990. [all data]
Rosenthal and Teja, 1989
Rosenthal, D.J.; Teja, A.S.,
Critical pressures and temperatures of isomeric alkanols,
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1989, 28, 1693. [all data]
Smith, Anselme, et al., 1986
Smith, R.L.; Anselme, M.J.; Teja, A.S.,
The Critical Temperatures of Isomeric Pentanols and Heptanols,
Fluid Phase Equilib., 1986, 31, 161. [all data]
Chickos, Hosseini, et al., 1995
Chickos, James S.; Hosseini, Sarah; Hesse, Donald G.,
Determination of vaporization enthalpies of simple organic molecules by correlations of changes in gas chromatographic net retention times,
Thermochimica Acta, 1995, 249, 41-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(95)90670-3
. [all data]
Majer, Svoboda, et al., 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.; Lencka, M.,
Enthalpies of vaporization and cohesive energies of dimethylpyridines and trimethylpyridines,
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1985, 17, 4, 365-370, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(85)90133-8
. [all data]
McCurdy and Laidler, 1963
McCurdy, K.G.; Laidler, K.J.,
HEATS OF VAPORIZATION OF A SERIES OF ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS,
Can. J. Chem., 1963, 41, 8, 1867-1871, https://doi.org/10.1139/v63-274
. [all data]
Gierycz, Kosowski, et al., 2009
Gierycz, Pawel; Kosowski, Andrzej; Swietlik, Ryszard,
Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in Binary Systems Formed by Cyclohexane with Alcohols,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2009, 54, 11, 2996-3001, https://doi.org/10.1021/je900050z
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Sachek, Markovnik, et al., 1984
Sachek, A.I.; Markovnik, V.S.; Peshchenko, A.D.; Shvaro, A.V.; Andreevskii, D.N.,
Khim. Prom-st. (Moscow), 1984, 337. [all data]
Wilhoit and Zwolinski, 1973
Wilhoit, R.C.; Zwolinski, B.J.,
Physical and thermodynamic properties of aliphatic alcohols,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data Suppl., 1973, 1, 2, 1. [all data]
Butler, Ramchandani, et al., 1935
Butler, J.A.V.; Ramchandani, C.N.; Thomson, D.W.,
58. The solubility of non-electrolytes. Part I. The free energy of hydration of some aliphatic alcohols,
J. Chem. Soc., 1935, 280, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9350000280
. [all data]
Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E.,
The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]
Butler, Ramchandani, et al., 1935, 2
Butler, J.A.V.; Ramchandani, C.N.; Thomson, D.W.,
The Solubility of Non-Electrolytes. Part 1. The Free Energy of Hydration of Some Alphatic Alcohols,
J. Chem. Soc., 1935, 280-285, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9350000280
. [all data]
Lohmann, Joh, et al., 1997
Lohmann, J.; Joh, R.; Gmehling, J.,
Solid-Liquid Equilibria of Viscous Binary Mixtures with Alcohols,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1997, 42, 6, 1170-1175, https://doi.org/10.1021/je9700683
. [all data]
Haas and Harrison, 1993
Haas, M.J.; Harrison, A.G.,
The Fragmentation of Proton-Bound Cluster Ions and the Gas-Phase Acidities of Alcohols,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1993, 124, 2, 115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)80003-W
. [all data]
Bowen and Maccoll, 1984
Bowen, R.D.; Maccoll, A.,
Low energy, low temperature mass spectra,
Org. Mass Spectrom., 1984, 19, 379. [all data]
Ashmore and Burgess, 1977
Ashmore, F.S.; Burgess, A.R.,
Study of Some Medium Size Alcohols and Hydroperoxides by Photoelectron Spectroscopy,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1977, 73, 1247. [all data]
Holmes, Lossing, et al., 1988
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P.; Maccoll, A.,
Heats of formation of alkyl radicals from appearance energies,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 7339. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure S°gas Entropy of gas at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Vc Critical volume d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant k°H Henry's Law constant at 298.15K ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.