Formic acid, butyl ester

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil379.7 ± 0.7KAVGN/AAverage of 11 out of 12 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus183.15KN/ATimmermans, 1927Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5 K; TRC
Tfus183.2KN/ATimmermans, 1922Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc565.2KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap9.837kcal/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap9.58kcal/molEBChylinski, Fras, et al., 2004Based on data from 313. to 359. K.; AC
Δvap9.87 ± 0.02kcal/molCSvoboda, Uchytilová, et al., 1980AC
Δvap8.86 ± 0.01kcal/molVMathews, 1926ALS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
8.743379.3N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
9.06310.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 295. to 380. K.; AC
9.58 ± 0.02313.CSvoboda, Uchytilová, et al., 1980AC
9.32 ± 0.02328.CSvoboda, Uchytilová, et al., 1980AC
9.25 ± 0.02346.CCihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976AC
9.11 ± 0.02355.CCihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976AC
8.91 ± 0.02363.CCihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kcal/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
298. to 363.13.200.231565.2Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
302.3 to 385.64.222011347.33-59.956Nelson, 1928Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)10.52 ± 0.02eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)192.6kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity185.kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
10.52 ± 0.05PEBenoit, Harrison, et al., 1977LLK
10.54PESweigart and Turner, 1972LLK
10.50 ± 0.02PIWatanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962RDSH
10.52PEBenoit and Harrison, 1977Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
CHO+11.47 ± 0.11?EIBrion and Dunning, 1963RDSH
C3H7+12.24 ± 0.12?EIBrion and Dunning, 1963RDSH

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Timmermans, 1927
Timmermans, J., The Melting Point of Organic Substances, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1927, 36, 502. [all data]

Timmermans, 1922
Timmermans, J., Investigation of the Freezing Point of Organic Substances VII, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1922, 31, 389. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Chylinski, Fras, et al., 2004
Chylinski, Krzysztof; Fras, Zbigniew; Malanowski, Stanislaw K., Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Phenol + α-Methyl Benzyl Alcohol and 2-Ethoxyethanol + n -Butyl Formate «8224», J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2004, 49, 1, 2-6, https://doi.org/10.1021/je025566c . [all data]

Svoboda, Uchytilová, et al., 1980
Svoboda, Václav; Uchytilová, Vera; Majer, Vladimír; Pick, Jirí, Heats of vaporization of alkyl esters of formic, acetic and propionic acids, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1980, 45, 12, 3233-3240, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19803233 . [all data]

Mathews, 1926
Mathews, J.H., The accurate measurement of heats of vaporization of liquids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 562-576. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Cihlár, Hynek, et al., 1976
Cihlár, J.; Hynek, V.; Svoboda, V.; Holub, R., Heats of vaporization of alkyl esters of formic acid, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1976, 41, 1, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19760001 . [all data]

Nelson, 1928
Nelson, O.A., Vapor Pressures of Fumigants: II---Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl, Secondary Butyl and Isobutyl Formates 1, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1928, 20, 12, 1382-1384, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50228a035 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Benoit, Harrison, et al., 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G.; Lossing, F.P., Hydrogen migrations in mass spectrometry III-Energetics of formation of [R'CO2H2]+ in the mass spectra of R'CO2R, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1977, 12, 78. [all data]

Sweigart and Turner, 1972
Sweigart, D.A.; Turner, D.W., Lone pair orbitals and their interactions studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. I. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 5592. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Benoit and Harrison, 1977
Benoit, F.M.; Harrison, A.G., Predictive value of proton affinity. Ionization energy correlations involving oxygenated molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3980. [all data]

Brion and Dunning, 1963
Brion, C.E.; Dunning, W.J., Electron impact studies of simple carboxylic esters, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1963, 59, 647. [all data]


Notes

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