Hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil382.1 ± 0.9KAVGN/AAverage of 39 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus182. ± 2.KAVGN/AAverage of 19 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple181.960KN/AAnonymous, 1957Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; TRC
Ttriple181.970KN/AAnonymous, 1957Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Ttriple181.960KN/AAnonymous, 1957Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc550.0 ± 0.5KN/ADaubert, 1996 
Tc549.99KN/AMcMicking and Kay, 1965Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
Tc550.0KN/AYoung, 1910Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Tc544.0KN/APawlewski, 1883Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 8. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc24.9 ± 0.2barN/ADaubert, 1996 
Pc24.867barN/AMcMicking and Kay, 1965Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4053 bar; TRC
Pc24.878barN/AYoung, 1910Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.20 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.482l/molN/ADaubert, 1996 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc2.07 ± 0.02mol/lN/ADaubert, 1996 
ρc2.07mol/lN/AMcMicking and Kay, 1965Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; TRC
ρc2.071mol/lN/AYoung, 1910Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 mol/l; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap37.92kJ/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap37.9kJ/molN/AReid, 1972AC
Δvap37.9 ± 0.1kJ/molCOsborne and Ginnings, 1947AC
Δvap37.85kJ/molCOsborne and Ginnings, 1947, 2ALS
Δvap32.0kJ/molVFajans, 1920ALS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
32.54382.3N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
36.9322.A,MMStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 307. to 383. K. See also Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945.; AC
41.1261.N/AStull, 1947Based on data from 246. to 382. K.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
246.5 to 382.33.980211284.664-59.032Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Sharon G. Lias and Joel F. Liebman

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference
9.76ESTLuo and Pacey, 1992

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.730.4Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-10160.731.0Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-1010.731.Skrbic, 1997 
CapillaryOV-1010.732.Skrbic, 1997 
PackedSqualane78.5730.7Zhang and Lu, 1996 
CapillaryOV-101150.732.3Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101180.734.5Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySqualane25.727.Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994 
CapillaryDB-160.732.5Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
CapillaryPONA60.732.4Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryPONA60.732.5Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryDB-160.732.4Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 1. μm
CapillaryOV-10160.732.8Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 μm
CapillaryBP-10.731.Skrbic and Cvejanov, 199215. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm, N2
CapillaryMethyl Silicone40.732.Takeda, 1991Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone80.733.Takeda, 1991Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-160.733.Engewald, Maurer, et al., 1989 
CapillarySqualane50.728.4Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198950. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He
CapillarySqualane70.729.Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198950. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He
CapillaryOV-10140.731.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10160.731.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10180.732.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillarySqualane50.728.Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillarySqualane70.729.3Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillaryNonpolar45.728.Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 
CapillaryNonpolar52.5728.Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 
CapillaryNonpolar60.729.Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 
CapillaryOV-10140.732.6Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.732.8Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10160.733.0Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10170.733.2Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10130.730.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10140.731.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10150.731.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10160.731.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10170.732.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10180.732.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryDB-160.732.5Lubeck and Sutton, 1983Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm
CapillaryDB-160.732.4Lubeck and Sutton, 198360. m/0.259 mm/1. μm
CapillaryOV-10150.732.Johansen and Ettre, 1982100. m/0.27 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.732.Johansen and Ettre, 198255. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillarySF-9650.732.Johansen and Ettre, 198291.4 m/0.31 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-160.723.Nijs and Jacobs, 1981He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
PackedSqualane100.729.Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1980He, Chromaton N-AW-HMDS; Column length: 1. m
PackedTriacontane80.728.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane80.730.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
CapillarySqualane60.729.Chretien and Dubois, 1976 
CapillarySqualane100.728.Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.733.Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.728.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.729.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)35.724.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)45.725.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)50.725.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)58.725.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)68.726.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillarySqualane70.728.5Dimov and Schopov, 1971Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-3080.728.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
PackedSqualane25.728.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
PackedSqualane80.729.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
CapillarySqualane40.728.Matukuma, 1969N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane27.727.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.728.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.729.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.729.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane30.728.Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 10. m
PackedSqualane50.729.Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 10. m
CapillarySqualane30.728.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.728.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.729.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane100.730.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane40.728.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane55.729.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane60.729.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane70.730.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane80.729.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-54727.Rembold, Wallner, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101727.Hayes and Pitzer, 1982110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryApiezon L721.Louis, 1971N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100730.Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
CapillaryDB-1735.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH732.Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillarySPB-1727.10LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillarySPB-1727.54LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillaryOV-101729.7Yin, Liu, et al., 2001N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 130. C
CapillaryPONA726.9Martos, Saraullo, et al., 199750. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 0.5 min, 1. K/min, 220. C @ 8. min
CapillaryPONA726.9Martos, Saraullo, et al., 199750. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 0.5 min, 1. K/min, 220. C @ 8. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH728.00Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH728.09Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH729.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryMethyl Silicone728.Takeda, 199120. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101726.Hayes and Pitzer, 1981108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone736.30Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 199950. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C(2min) => 49.9C/min => 35C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C(2min) => 40C/min => 240C(30min)
CapillaryOV-101730.Wu and Lu, 1984Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.733.Li and Deng, 1998N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone50.728.N/AN2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.732.Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 
CapillaryOV-10170.732.Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 
CapillarySqualane100.730.Dimov N., 1976 
CapillarySqualane70.729.Dimov N., 1976 
CapillarySqualane86.722.Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm
CapillarySqualane70.729.Schomburg, 1966 

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB733.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH732.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryPONA732.Zhang, Ding, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryOV-101732.Orav, Kailas, et al., 199950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C
CapillaryDB-1733.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone728.Feng and Mu, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101729.Du and Liang, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes730.Yin, Guo, et al., 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryBPX-5758.Madruga, Arruda, et al., 200050. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (5 min) 20 0C/min -> 60 0C (5 min) 4 0C/min -> 250 0C (10 min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone729.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54730.Zhu and He, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54731.Zhu and He, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101732.Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1993Program: not specified
CapillarySE-52728.van Langenhove and Schamp, 1986Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySqualane728.Petrov, 1984Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryRTX-Wax742.Galindo-Cuspinera, Lubran, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 180. C @ 20. min

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Anonymous, 1957
Anonymous, R., , Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 6, Carnegie-Mellon Univ., 1957. [all data]

Daubert, 1996
Daubert, T.E., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 5. Branched Alkanes and Cycloalkanes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1996, 41, 365-372. [all data]

McMicking and Kay, 1965
McMicking, J.H.; Kay, W.B., Vapor Pressures and Saturated Liquid and Vapor Densities of The Isomeric Heptanes and Isomeric Octanes, Proc., Am. Pet. Inst., Sect. 3, 1965, 45, 75-90. [all data]

Young, 1910
Young, S., The Internal Heat of Vaporization constants of thirty pure substances, Sci. Proc. R. Dublin Soc., 1910, 12, 374. [all data]

Pawlewski, 1883
Pawlewski, B., Critical temperatures of some liquids, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1883, 16, 2633-36. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Osborne and Ginnings, 1947
Osborne, Nathan S.; Ginnings, Defoe C., Measurements of heat of vaporization and heat capacity of a number of hydrocarbons, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1947, 39, 5, 453-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.039.031 . [all data]

Osborne and Ginnings, 1947, 2
Osborne, N.S.; Ginnings, D.C., Measurements of heat of vaporization and heat capacity of a number of hydrocarbons, J. Res. NBS, 1947, 39, 453-477. [all data]

Fajans, 1920
Fajans, K., Die Energie der Atombindungen im Diamanten und in aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, Ber., 1920, 53, 643-665. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Willingham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor pressures and boiling points of some paraffin, alkylcyclopentane, alkylcyclohexane, and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1945, 35, 3, 219-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Luo and Pacey, 1992
Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D., Effects of alkyl substitution on ionization energies of alkanes and haloalkanes and on heats of formation of their molecular cations. Part 2. Alkanes and chloro-, bromo- and iodoalkanes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. [all data]

Chen, Liang, et al., 2001
Chen, J.P.; Liang, X.M.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, L.F., Prediction of GC retention values under various column temperature conditions from temperature programmed data, Chromatographia, 2001, 53, 9/10, 539-547, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02491619 . [all data]

Skrbic, 1997
Skrbic, B.D., Unified retention concept -- statistical treatment of Kováts retention index, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 764, 2, 257-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00955-7 . [all data]

Zhang and Lu, 1996
Zhang, X.; Lu, P., Unified equation between Kováts indices on different stationary phases for select types of compounds, J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 731, 1-2, 187-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)01213-3 . [all data]

Cha and Lee, 1994
Cha, K.-W.; Lee, D.-J., Prediction of retention indices of various compounds in gas-liquid chromatography, J. Korean Chem. Soc., 1994, 38, 2, 108-120, retrieved from http://journal.kcsnet.or.kr/publi/dh/dh94n2/108.pdf. [all data]

Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994
Hilal, S.H.; Carreira, L.A.; Karickhoff, S.W.; Melton, C.M., Estimation of Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Retention Times from Molecular Structure, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 2, 269-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80515-6 . [all data]

Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994
Krupcik, J.; Skacani, I.; Benicka, E.; Sandra, P., Dependence of gas chromatographic retention data of hydrocarbons on the film thickness of the polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1994, 59, 11, 2390-2396, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19942390 . [all data]

Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1992
Skrbic, B.D.; Cvejanov, J.Dj., Unified retention indices of hydrocarbons on BP-1 dimethylsiloxane stationary phase, Chromatographia, 1992, 34, 1/2, 83-84, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02290465 . [all data]

Takeda, 1991
Takeda, I., Use of literature values of temperature programmed retention indexes in qualitative analysis by isothermal gas chromatography, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1991, 14, 12, 824-828, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240141209 . [all data]

Engewald, Maurer, et al., 1989
Engewald, W.; Maurer, T.; Schiefke, A., Investigation of isomeric hydrocarbons by gas-solid chromatography on graphitized thermal carbon black, Pure Appl. Chem., 1989, 61, 11, 2001-2004, https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198961112001 . [all data]

Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989
Guan, Y.; Kiraly, J.; Rijks, J.A., Interactive retention index database for compound identification in temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 472, 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94101-3 . [all data]

Laub and Purnell, 1988
Laub, R.J.; Purnell, J.H., Specific retention volumes, retention indices, and family-plot regressions of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon solutes with OV-101 poly (dimethylsiloxane) stationary phase, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1988, 11, 9, 649-660, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240110908 . [all data]

Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988
Lunskii, M.Kh.; Paizanskaya, I.L., Identification of hydrocarbons C1-C9 of petrol fractions of oils and condensates in the use of capillary columns with dinonylphthalate, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 43, 127-135. [all data]

Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987
Stoyanov, E.; Dimov, N., Precalculation of the optimum column temperature for gas chromatographic separation of petroleum fractions, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1987, 201, 207-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85338-6 . [all data]

Boneva and Dimov, 1986
Boneva, S.; Dimov, N., Unified retention index of hydrocarbons separated on dimethylsilicone OV-101, Chromatographia, 1986, 21, 12, 697-700, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02313682 . [all data]

Chien, Furio, et al., 1983
Chien, C.-F.; Furio, D.L.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J., Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-101 and SP-2100 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 10, 577-580, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240061013 . [all data]

Lubeck and Sutton, 1983
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, DL., Kovats retention indices of selected hydrocarbons through C10 on bonded phase fused silica capillaries, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 6, 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240060612 . [all data]

Johansen and Ettre, 1982
Johansen, N.G.; Ettre, L.S., Retention index values of hydrocarbons on open-tubular columns coated with methylsilicone liquid phases, Chromatographia, 1982, 15, 10, 625-630, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02279488 . [all data]

Nijs and Jacobs, 1981
Nijs, H.H.; Jacobs, P.A., On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1981, 19, 1, 40-45, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/19.1.40 . [all data]

Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1980
Nabivach, V.M.; Kirilenko, A.V., Relationship between the gas chromatographic behaviour and the molecular structure of hydrocarbon samples and various stationary phases. Part II. Correlation between the retention index, physicochemical properties and molecular structure, Chromatographia, 1980, 13, 2, 93-100, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263060 . [all data]

Castello and D'Amato, 1979
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G., Use of Linear and Branched-Chain Paraffinic Liquid Phases as Non-Polar Reference Materials in Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 175, 1, 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86400-6 . [all data]

Chretien and Dubois, 1976
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J.-E., New Perspectives in the Prediction of Kovats Indices, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 171-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84071-1 . [all data]

Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976
Lulova, N.I.; Leont'eva, S.A.; Timofeeva, A.N., Gas-chromatographic method of determination of individual hydrocarbons in catalytic cracking gasolines in Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes. Vol.18, All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes, Moscow, 1976, 30-53. [all data]

Rijks and Cramers, 1974
Rijks, J.A.; Cramers, C.A., High precision capillary gas chromatography of hydrocarbons, Chromatographia, 1974, 7, 3, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269819 . [all data]

Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Sidorov, R.I.; Petrova, V.I.; Ivanova, M.P., Qualitative analysis of wide-boiling fraction C5-C10 with capillary chromatography in Processes in chromatographic columns. Vol.17, 1972, 14-25. [all data]

Dimov and Schopov, 1971
Dimov, N.; Schopov, D., Empirische korrektion der physikalisch-chemischen retentionsindexe von kohlenwasserstoffen auf squalan, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 63, 223-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85634-X . [all data]

Mitra and Saha, 1970
Mitra, G.D.; Saha, N.C., Determination of Retention Indices of Saturated Hydrocarbons by Graphical Methods, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1970, 8, 2, 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/8.2.95 . [all data]

Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A., Retention indices of alkanes through C10 and alkenes through C8 and relation between boiling points and retention data, Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967
Tourres, D.A., Structural analysis of industrial butene dimers by gas chromatography, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1967, 5, 1, 35-40, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/5.1.35 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967, 2
Tourres, D.A., Structure moléculaire et rétention en chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Influence de la température sur l'indice de rétention d'alcanes isomères, J. Chromatogr., 1967, 30, 357-377, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)84168-0 . [all data]

Evans, 1966
Evans, M.B., Retention indices of solutes on squalane, dinonyl phthalate, and polyethylene glycol 400, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.1 . [all data]

Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989
Rembold, H.; Wallner, P.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Drawert, F., Volatile components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a018 . [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1982
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kováts indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 253, 179-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88376-X . [all data]

Louis, 1971
Louis, R., Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 1971, 24, 2, 88-94. [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

Hoekman, 1993
Hoekman, S.K., Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 639, 2, 239-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80260-F . [all data]

Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T., Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography, J. Coat. Technol., 2003, 75, 936, 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697922 . [all data]

LECO Corporation, 2003
LECO Corporation, Determination of hydrocarbon components in petroleum naphthas, 2003, retrieved from http://www.leco.org/customersupport/apps/separationscience/-190.pdf. [all data]

Yin, Liu, et al., 2001
Yin, C.; Liu, W.; Li, Z.; Pan, Z.; Lin, T.; Zhang, M., Chemometrics to chemical modeling: structural coding in hydrocarbons and retention indices of gas chromatography, J. Sep. Sci., 2001, 24, 3, 213-220, https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010301)24:3<213::AID-JSSC213>3.0.CO;2-4 . [all data]

Martos, Saraullo, et al., 1997
Martos, P.A.; Saraullo, A.; Pawliszyn, J., Estimation of air/coating distribution coefficients for solid phase microextraction using retention indexes from linear temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography. Application to the sampling and analysis of total petroleum hydrocarbons in air, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 3, 402-408, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac960633p . [all data]

Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994
Subramaniam, B.; Bochniak, D.; Snavely, K., Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in supercritical reaction media, Lawrence Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering (DOE/PC/92532--T7), United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA, 1994, 8, retrieved from http://www.NTIS.gov. [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1981
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Kovats indices as a tool in characterizing hydrocarbon fuels in temperature programmed glass capillary gas chromatography. Part 1. Qualitative identification, Inhouse rpt. for Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 1981, 75. [all data]

Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 1999
Hassoun, S.; Pilling, M.J.; Bartle, K.D., A catalogue of urban hydrocarbons for the city of Leeds: atmospheric monitoring of volatile organic compounds by thermal desorption-gas chromatography, J. Environ. Monitor., 1999, 1, 5, 453-458, https://doi.org/10.1039/a904879k . [all data]

Wu and Lu, 1984
Wu, J.; Lu, W., Hydrocarbon analysis by open-tubular column chromatography with programmed temperature for straight run gasoline, Anal. Chem., 1984, 12, 7, 572-578. [all data]

Li and Deng, 1998
Li, H.; Deng, C., Qualitative analysis of light components of gasoline cracking using Kovats retention indices, J. Instrumental Analysis, 1998, 17, 1, 67-69. [all data]

Wu and Lu, 1984, 2
Wu, J.; Lu, W., Kovats indices of C4-C10 hydrocarbons in apolar quartz capillary OV-101, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1984, 1, 1, 11-17. [all data]

Dimov N., 1976
Dimov N., Quantitative gas chromatographic analysis and determination of solute properties. An exact equation for the calculation of the retention indices of isoalkanes on Squalane, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 119, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86775-8 . [all data]

Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971
Vigdergauz, M.S.; Martynov, A.A., Some applications of the gas chromatographic linear retention indices, Chromatographia, 1971, 4, 10, 463-467, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268816 . [all data]

Schomburg, 1966
Schomburg, G., Gaschromatographische Retentionsdaten und Struktur Chemischer Verbindungen. II. Methylverzweigungen und Doppelbindungen in Offenkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, J. Chromatogr., 1966, 23, 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)98652-2 . [all data]

Bramston-Cook, 2013
Bramston-Cook, R., Kovats indices for C2-C13 hydrocarbons and selected oxygenated/halocarbons with 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane columns, 2013, retrieved from http://lotusinstruments.com/monographs/List .... [all data]

Supelco, 2012
Supelco, CatalogNo. 24160-U, Petrocol DH Columns. Catalog No. 24160-U, 2012, retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Datasheet/1/w97949.Par.0001.File.tmp/w97949.pdf. [all data]

Zhang, Ding, et al., 2009
Zhang, X.; Ding, L.; Sun, Z.; Song, L.; Sun, T., Study on quantitative structure-retention relationships for hydrocarbons in FCC gasoline, Chromatographia, 2009, 70, 3/4, 511-518, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1174-0 . [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Muurisepp, M.; Kann, J., Composition of the oil from waste tires. 1. Fraction boiling at yp to 160 0C, Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Chem., 1999, 48, 1, 30-39. [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Frattoni, M.; Liberti, A., Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the analysis of polar and non-polar C4-C14 hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150205 . [all data]

Feng and Mu, 2007
Feng, H.; Mu, L.-L., Quantitative structure-retention relationships for alkane and its derivatives based on electrotopological state index and molecular shape index, Chem. Ind. Engineering (Chinese), 2007, 24, 2, 161-168. [all data]

Du and Liang, 2003
Du, Y.; Liang, Y., Data mining for seeking accurate quantitative relationship between molecular structure and GC retention indices of alkanes by projection pursuit, Comput. Biol. Chem., 2003, 27, 3, 339-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1476-9271(02)00081-6 . [all data]

Yin, Guo, et al., 2001
Yin, C.; Guo, W.; Lin, T.; Liu, S.; Fu, R.; Pan, Z.; Wang, L., Application of wavelet neural network to the prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of alkanes, J. Chinese Chem. Soc., 2001, 48, 739-749. [all data]

Madruga, Arruda, et al., 2000
Madruga, M.S.; Arruda, S.G.B.; Narain, N.; Souza, J.G., Castration and slaughter age effects on panel assessment and aroma compounds of the mestico goat meat, Meat Sci., 2000, 56, 2, 117-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(00)00025-5 . [all data]

Spieksma, 1999
Spieksma, W., Determination of vapor liquid equilibrium from the Kovats retention index on dimethylsilicone using the Wilson mixing tool, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1999, 22, 10, 565-588, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19991001)22:10<565::AID-JHRC565>3.0.CO;2-2 . [all data]

Zhu and He, 1999
Zhu, X.; He, L., Derivation of isothermal retention indices from a retention values under multiple-ramp temperature-programmed conditions, J. Instrum. Anal. (Chinese), 1999, 18, 6, 10-12. [all data]

Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1993
Skrbic, B.D.; Cvejanov, J.Dj., Correlation of unified retention indices for OV-101 and squalane, Chromatographia, 1993, 35, 1/2, 109-110, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02278566 . [all data]

van Langenhove and Schamp, 1986
van Langenhove, H.; Schamp, N., Identification of Volatiles in the Head Space of Acid-Treated Phosphate Rock by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectromety, J. Chromatogr., 1986, 351, 65-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)83473-7 . [all data]

Petrov, 1984
Petrov, A.A., Hydrocarbons of petroleum, Nauka (publishing house), Moscow, 1984, 263. [all data]

Galindo-Cuspinera, Lubran, et al., 2002
Galindo-Cuspinera, V.; Lubran, M.B.; Rankin, S.A., Comparison of volatile compounds in water- and oil-soluble annatto (Bixa orellana L.) extracts, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 7, 2010-2015, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011325h . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, References