2-Butene, (Z)-

• Formula: C₄H₈
• Molecular weight: 56.1063
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H,1-2H3/b4-3- Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ARJAWSKDSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 590-18-1
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Stereoisomers:
  • 2-Butene
  • 2-Butene, (E)-
• Other names: (Z)-2-Butene; cis-Butene; cis-2-Butylene; cis-1,2-Dimethylethylene; cis-2-Butene; (Z)-2-C4H8; (2Z)-2-Butene; 2-Butene, cis-; Butene-2, cis-; 2-Butene, (2Z)-; (Z)-but-2-ene
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

=

By formula: C₄H₈ = C₄H₈

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₄H₈ = C₄H₉Br

 +  =

By formula: H₂ + C₄H₈ = C₄H₁₀

=

By formula: C₄H₈ = C₄H₈

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + Br₂ = C₄H₈Br₂

=  + 

By formula: C₄H₉Cl = C₄H₈ + HCl

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₄H₈⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Gas Phase Spectrum

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Notice: Except where noted, spectra from this collection were measured on dispersive instruments, often in carefully selected solvents, and hence may differ in detail from measurements on FTIR instruments or in other chemical environments. More information on the manner in which spectra in this collection were collected can be found here.

Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951
Prosen, E.J.; Maron, F.W.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion, formation, and insomerization of ten C₄ hydrocarbons, J. Res. NBS, 1951, 46, 106-112. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Aston J.D., 1946
Aston J.D., Thermodynamic properties of gaseous 1,3-butadiene and normal butenes above 25 C. Equilibria in the system 1,3-butadiene, n-butenes, and n-butane, J. Chem. Phys., 1946, 14, 67-79. [all data]

Scott R.B., 1944
Scott R.B., Thermodynamic properties of cis-2-butene from 15 to 1500 K, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 1944, 33, 1-20. [all data]

Kilpatrick J.E., 1946
Kilpatrick J.E., Heat content, free energy function, entropy, and heat capacity of ethylene, propylene, and the four butenes to 1500 K, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand, 1946, 37, 163-171. [all data]

Kistiakowsky G.B., 1940
Kistiakowsky G.B., Gaseous heat capacities. III, J. Chem. Phys., 1940, 8, 618-622. [all data]

Lacher, Billings, et al., 1952
Lacher, J.R.; Billings, T.J.; Campion, D.E., Vapor phase heats of hydrobromination of the isomeric butenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1952, 74, 5291-52. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1935
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of organic reactions. II. Hydrogenation of some simpler olefinic hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 876-882. [all data]

Happel, Hnatow, et al., 1971
Happel, J.; Hnatow, M.A.; Mezaki, R., Isomerization equilibrium constants of n-butenes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 206-209. [all data]

Levanova and Andreevskii, 1964
Levanova, S.V.; Andreevskii, D.N., The equilibrium of 2-chlorobutane dehydrochlorination, Neftekhimiya, 1964, 4, 329-336. [all data]

Conn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1938
Conn, J.B.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Smith, E.A., Heats of organic reactions. VII. Addition of halogens to olefins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 2764-2771. [all data]

Traeger, 1986
Traeger, J.C., Heat of formation for the 1-methylallyl cation by photoionization mass spectrometry, J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 4114. [all data]

Traeger, 1984
Traeger, J.C., A study of the allyl cation thermochemistry by photoionization mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 58, 259. [all data]

Wood and Taylor, 1979
Wood, K.V.; Taylor, J.W., A photoionization mass spectrometric study of autoionization in ethylene and trans-2-butene, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 30, 307. [all data]

Lias and Ausloos, 1978
Lias, S.G.; Ausloos, P.J., eIonization energies of organic compounds by equilibrium measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 6027. [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Masclet, Grosjean, et al., 1973
Masclet, P.; Grosjean, D.; Mouvier, G., Alkene ionization potentials. Part I. Quantitative determination of alkyl group structural effects, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 2, 225. [all data]

Lossing, 1972
Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLV. Ionization potentials and heats of formation of C₃H₃, C₃H₅, and C₄H₇ radicals and ions, Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 3973. [all data]

Frost and Sandhu, 1971
Frost, D.C.; Sandhu, J.S., Ionization potentials of ethylene and some methyl-substituted ethylenes as determined by photoelectron spectroscopy, Indian J. Chem., 1971, 9, 1105. [all data]

McDiarmid, 1969
McDiarmid, R., Rydberg progressions in cis- and trans-butene, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 2328. [all data]

Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D., Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]

Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Ionization potentials of some molecules, J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]

Bralsford, Harris, et al., 1960
Bralsford, R.; Harris, P.V.; Price, W.C., The effect of fluorine on the electronic spectra and ionization potentials of molecules, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1960, A258, 459. [all data]

Krause, Taylor, et al., 1978
Krause, D.A.; Taylor, J.W.; Fenske, R.F., An analysis of the effects of alkyl substituents on the ionization potentials of n-alkenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 718. [all data]

Wiberg, Ellison, et al., 1976
Wiberg, K.B.; Ellison, G.B.; Wendoloski, J.J.; Brundle, C.R.; Kuebler, N.A., Electronic states of organic molecules. 3. Photoelectron spectra of cycloalkenes and methylenecycloalkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 7179. [all data]

Heilbronner, Hoshi, et al., 1976
Heilbronner, E.; Hoshi, T.; von Rosenberg, J.L.; Hafner, K., Alkyl-induced, natural hypsochromic shifts of the ²A←²X and ²B←²X transitions of azulene and naphthalene radical cations, Nouv. J. Chim., 1976, 1, 105. [all data]

Kimura, Katsumata, et al., 1975
Kimura, K.; Katsumata, S.; Yamazaki, T.; Wakabayashi, H., UV photoelectron spectra and sum rule consideration; out-of-plane orbitals of unsaturated compounds with planar-skeleton structure, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 6, 41. [all data]

White, Carlson, et al., 1974
White, R.M.; Carlson, T.A.; Spears, D.P., Angular distribution of the photoelectron spectra for ethylene, propylene, butene and butadiene, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1974, 3, 59. [all data]

Robin, Taylor, et al., 1973
Robin, M.B.; Taylor, G.N.; Kuebler, N.A.; Bach, R.D., Planarity of the carbon skeleton in various alkylated olefins, J. Org. Chem., 1973, 38, 1049. [all data]

Meisels, Park, et al., 1970
Meisels, G.G.; Park, J.Y.; Giessner, B.G., Ionization and dissociation of C₄H₈ isomers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1970, 92, 254. [all data]

Omura, 1961
Omura, I., Mass spectra at low ionizing voltage and bond dissociation energies of molecular ions from hydrocarbons, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1961, 34, 1227. [all data]

Lossing, 1971
Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLIII. Ionization potentials and ionic heats of formation for vinyl, allyl, and benzyl radicals, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 357. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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