Benz[a]anthracene
- Formula: C18H12
- Molecular weight: 228.2879
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 56-55-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Benzanthracene; Benzanthrene; Benzoanthracene; Benzo[a]anthracene; Benzo[b]phenanthrene; Tetraphene; 1,2-Benzanthracene; 1,2-Benzanthrene; 1,2-Benzoanthracene; 1,2-Benz[a]anthracene; 2,3-Benzophenanthrene; BA; 1,2-Benzanthrazen; 2,3-Benzphenanthrene; Rcra waste number U018; NSC 30970
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.
Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | 290.3 ± 6.0 | kJ/mol | Review | Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008 | There are insufficient literature values to properly evaluate the data and insufficient information to construct thermochemical cycles or estimate values for comparison, and one must rely solely upon reported uncertainities and the quality of the measurements. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (3 to 9) kJ/mol.; DRB |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
49.07 | 50. | Dorofeeva O.V., 1988 | Recommended values were calculated statistically mechanically using force field approximation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to estimate the needed vibrational frequencies (see also [ Dorofeeva O.V., 1986, Moiseeva N.F., 1989]). These functions are reproduced in the reference book [ Frenkel M., 1994].; GT |
77.01 | 100. | ||
111.13 | 150. | ||
150.46 | 200. | ||
212.82 | 273.15 | ||
234.3 ± 1.5 | 298.15 | ||
235.85 | 300. | ||
316.19 | 400. | ||
383.19 | 500. | ||
436.74 | 600. | ||
479.49 | 700. | ||
514.08 | 800. | ||
542.46 | 900. | ||
566.05 | 1000. | ||
585.83 | 1100. | ||
602.54 | 1200. | ||
616.76 | 1300. | ||
628.91 | 1400. | ||
639.37 | 1500. |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°solid | 170.8 ± 3.3 | kJ/mol | Review | Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008 | There are insufficient literature values to properly evaluate the data and insufficient information to construct thermochemical cycles or estimate values for comparison, and one must rely solely upon reported uncertainities and the quality of the measurements. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (3 to 9) kJ/mol.; DRB |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°solid | -8969.0 ± 2.3 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Magnus, Hartmann, et al., 1951 | Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -8969.4 ± 2.3 kJ/mol; Corresponding ΔfHºsolid = 170.8 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
Cp,solid (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
273.6 | 298.15 | Ueberreiter and Orthmann, 1950 | T = 293 to 368 K. Equation only.; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 710.8 | K | N/A | Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990 | BS |
Tboil | 710.8 | K | N/A | Wakayama and Inokuchi, 1967 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC |
Tboil | 710.7 | K | N/A | Franck, 1955 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC |
Tboil | 710.8 | K | N/A | Kruber, Raeithel, et al., 1955 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC |
Tboil | 710.7 | K | N/A | Kruber and Grigoleit, 1954 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 432. ± 3. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 8 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 105.8 ± 1.9 | kJ/mol | CGC | Hanshaw, Nutt, et al., 2008 | AC |
ΔvapH° | 96.6 ± 1.4 | kJ/mol | GC | Haftka, Parsons, et al., 2006 | Based on data from 463. to 525. K.; AC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔsubH° | 119.5 ± 5.0 | kJ/mol | Review | Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008 | There are sufficient literature values to make a qualified recommendation where the suggested value is in good agreement with values predicted using thermochemical cycles or from reliable estimates. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (2 to 4) kJ/mol.; DRB |
ΔsubH° | 123. ± 3. | kJ/mol | V | Kruif, 1980 | ALS |
ΔsubH° | 123. ± 3. | kJ/mol | N/A | Kruif, 1980 | Based on data from 373. to 396. K.; AC |
ΔsubH° | 120. | kJ/mol | V | Wakayama and Inokuchi, 1967, 2 | ALS |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
91.0 | 398. | GC | Hinckley, Bidleman, et al., 1990 | Based on data from 343. to 453. K.; AC |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
115.5 | 383. | GS | Nass, Lenoir, et al., 1995 | Based on data from 313. to 453. K.; AC |
113.4 | 345. | ME | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 330. to 390. K. See also Murray, Pottie, et al., 1974.; AC |
104. ± 2. | 351. | TE | Ferro, Imperatori, et al., 1983 | AC |
120.5 | 405. | ME | Wakayama and Inokuchi, 1967, 3 | Based on data from 357. to 454. K.; AC |
104.6 | 377. | V | Kelley and Rice, 1964 | ALS |
104.6 ± 4.2 | 390. | ME | Kelley and Rice, 1964, 2 | Based on data from 377. to 403. K. See also Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987.; AC |
119.7 | 363. | N/A | Hoyer and Peperle, 1958 | Based on data from 333. to 393. K.; AC |
117. | 333. | V | Hoyer and Peperle, 1958, 2 | ALS |
109. | 293. | V | Magnus, Hartmann, et al., 1951 | ALS |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
20.1 | 433.5 | DSC | Kestens, Auclair, et al., 2010 | AC |
21.38 | 434.3 | N/A | Acree, 1991 | AC |
Gas phase ion energetics data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
B - John E. Bartmess
View reactions leading to C18H12+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 7.45 ± 0.05 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Electron affinity determinations
EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
0.39 ± 0.10 | CIDC | Chen and Cooks, 1995 | B |
0.6300 ± 0.0080 | ECD | Becker and Chen, 1966 | B |
0.460008 | ECD | Wentworth and Becker, 1962 | B |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
7.5 ± 0.3 | EI | Wacks, 1964 | RDSH |
7.52 | CTS | Kuroda, 1964 | RDSH |
7.53 | CTS | Briegleb, 1964 | RDSH |
7.56 | CTS | Kinoshita, 1962 | RDSH |
7.5 | CTS | Briegleb, Czekalla, et al., 1961 | RDSH |
7.45 | CTS | Birks and Stifkin, 1961 | RDSH |
7.6 | CTS | Briegleb and Czekalla, 1959 | RDSH |
7.35 | CTS | Matsen, 1956 | RDSH |
7.46 ± 0.03 | PE | Akiyama, Harvey, et al., 1981 | Vertical value; LLK |
7.41 ± 0.02 | PE | Schmidt, 1977 | Vertical value; LLK |
7.41 | PE | Clar and Schmidt, 1976 | Vertical value; LLK |
7.56 ± 0.01 | PE | Dewar and Goodman, 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
7.42 | PE | Brogli and Heilbronner, 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
7.47 ± 0.01 | PE | Boschi, Murrell, et al., 1972 | Vertical value; LLK |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008
Roux, M.V.; Temprado, M.; Chickos, J.S.; Nagano, Y.,
Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2008, 37, 4, 1855-1996. [all data]
Dorofeeva O.V., 1988
Dorofeeva O.V.,
Thermodynamic Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Gaseous Phase. Institute for High Temperatures, USSR Academy of Sciences, Preprint No.1-238 (in Russian), Moscow, 1988. [all data]
Dorofeeva O.V., 1986
Dorofeeva O.V.,
On calculation of thermodynamic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
Thermochim. Acta, 1986, 102, 59-66. [all data]
Moiseeva N.F., 1989
Moiseeva N.F.,
Development of Benson group additivity method for estimation of ideal gas thermodynamic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
Thermochim. Acta, 1989, 153, 77-85. [all data]
Frenkel M., 1994
Frenkel M.,
Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State, Vol. I, II, Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, Texas, 1994, 1994. [all data]
Magnus, Hartmann, et al., 1951
Magnus, A.; Hartmann, H.; Becker, F.,
Verbrennungswarmen und resonanzenergien von mehrkernigen aromatischen kohlenwasserstoffen,
Z. Phys. Chem., 1951, 197, 75-91. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Ueberreiter and Orthmann, 1950
Ueberreiter, K.; Orthmann, H.-J.,
Specifische Wärme, spezifisches Volumen, Temperatur- und Wärme-leittähigkeit einiger disubstituierter Benzole und polycyclischer Systeme,
Z. Natursforsch. 5a, 1950, 101-108. [all data]
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc.,
Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]
Wakayama and Inokuchi, 1967
Wakayama, N.; Inokuchi, H.,
Heats of Sublimation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Molecular Packings,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1967, 40, 2267-71. [all data]
Franck, 1955
Franck, H.G.,
The true nature of coal tar pitch,
Brennst.-Chem., 1955, 36, 12. [all data]
Kruber, Raeithel, et al., 1955
Kruber, O.; Raeithel, A.; Grigoleit, G.,
Compounds Proved to Be Present in Coal Tar,
Erdoel Kohle, 1955, 8, 637. [all data]
Kruber and Grigoleit, 1954
Kruber, O.; Grigoleit,
Chem. Ber., 1954, 87, 1895. [all data]
Hanshaw, Nutt, et al., 2008
Hanshaw, William; Nutt, Marjorie; Chickos, James S.,
Hypothetical Thermodynamic Properties. Subcooled Vaporization Enthalpies and Vapor Pressures of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2008, 53, 8, 1903-1913, https://doi.org/10.1021/je800300x
. [all data]
Haftka, Parsons, et al., 2006
Haftka, Joris J.H.; Parsons, John R.; Govers, Harrie A.J.,
Supercooled liquid vapour pressures and related thermodynamic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined by gas chromatography,
Journal of Chromatography A, 2006, 1135, 1, 91-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.050
. [all data]
Kruif, 1980
Kruif, C.G.,
Enthalpies of sublimation and vapour pressures of 11 polycyclic hydrocarbons,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1980, 12, 243-248. [all data]
Wakayama and Inokuchi, 1967, 2
Wakayama, N.; Inokuchi, H.,
Heats of sublimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their molecular packings,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1967, 40, 2267. [all data]
Hinckley, Bidleman, et al., 1990
Hinckley, Daniel A.; Bidleman, Terry F.; Foreman, William T.; Tuschall, Jack R.,
Determination of vapor pressures for nonpolar and semipolar organic compounds from gas chromatograhic retention data,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1990, 35, 3, 232-237, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00061a003
. [all data]
Nass, Lenoir, et al., 1995
Nass, Karen; Lenoir, Dieter; Kettrup, Antonius,
Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Incremental Procedure,
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 16, 1735-1736, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.199517351
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Murray, Pottie, et al., 1974
Murray, John James; Pottie, Roswell Francis; Pupp, Christian,
The Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Sublimation of Five Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
Can. J. Chem., 1974, 52, 4, 557-563, https://doi.org/10.1139/v74-087
. [all data]
Ferro, Imperatori, et al., 1983
Ferro, Daniela; Imperatori, Patrizia; Quagliata, Claudio,
Study of the stability of the phenanthrene- and 1,2-benzanthracene-choleic acids by vapor pressure measurements,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1983, 28, 2, 242-244, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00032a031
. [all data]
Wakayama and Inokuchi, 1967, 3
Wakayama, Nobuko; Inokuchi, Hiroo,
Heats of Sublimation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Molecular Packings,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1967, 40, 10, 2267-2271, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.40.2267
. [all data]
Kelley and Rice, 1964
Kelley, J.D.; Rice, F.O.,
The vapor pressures of some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem., 1964, 68, 3794. [all data]
Kelley and Rice, 1964, 2
Kelley, J. Daniel; Rice, Francis Owen,
The Vapor Pressures of Some Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons 1,
J. Phys. Chem., 1964, 68, 12, 3794-3796, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100794a043
. [all data]
Hoyer and Peperle, 1958
Hoyer, H.; Peperle, W.,
Z. Elektrochem., 1958, 62, 61. [all data]
Hoyer and Peperle, 1958, 2
Hoyer, H.; Peperle, W.,
Dampfdrunkmessungen an organischen substanzen und ihre sublimationswarmen,
Z. Electrochem., 1958, 62, 61-66. [all data]
Kestens, Auclair, et al., 2010
Kestens, Vikram; Auclair, Guy; Drozdzewska, Katarzyna; Held, Andrea; Roebben, Gert; Linsinger, Thomas,
Thermodynamic property values of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured by differential scanning calorimetry,
J Therm Anal Calorim, 2010, 99, 1, 245-261, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0440-6
. [all data]
Acree, 1991
Acree, William E.,
Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation,
Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H
. [all data]
Chen and Cooks, 1995
Chen, G.D.; Cooks, R.G.,
Electron affinities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined by the kinetic method,
J. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 30, 8, 1167, https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300814
. [all data]
Becker and Chen, 1966
Becker, R.S.; Chen, E.,
Extension of Electron Affinities and Ionization Potentials of Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 7, 2403, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1727954
. [all data]
Wentworth and Becker, 1962
Wentworth, W.E.; Becker, R.S.,
Potential Method for the Determination of Electron Affinities of Molecules: Application to Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1962, 84, 22, 4263, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00881a014
. [all data]
Wacks, 1964
Wacks, M.E.,
Electron-impact studies of aromatic hydrocarbons. II. Naphthacene, naphthaphene, chrysene, triphenylene, and pyrene,
J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 41, 1661. [all data]
Kuroda, 1964
Kuroda, H.,
Ionization potentials of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
Nature, 1964, 201, 1214. [all data]
Briegleb, 1964
Briegleb, G.,
Electron affinity of organic molecules,
Angew. Chem. Intern. Ed., 1964, 3, 617. [all data]
Kinoshita, 1962
Kinoshita, M.,
The absorption spectra of the molecular complexes of aromatic compounds with p-bromanil,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1962, 35, 1609. [all data]
Briegleb, Czekalla, et al., 1961
Briegleb, G.; Czekalla, J.; Reuss, G.,
Mesomeriemomente und Elektronenuberfuhrungsbanden von Elektronen-donator-akzeptor-komplexen des Chloranils und Tetracyanathylens mit aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen,
Z. Phys. Chem. (Neue Folge), 1961, 30, 333. [all data]
Birks and Stifkin, 1961
Birks, J.B.; Stifkin, M.A.,
π-Electronic excitation and ionization energies of condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons,
Nature, 1961, 191, 761. [all data]
Briegleb and Czekalla, 1959
Briegleb, G.; Czekalla, J.,
Die Bestimmung von lonisierungsenergien aus den Spektren von Elektronenubergangskomplexen,
Z.Elektrochem., 1959, 63, 6. [all data]
Matsen, 1956
Matsen, F.A.,
Electron affinities, methyl affinities, and ionization energies of condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons,
J. Chem. Phys., 1956, 24, 602. [all data]
Akiyama, Harvey, et al., 1981
Akiyama, I.; Harvey, R.G.; LeBreton, P.R.,
Ultraviolet photoelectron studies of methyl-substituted benz[a]anthracenes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 6330. [all data]
Schmidt, 1977
Schmidt, W.,
Photoelectron spectra of polynuclear aromatics. V. Correlations with ultraviolet absorption spectra in the catacondensed series,
J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 828. [all data]
Clar and Schmidt, 1976
Clar, E.; Schmidt, W.,
Correlations between photoelectron and phosphorescence spectra of polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Tetrahedron, 1976, 32, 2563. [all data]
Dewar and Goodman, 1972
Dewar, M.J.S.; Goodman, D.W.,
Photoelectron spectra of molecules. Part 5.--Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1972, 68, 1784. [all data]
Brogli and Heilbronner, 1972
Brogli, F.; Heilbronner, E.,
The photoelectron spectra of benzenoid hydrocarbons C18H12,
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1972, 11, 538. [all data]
Boschi, Murrell, et al., 1972
Boschi, R.; Murrell, J.N.; Schmidt, W.,
Photoelectron spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1972, 54, 116. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas Cp,solid Constant pressure heat capacity of solid EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Tboil Boiling point Tfus Fusion (melting) point ΔcH°solid Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°solid Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔsubH° Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.