1-Butene, 3-methyl-
- Formula: C5H10
- Molecular weight: 70.1329
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 563-45-1
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Isopropylethylene; α-Isoamylene; Vinylisopropyl; 2-Methyl-3-butene; 3-Methyl-1-butene; (CH3)2CHCH=CH2; Isopentene; UN 2371; UN 2561; 3-Methylbutene-1; 3-methylbut-1-ene
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -6.09 | kcal/mol | N/A | Good and Smith, 1979 | Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -51.6±0.62 kj/mol from Good and Smith, 1979 and ΔvapH° value of 26.1 kj/mol from alkenes correlation.; DRB |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
27.5 | 298.15 | Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997 | p=1 bar. Recommended values were calculated from data for lower alkenes by a method of increments (see also [ Kilpatrick J.E., 1946]). The results of two statistical thermodynamics calculations [ Radyuk Z.A., 1973, Durig J.R., 1980] are in much more disagreement with experimental entropies (2.6 and 5.1 J/mol*K for S(298.15 K), respectively) than estimated TRC values.; GT |
27.5 | 300. | ||
34.2 | 400. | ||
40.2 | 500. | ||
45.4 | 600. | ||
49.7 | 700. | ||
53.5 | 800. | ||
56.9 | 900. | ||
59.8 | 1000. | ||
62.1 | 1100. | ||
64.3 | 1200. | ||
66.2 | 1300. | ||
67.9 | 1400. | ||
69.3 | 1500. |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -12.33 ± 0.15 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Good and Smith, 1979 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°liquid | -799.50 ± 0.13 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Good and Smith, 1979 | Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -12.33 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°liquid | 60.59 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Chao, Hall, et al., 1983 | DH |
S°liquid | 60.540 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947 | DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
37.31 | 298.15 | Chao, Hall, et al., 1983 | T = 13 to 298 K.; DH |
37.299 | 298.15 | Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947 | T = 12 to 300 K.; DH |
Phase change data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 293. ± 1. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 23 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 104.64 ± 0.06 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 6 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 104.71 | K | N/A | Chao, Hall, et al., 1983, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 104.72 | K | N/A | Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 104.710 | K | N/A | Huffman, 1946 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 452.7 ± 0.3 | K | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 34.8 ± 0.3 | atm | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Vc | 0.3049 | l/mol | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 3.28 ± 0.03 | mol/l | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 5.71 | kcal/mol | N/A | Reid, 1972 | AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.29 | 252. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 237. to 324. K.; AC |
6.07 | 288. | EB | Scott and Waddington, 1950 | Based on data from 273. to 324. K.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
273.37 to 324.29 | 3.94555 | 1013.575 | -36.32 | Scott and Waddington, 1950 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
1.281 | 104.71 | Chao, Hall, et al., 1983 | DH |
1.2809 | 104.712 | Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947 | DH |
1.28 | 104.7 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
12.23 | 104.71 | Chao, Hall, et al., 1983 | DH |
12.23 | 104.712 | Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947 | DH |
Henry's Law data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Rolf Sander
Henry's Law constant (water solution)
kH(T) = k°H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)
k°H (mol/(kg*bar)) | d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.0019 | Q | N/A | missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species. | |
0.0019 | L | N/A | ||
0.0019 | V | N/A |
Gas phase ion energetics data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
L - Sharon G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
View reactions leading to C5H10+ (ion structure unspecified)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE (evaluated) | 9.52 ± 0.01 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
Ionization energy determinations
IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.533 ± 0.003 | PE | Masclet, Grosjean, et al., 1973 | LLK |
9.52 | EI | Lossing, 1972 | LLK |
9.60 ± 0.03 | EI | Gross and Wilkins, 1971 | LLK |
9.52 | PE | Dewar and Worley, 1969 | RDSH |
9.51 ± 0.03 | PI | Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 | RDSH |
9.5 ± 0.1 | PE | Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977 | Vertical value; LLK |
Appearance energy determinations
Ion | AE (eV) | Other Products | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C3H6+ | 10.76 ± 0.05 | C2H4 | PI | Brand and Baer, 1984 | LBLHLM |
C3H6+ | 11.54 ± 0.10 | C2H4 | EI | Gross and Wilkins, 1971 | LLK |
C4H7+ | 10.74 | CH3 | EI | Brand and Baer, 1984 | LBLHLM |
C4H7+ | 10.75 ± 0.03 | CH3 | PI | Brand and Baer, 1984 | LBLHLM |
C4H7+ | 10.74 | CH3 | EI | Lossing, 1972 | LLK |
C4H7+ | 11.15 ± 0.12 | CH3 | EI | Gross and Wilkins, 1971 | LLK |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
NIST MS number | 19074 |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Good and Smith, 1979
Good, W.D.; Smith, N.K.,
The enthalpies of combustion of the isomeric pentenes in the liquid state. A warning to combustion calorimetrists about sample drying,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1979, 11, 111-118. [all data]
Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center,
Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]
Kilpatrick J.E., 1946
Kilpatrick J.E.,
Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the monoolefin hydrocarbons,
J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand, 1946, 36, 559-612. [all data]
Radyuk Z.A., 1973
Radyuk Z.A.,
Equilibrium of isomerization and thermodynamic properties of methylbutenes,
Neftekhimiya, 1973, 13, 356-360. [all data]
Durig J.R., 1980
Durig J.R.,
Torsional spectra of molecules with two internal C3v rotors. 19. Vibrational spectra, torsional potential functions, and conformational and thermodynamic properties of 2-methyl-1-butene,
J. Phys. Chem., 1980, 84, 3554-3561. [all data]
Chao, Hall, et al., 1983
Chao, J.; Hall, K.R.; Yao, J.M.,
Thermodynamic properties of simple alkenes,
Thermochim. Acta, 1983, 64(3), 285-303. [all data]
Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947
Todd, S.S.; Oliver, G.D.; Huffman, H.M.,
The heat capacities, heats of fusion and entropies of the six pentenes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 1519-1525. [all data]
Chao, Hall, et al., 1983, 2
Chao, J.; Hall, K.R.; Yao, J.M.,
Thermodynamic Properties of Simple Alkenes,
Thermochim. Acta, 1983, 64, 285. [all data]
Todd, Oliver, et al., 1947, 2
Todd, S.S.; Oliver, G.D.; Huffman, H.M.,
The heat capacities, heats of fusion and entropies of the six pentenes.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 1519. [all data]
Huffman, 1946
Huffman, H.M.,
Personal Commun., U. S. Bur. Mines, Bartlesville, OK, 1946. [all data]
Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996
Tsonopoulos, C.; Ambrose, D.,
Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 6. Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1996, 41, 645-656. [all data]
Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C.,
Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00,
AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Scott and Waddington, 1950
Scott, Donald W.; Waddington, Guy,
Vapor Pressure of cis-2-Pentene, trans-2-Pentene and 3-Methyl-1-butene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 72, 9, 4310-4311, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01165a542
. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Masclet, Grosjean, et al., 1973
Masclet, P.; Grosjean, D.; Mouvier, G.,
Alkene ionization potentials. Part I. Quantitative determination of alkyl group structural effects,
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1973, 2, 225. [all data]
Lossing, 1972
Lossing, F.P.,
Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLV. Ionization potentials and heats of formation of C3H3, C3H5, and C4H7 radicals and ions,
Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 3973. [all data]
Gross and Wilkins, 1971
Gross, M.L.; Wilkins, C.L.,
Computer-assisted ion cyclotron resonance appearance potential measurements for C5H10 isomers,
Anal. Chem., 1971, 43, 1624. [all data]
Dewar and Worley, 1969
Dewar, M.J.S.; Worley, S.D.,
Photoelectron spectra of molecules. I. Ionization potentials of some organic molecules and their interpretation,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 654. [all data]
Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962
Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J.,
Ionization potentials of some molecules,
J. Quant. Spectry. Radiative Transfer, 1962, 2, 369. [all data]
Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P.,
Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]
Brand and Baer, 1984
Brand, W.A.; Baer, T.,
Dissociation dynamics of energy-selected C5H10+ ions,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 3154. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References
- Symbols used in this document:
AE Appearance energy Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy Pc Critical pressure S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature Vc Critical volume d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant k°H Henry's Law constant at 298.15K ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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