2-Butyne

• Formula: C₄H₆
• Molecular weight: 54.0904
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6/c1-3-4-2/h1-2H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 503-17-3
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: But-2-yne; Dimethylacetylene; CH3C≡CCH3; Crotonylene; UN 1144
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Data at other public NIST sites:
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  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Enthalpy of vaporization

Entropy of vaporization

Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₄H₅^- +  =

By formula: C₄H₅^- + H⁺ = C₄H₆

2 +  =

By formula: 2H₂ + C₄H₆ = C₄H₁₀

Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C₄H₆⁺ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

Appearance energy determinations

De-protonation reactions

C₄H₅^- +  =

By formula: C₄H₅^- + H⁺ = C₄H₆

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   D'_3h     Symmetry Number σ = 6

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951
Prosen, E.J.; Maron, F.W.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion, formation, and insomerization of ten C₄ hydrocarbons, J. Res. NBS, 1951, 46, 106-112. [all data]

Wagman, Kilpatrick, et al., 1945
Wagman, D.D.; Kilpatrick, J.E.; Pitzer, K.S.; Rossini, F.D., Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the acetylene hydrocarbons through the pentynes, to 1,500° K, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 35, 467-496. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Wagman D.D., 1945
Wagman D.D., Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the acetylene hydrocarbons through the pentynes to 1500 K, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 1945, 35, 467-496. [all data]

Kistiakowsky G.B., 1940
Kistiakowsky G.B., Gaseous heat capacities. III, J. Chem. Phys., 1940, 8, 618-622. [all data]

Yost, Osborne, et al., 1941
Yost, D.M.; Osborne, D.W.; Garner, C.S., The heat capacity, entropy, and heats of transition, fusion, and vaporization of dimethylacetylene. Free rotation in the dimethylacetylene molecule, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 3492-3496. [all data]

Pomerantz, Fookson, et al., 1954
Pomerantz, P.; Fookson, A.; Mears, T.W.; Rothberg, S.; Howard, F.L., Synthesis and Physical Properties of Several Acetylenic Hydrocarbons, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U. S.), 1954, 52, 51. [all data]

Boord, Greenlee, et al., 1946
Boord, C.E.; Greenlee, K.W.; Perilstein, W.L., The Synthesis, Purification and Prop. of Hydrocarbons of Low Mol. Weight, Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 45, Eighth Annu. Rep., Ohio State Univ., June 30, 1946. [all data]

Henne and Greenlee, 1945
Henne, A.L.; Greenlee, K.W., Preparation and Physical Constants of Acetylenic Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1945, 67, 484-5. [all data]

Heisig and Davis, 1935
Heisig, G.B.; Davis, H.M., Physical Constants of Dimethylacetylene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 339-40. [all data]

Yost, Osborne, et al., 1941, 2
Yost, D.M.; Osborne, D.W.; Garner, C.S., The Heat Capacity, Entropy, and Heats of Transition, Fusion, and Vaporization of Dimethylacetylene. Free Rotation in the Dimethylacetylene Molecule, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 3492. [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Osborne, Garner, et al., 1940
Osborne, D.W.; Garner, C.S.; Yost, D.M., The entropy of dimethylacetylene from low temperature calorimetric measurements. Free rotation in the dimethylacetylene molecule, J. Chem. Phys., 1940, 8, 131. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Yost, Osborne, et al., 1941, 3
Yost, D.M.; Osborne, D.W.; Garner, C.S., The heat capacity, entropy, and heats of transition, fusion, and vaporization of dimethylacetylene. Free rotation in the dimethylacetylene molecule, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 3492-34. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Gal, Decouzon, et al., 2001
Gal, J.F.; Decouzon, M.; Maria, P.C.; Gonzalez, A.I.; Mo, O.; Yanez, M.; El Chaouch, S.; Guillemin, J.C., Acidity trends in alpha,beta-unsaturated alkanes, silanes, germanes, and stannanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 26, 6353-6359, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja004079j . [all data]

Conn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1939
Conn, J.B.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Smith, E.A., Heats of organic reactions. VIII. Some further hydrogenations, including those of some acetylenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 1868-1876. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Bieri, Burger, et al., 1977
Bieri, G.; Burger, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Maier, J.P., Valence ionization enrgies of hydrocarbons, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2213. [all data]

Carlier, Dubois, et al., 1975
Carlier, P.; Dubois, J.E.; Masclet, P.; Mouvier, G., Spectres de photoelectrons des alcynes, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1975, 7, 55. [all data]

Ensslin, Bock, et al., 1974
Ensslin, W.; Bock, H.; Becker, G., Photoelectron spectra and molecular properties. XXX. π interactions in H₃Si- H₃C-substituted acetylenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 2757. [all data]

Brogli, Heilbronner, et al., 1973
Brogli, F.; Heilbronner, E.; Hornung, V.; Kloster-Jensen, E., 230. Die photoelektronen-spektren methyl-substituierter Acetylene, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1973, 56, 2171. [all data]

Lossing, 1972
Lossing, F.P., Free radicals by mass spectrometry. XLV. Ionization potentials and heats of formation of C₃H₃, C₃H₅, and C₄H₇ radicals and ions, Can. J. Chem., 1972, 50, 3973. [all data]

Bieri and Asbrink, 1980
Bieri, G.; Asbrink, L., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 20, 149. [all data]

Coats and Anderson, 1957
Coats, F.H.; Anderson, R.C., Thermodynamic data from electron-impact measurements on acetylene and substituted acetylenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 1340. [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966
Zulaïca, J.; Guiochon, G., Analyse des hauts polymères par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de leurs produits de pyrolyse. II. Application à quelques hydrocarbures macromoléculaires purs, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1966, 4, 1351-1363. [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Bramston-Cook, 2013
Bramston-Cook, R., Kovats indices for C2-C13 hydrocarbons and selected oxygenated/halocarbons with 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane columns, 2013, retrieved from http://lotusinstruments.com/monographs/List .... [all data]

Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G., Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]

Tirillini, Verdelli, et al., 2000
Tirillini, B.; Verdelli, G.; Paolocci, F.; Ciccioli, P.; Frattoni, M., The volatile organic compounds from the mycelium of Tuber borchii Vitt., Phytochemistry, 2000, 55, 8, 983-985, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00308-3 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  AE	Appearance energy
  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  IE (evaluated)	Recommended ionization energy
  S°liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ΔvapS	Entropy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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