Indane

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas60.9 ± 2.1kJ/molReviewRoux, Temprado, et al., 2008There are sufficient high-quality literature values to make a good evaluation with a high degree of confidence. In general, the evaluated uncertainty limits are on the order of (0.5 to 2.5) kJ/mol.; DRB
Δfgas60.7 ± 1.5kJ/molN/AGood, 1971Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of 11.7±1.5 kj/mol from Good, 1971 and ΔvapH° value of 49.03±0.2 kj/mol from missing citation.; DRB
Δfgas59.7 ± 2.0kJ/molN/AStull, Sinke, et al., 1961Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of 10.7±2 kj/mol from Stull, Sinke, et al., 1961 and ΔvapH° value of 49.03±0.2 kj/mol from missing citation.; DRB

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
38.8550.Dorofeeva O.V., 1989GT
50.43100.
65.21150.
84.35200.
118.32273.15
130.7 ± 1.0298.15
131.67300.
180.16400.
221.92500.
255.92600.
283.54700.
306.26800.
325.20900.
341.141000.
354.661100.
366.171200.
376.031300.
384.511400.
391.821500.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
193.64 ± 0.39435.65Hossenlopp I.A., 1981GT
199.15 ± 0.39448.15
209.22 ± 0.39473.15
219.20 ± 0.39498.15
228.37 ± 0.39523.15

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Hydrogen + Indene = Indane

By formula: H2 + C9H8 = C9H10

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-98.9 ± 1.4kJ/molChydHill, Morton, et al., 1980liquid phase
Δr-96.kJ/molEqkFrye and Weitkamp, 1969gas phase
Δr-90.48 ± 0.59kJ/molEqkNaidus and Mueller, 1950gas phase; At 375-525 K

6Hydrogen + 2Indane = 1H-Indene, octahydro-, trans- + 1H-Indene, octahydro-, cis-

By formula: 6H2 + 2C9H10 = C9H16 + C9H16

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-377.1 ± 2.1kJ/molChydDolliver, Gresham, et al., 1937gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -383. ± 2. kJ/mol; At 355 °K

3Hydrogen + Indane = 1H-Indene, octahydro-, cis-

By formula: 3H2 + C9H10 = C9H16

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-192.kJ/molEqkFrye and Weitkamp, 1969gas phase

Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

View reactions leading to C9H10+ (ion structure unspecified)

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
8.6 ± 0.1EIKoppel, Schwarz, et al., 1974LLK
8.60 ± 0.01EIRakita, Hoffman, et al., 1973LLK
8.52CTSPitt, 1970RDSH
9.05 ± 0.05EIMeier, Heiss, et al., 1968RDSH
8.50PESantiago, Gandour, et al., 1978Vertical value; LLK
8.46 ± 0.03PEHeilbronner, Hoshi, et al., 1976Vertical value; LLK
8.45 ± 0.02PEMaier and Turner, 1973Vertical value; LLK
8.46PEBrogli, Giovannini, et al., 1973Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C9H9+12.1 ± 0.1HEIKoppel, Schwarz, et al., 1974LLK

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101150.1050.8Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101180.1066.7Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-1010.982.Skrbic and Vojinovic-Miloradov, 1994 
CapillaryOV-101145.1059.Grinberg, Tokarev, et al., 1984He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101145.1058.Grinberg, Tokarev, et al., 1984He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane106.1016.Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983He; Column length: 100. m
CapillarySqualane96.1012.Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983He; Column length: 100. m
CapillarySE-3070.1015.7Tóth, 1983N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySE-30130.1043.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-30150.1052.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySE-3080.1018.Bredael, 1982Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySqualane86.1011.2Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane96.1014.5Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.1027.4Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.1036.1Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryOV-101140.1046.0Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
PackedSqualane100.1017.Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1980He, Chromaton N-AW-HMDS; Column length: 1. m
CapillarySqualane86.1011.0Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane86.1011.2Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane100.1018.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 
CapillarySqualane110.1019.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 
CapillarySqualane90.1011.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 
CapillarySqualane92.1014.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 
CapillarySqualane86.1011.2Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane96.1014.5Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-30110.1033.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m
CapillarySqualane100.1018.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySE-3065.1011.8Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-51051.Buchin, Salmon, et al., 200260. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 2. min
CapillaryDB-51034.0Wang, Fingas, et al., 199430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryOV-1011013.Hayes and Pitzer, 1982110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryApiezon L1058.Louis, 1971N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-1001019.45Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
CapillaryDB-11022.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryPEG-20M70.1355.9Tóth, 1983N2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPONA1020.Vendeuvre, Bertoncini, et al., 200550. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryPONA1030.Vendeuvre, Bertoncini, et al., 200550. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH1024.5Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-51027.4Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51032.4Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51035.5Song, Lai, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51047.8Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-11017.4Gautzsch and Zinn, 19968. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-51027.4Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51032.4Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-51035.5Lai and Song, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH1015.41White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH1015.61White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH1016.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryDB-51028.Morinaga, Hara, et al., 199015. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 90. C
CapillaryDB-51036.Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillaryUltra-11007.28Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-11013.03Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-11016.71Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-21030.81Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-21036.70Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-21041.08Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-1011013.Hayes and Pitzer, 1981108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone1039.25Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 199950. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C(2min) => 49.9C/min => 35C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C(2min) => 40C/min => 240C(30min)
PackedSE-301038.Peng, Ding, et al., 1988Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-101382.Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1365.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 60. min; Tstart: 50. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101120.1046.Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996 
CapillaryOV-101100.1027.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.1027.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.1036.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.1036.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillarySqualane110.1019.Papazova and Pankova, 1975N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedPolydimethyl siloxane110.1032.Ferrand, 1962 

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB1026.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryHP-5 MS1029.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 15. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH1020.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH1023.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryPONA1027.Zhang, Ding, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryRTX-11002.Arey J.S., Nelson R.K., et al., 20057. m/0.1 mm/0.4 μm, 35. C @ 5. min, 0.66 K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryBP-11033.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-11017.Orav, Kailas, et al., 19992. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 160. C
CapillaryUltra-11022.Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 199650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, H2, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 35. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-11029.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5 MS1034.Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups1041.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups1048.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryPolymethylsiloxane, (PMS-20000)1016.Cornwell and Cordano, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-11013.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-11013.Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 199360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane, unknown content of Ph-groups1036.Geldon, 1989Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane, unknown content of Ph-groups1040.Geldon, 1989Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.1014.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.1018.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.1021.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryInnowax1370.Siristova, Prinosilova, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 1. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 2.75 min

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1356.Cornwell and Cordano, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1365.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-Wax1377.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5MS169.04Chen, Keeran, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5169.1Durlak, Biswas, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 15. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryHT-5168.83Williams and Williams, 199840. C @ 8. min, 5. K/min, 400. C @ 20. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryDB-5170.21Williams and Horne, 1995He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tend: 270. C
CapillaryDB-5168.87Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5165.5Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007Column length: 60. m; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS167.82Cheng, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 230 0C
CapillaryMethyl Silicone168.87Eckel, Ross, et al., 1993Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone169.87Eckel, Ross, et al., 1993Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008
Roux, M.V.; Temprado, M.; Chickos, J.S.; Nagano, Y., Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2008, 37, 4, 1855-1996. [all data]

Good, 1971
Good, W.D., The enthalpies of combustion and formation of indan and seven alkylindans, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 711-717. [all data]

Stull, Sinke, et al., 1961
Stull, D.R.; Sinke, G.C.; McDonald, R.A.; Hatton, W.E.; Hildenbrand, D.L., Thermodynamic properties of indane and indene, Pure & Appl. Chem., 1961, 2, 315-322. [all data]

Dorofeeva O.V., 1989
Dorofeeva O.V., Thermodynamic Properties of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Containing Five-Membered Rings. Institute for High Temperatures, USSR Academy of Sciences, Preprint No.1-263 (in Russian), Moscow, 1989. [all data]

Hossenlopp I.A., 1981
Hossenlopp I.A., Vapor heat capacities and enthalpies of vaporization of four aromatic and/or cycloalkane hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1981, 13, 423-428. [all data]

Hill, Morton, et al., 1980
Hill, R.K.; Morton, G.H.; Rogers, D.W.; Choi, L.S., Rearrangement of 1,1'-spirobiindene and thermochemical evidence for its spiroconjugative destabilization, J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 5163-5166. [all data]

Frye and Weitkamp, 1969
Frye, C.G.; Weitkamp, A.W., Equilibrium hydrogenations of multi-ring aromatics, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1969, 14, 372-376. [all data]

Naidus and Mueller, 1950
Naidus, E.S.; Mueller, M.B., Equilibrium studies on the hydrindene-indene-hydrogen system, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 72, 1829-1831. [all data]

Dolliver, Gresham, et al., 1937
Dolliver, M.a.; Gresham, T.L.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of organic reactions. V. Heats of hydrogenation of various hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 831-841. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Koppel, Schwarz, et al., 1974
Koppel, C.; Schwarz, H.; Bohlmann, F., Elektronenstossinduzierte fragmentierung von acetylenverbindungen. VIII. Struktur der stabilen und instabilen ionen[C9H9]+ aus isomeren C9H10- kohlenwasserstoffen, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 8, 25. [all data]

Rakita, Hoffman, et al., 1973
Rakita, P.E.; Hoffman, M.K.; Andrews, M.N.; Bursey, M.M., σ-π Conjugation in group IVA compounds of indene and indane, J. Organomet. Chem., 1973, 49, 213. [all data]

Pitt, 1970
Pitt, C.G., Hyperconjugation: An alternative to the concept of the pπ-dπ bond in Group IV chemistry, J. Organomet. Chem., 1970, 23, 35. [all data]

Meier, Heiss, et al., 1968
Meier, H.; Heiss, J.; Suhr, H.; Muller, E., Energetische Untersuchungen zum Mills-Nixon-Effekt. Ionisierungsenergien von Benzolmolekulen mit ankondensierten gesattigten Ringen, Tetrahedron, 1968, 24, 2307. [all data]

Santiago, Gandour, et al., 1978
Santiago, C.; Gandour, R.W.; Houk, K.N.; Nutakul, W.; Cravey, W.E.; Thummel, R.P., Photoelectron and ultraviolet spectra of small-ring fused aromatic molecules as probes of aromatic ring distortions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 3730. [all data]

Heilbronner, Hoshi, et al., 1976
Heilbronner, E.; Hoshi, T.; von Rosenberg, J.L.; Hafner, K., Alkyl-induced, natural hypsochromic shifts of the 2A←2X and 2B←2X transitions of azulene and naphthalene radical cations, Nouv. J. Chim., 1976, 1, 105. [all data]

Maier and Turner, 1973
Maier, J.P.; Turner, D.W., Steric inhibition of resonance studied by molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part 2. Phenylethylenes, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1973, 69, 196. [all data]

Brogli, Giovannini, et al., 1973
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Notes

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