Cyanogen

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid33.181cal/mol*KN/ARuehrwein and Giauque, 1939 

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
25.270255.Ruehrwein and Giauque, 1939T = 15 to 252 K.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil252.0KN/AWeast and Grasselli, 1989BS
Tboil252.KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple245.32KN/ARuehrwein and Giauque, 1939, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple0.741atmN/AHamann, Mcmanamey, et al., 1953Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0131 atm; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap4.97kcal/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
5.5760252.0N/ARuehrwein and Giauque, 1939P = 101.325 kPa; DH
5.576252.N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
5.86246.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 240. to 253. K.; AC
5.58 ± 0.05251.95VRuehrwein and Giauque, 1939, 3ALS
5.71257.N/APerry and Bardwell, 1925Based on data from 246. to 273. K.; AC
5.62267.N/APerry and Bardwell, 1925Based on data from 246. to 273. K.; AC

Entropy of vaporization

ΔvapS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
22.13252.0Ruehrwein and Giauque, 1939P; DH

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
252. to 391.34.510901041.518-21.288Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
7.89224.N/AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 202. to 239. K.; AC
7.74224.N/AGovers, 1975Based on data from 198. to 240. K. See also Perry and Bardwell, 1925.; AC
8.03204.AStull, 1947Based on data from 177. to 230. K.; AC
8.22202. to 245.CATHRuehrwein and Giauque, 1939AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
1.938245.32Ruehrwein and Giauque, 1939DH
1.94245.3Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
7.899245.32Ruehrwein and Giauque, 1939DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - Edward P. Hunter and Sharon G. Lias
L - Sharon G. Lias

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi
RDSH - Henry M. Rosenstock, Keith Draxl, Bruce W. Steiner, and John T. Herron

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
IE (evaluated)13.37 ± 0.01eVN/AN/AL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Proton affinity (review)161.3kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Gas basicity154.3kcal/molN/AHunter and Lias, 1998HL

Gas basicity at 298K

Gas basicity (review) (kcal/mol) Reference Comment
148.9Milligan, Fairley, et al., 1998T = 300K; ΔG =-RTln(kf/kr) from ratio of rate coefficients; MM
148.6Milligan, Fairley, et al., 1998T = 300K; ΔG =-RTln(kf/kr) from ratio of rate coefficients; MM
<153.Milligan, Fairley, et al., 1998Irreversible PT from C2N2 to C2H5+; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
13.5 ± 0.3EISmith, 1983LBLHLM
13.36 ± 0.01PIBaker and Turner, 1968RDSH
13.374 ± 0.008PIDibeler and Liston, 1967RDSH
13.5EIDorsch and Kallman, 1930RDSH
13.51PEAsbrink, Von Niessen, et al., 1980Vertical value; LLK

Appearance energy determinations

Ion AE (eV) Other Products MethodReferenceComment
C+22.5C+N2EIDorsch and Kallman, 1930RDSH
CN+20.9 ± 0.3CNEISmith, 1983LBLHLM
CN+20.4CNEIHaney and Franklin, 1968RDSH
CN+20.42 ± 0.02CNPIDibeler and Liston, 1967RDSH
CN+18.CNEIDorsch and Kallman, 1930RDSH
C2+18.0 ± 0.3N2EISmith, 1983LBLHLM
C2+17.46 ± 0.02N2PIDibeler and Liston, 1967RDSH
C2+17.N2EIDorsch and Kallman, 1930RDSH
C2N+18.84 ± 0.05NEIHarland and McIntosh, 1985LBLHLM
C2N+19.5 ± 0.3NEISmith, 1983LBLHLM
C2N+19.5 ± 0.1NEIDibeler, Reese, et al., 1961RDSH

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin A.A.Kutin, Moscow, Russia
NIST MS number 273361

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Ruehrwein and Giauque, 1939
Ruehrwein, R.A.; Giauque, W.F., The entropy of cyanogen. Heat capacity and vapor pressure of solid and liquid. Heats of fusion and vaporization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 2940-2944. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Ruehrwein and Giauque, 1939, 2
Ruehrwein, R.A.; Giauque, W.F., The entropy of cyanogen heat capacity and vapor pressure of solid and liquid heats of fusion and vaporization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 2940-4. [all data]

Hamann, Mcmanamey, et al., 1953
Hamann, S.D.; Mcmanamey, W.J.; Pearse, J.F., The forces between polyatomic molecules, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1953, 49, 351. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Ruehrwein and Giauque, 1939, 3
Ruehrwein, R.A.; Giauque, W.F., The entropy of cyanogen. Heat capacity and vapor pressure of solid and liquid. Heats of fusion and vaporization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 2940-29. [all data]

Perry and Bardwell, 1925
Perry, John H.; Bardwell, D.C., THE VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLID AND LIQUID CYANOGEN 1, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 11, 2629-2632, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01688a002 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Govers, 1975
Govers, H.A.J., Derivation of carbon--nitrogen, hydrogen--nitrogen and nitrogen--nitrogen non-bonded potential parameters in molecular crystals, Acta Crystallogr Sect A Cryst Phys Diffr Theor Gen Crystallogr', 1975, 31, 3, 380-385, https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000800 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Milligan, Fairley, et al., 1998
Milligan, D.B.; Fairley, D.A.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; McEwan, M.J., Proton affinity of cyanogen and association reactions of C2N2H+ and C2N2CH3+, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1998, 180, 285. [all data]

Smith, 1983
Smith, O.I., Cross sections for formation of parent and fragment ions by electron impact from C2N2, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1983, 54, 55. [all data]

Baker and Turner, 1968
Baker, C.; Turner, D.W., High resolution molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. III.Acetylenes and azaacetylenes, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1968, A308, 19. [all data]

Dibeler and Liston, 1967
Dibeler, V.H.; Liston, S.K., Mass-spectrometric study of photoionization. VIII.Dicyanogen and the cyanogen halides, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 4548. [all data]

Dorsch and Kallman, 1930
Dorsch, K.E.; Kallman, H., Uber die Ionisierung von Dicyan durch langsame Elektronen, Z. Phys., 1930, 60, 376. [all data]

Asbrink, Von Niessen, et al., 1980
Asbrink, L.; Von Niessen, W.; Bieri, G., 30.4-nm He(II) photoelectron spectra of organic molecules, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 93. [all data]

Haney and Franklin, 1968
Haney, M.A.; Franklin, J.L., Correlation of excess energies of electron-impact dissociations with the translational energies of the products, J.Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 4093. [all data]

Harland and McIntosh, 1985
Harland, P.W.; McIntosh, B.J., Enthalpies of formation for the isomeric ions HxCCN+ and HxCNC+ (x = 0-3) by monochromatic electron impact on C2N2, CH3CN and CH3NC., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1985, 67, 29. [all data]

Dibeler, Reese, et al., 1961
Dibeler, V.H.; Reese, R.M.; Franklin, J.L., Mass spectrometric study of cyanogen and cyanoacetylenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1961, 83, 1813. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References