2,2'-Bipyridine

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas267.9 ± 3.0kJ/molCcbRibeiro da Silva, Morais, et al., 1995 
Δfgas289.0 ± 5.2kJ/molCcbFaour and Akasheh, 1985 

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfsolid186.1 ± 2.0kJ/molCcbRibeiro da Silva, Morais, et al., 1995 
Δfsolid207.1 ± 4.9kJ/molCcbFaour and Akasheh, 1985 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcsolid-5264.5 ± 1.5kJ/molCcbRibeiro da Silva, Morais, et al., 1995 
Δcsolid-5285.5 ± 4.7kJ/molCcbFaour and Akasheh, 1985 

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil546.7KN/AWeast and Grasselli, 1989BS
Tboil545.6KN/ABuckingham and Donaghy, 1982BS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus342.6KN/ABuckingham and Donaghy, 1982BS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple343.05KN/ASevastyanova, Suvorov, et al., 1990Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap67.0 ± 2.3kJ/molCGCLipkind and Chickos, 2009See also Lipkind, Hanshaw, et al., 2009.; AC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δsub75.0 ± 5.0kJ/molBEmmenegger, 1996AC
Δsub81.8 ± 2.3kJ/molCRibeiro da Silva, Morais, et al., 1995ALS
Δsub81.8kJ/molN/ARibeiro da Silva, Morais, et al., 1995DRB
Δsub81.8 ± 2.3kJ/molCRibeiro da Silva, Morais, et al., 1995AC
Δsub81.9kJ/molN/AFaour and Akasheh, 1985DRB

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
20.4345.DSCLipkind, Hanshaw, et al., 2009AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas phase ion energetics data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MM - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner)
LBLHLM - Sharon G. Lias, John E. Bartmess, Joel F. Liebman, John L. Holmes, Rhoda D. Levin, and W. Gary Mallard
LLK - Sharon G. Lias, Rhoda D. Levin, and Sherif A. Kafafi

Gas basicity at 298K

Gas basicity (review) (kJ/mol) Reference Comment
933.4 ± 6.3Oresmaa, Haukka, et al., 20022,3-Dimethylpyridine; N,N-Dimethylisopropylamine. Paper reports PAs, however PT reactivity brackets GBs. Uncertainty is half the GB difference between bracketing bases.; MM
>908.Shen and Brodbelt, 1998GB > 18-Crown-6. From PT bracketing at nominal 300 K, but ion energies are undefined. Reference GB readjusted to Hunter and Lias, 1998; MM

Ionization energy determinations

IE (eV) Method Reference Comment
8.6PEDobson, Hillier, et al., 1983LBLHLM
8.35 ± 0.02PEMaier and Turner, 1972LLK
8.85PEDobson, Hillier, et al., 1983Vertical value; LBLHLM

IR Spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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IR spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Standard Reference Data Program
Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
State gas
Instrument HP-GC/MS/IRD

This IR spectrum is from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Database .


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-1643
NIST MS number 228698

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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UVVis spectrum
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Additional Data

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Source Bartecki, Szoke, et al., 1961
Owner INEP CP RAS, NIST OSRD
Collection (C) 2007 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin INSTITUTE OF ENERGY PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, RAS
Source reference RAS UV No. 8940
Instrument Beckman DU
Melting point 72
Boiling point 273.5

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-51472.Premecz and Ford, 1987He, 60. C @ 10. min, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 3. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCAM2193.Premecz and Ford, 1987He, 60. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 21. min; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.24 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-11444.Chen and Ho, 199860. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101245.68Blanco, Blanco, et al., 1989H2, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillarySE-52247.15Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 198220. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 265. C
CapillarySE-52245.48Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 197912. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Ribeiro da Silva, Morais, et al., 1995
Ribeiro da Silva, M.A.V.; Morais, V.M.F.; Matos, M.A.R.; Rio, C.M.A., Thermochemical and theoretical studies of some bipyridines, J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 5291-5294. [all data]

Faour and Akasheh, 1985
Faour, M.; Akasheh, T.S., Heat of combustion of some N-heterocycle compounds. Part 1, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1985, 811-713. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982
Buckingham, J.; Donaghy, S.M., Dictionary of Organic Compounds: Fifth Edition, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982, 1. [all data]

Sevastyanova, Suvorov, et al., 1990
Sevastyanova, T.N.; Suvorov, V.; Konysheva, I.I., Thermodynamics of vaporisation of 2,2'-bipyridine and some binary systems with it in Vses. Konf. Term. Org. Soedin. 6th, Minsk, p 33, 1990. [all data]

Lipkind and Chickos, 2009
Lipkind, D.; Chickos, J.S., , Abstract from 38th Great Lakes Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, May 13-16, Chicago, IL, 2009, GLRM-275. [all data]

Lipkind, Hanshaw, et al., 2009
Lipkind, Dmitri; Hanshaw, William; Chickos, James S., Hypothetical Thermodynamic Properties. Subcooled Vaporization Enthalpies and Vapor Pressures of Polyaromatic Heterocycles and Related Compounds, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2009, 54, 10, 2930-2943, https://doi.org/10.1021/je900034d . [all data]

Emmenegger, 1996
Emmenegger, Franzpeter, The Complex of Co(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) 2 with 2,2'-Bipyridine. Its Formation in the Gas Phase and in Solution, Inorg. Chem., 1996, 35, 20, 5931-5934, https://doi.org/10.1021/ic9605130 . [all data]

Oresmaa, Haukka, et al., 2002
Oresmaa, L.; Haukka, M.; Vainiotalo, P.; Pakkanen, T.A., Ab intio calculations and mass spectrometric determination of the gas phase proton affinities of 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridines, J. Org. Chem., 2002, 67, 8216. [all data]

Shen and Brodbelt, 1998
Shen, J.; Brodbelt, J., Evaluation of proton-binding capabilities of polyether and pyridyl ligands, J. Mass Spectrom., 1998, 33, 118. [all data]

Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G., Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018 . [all data]

Dobson, Hillier, et al., 1983
Dobson, B.; Hillier, I.H.; Connor, J.A.; Moncrieff, D.; Scanlan, M.L.; Garner, C.D., Electronic structure and low-energy photoelectron spectra of 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridines, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1983, 79, 295. [all data]

Maier and Turner, 1972
Maier, J.P.; Turner, D.W., Steric inhibition of resonance studied by molecular photoelectron spectroscopy. Part I. Biphenyls, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1972, 54, 149. [all data]

Bartecki, Szoke, et al., 1961
Bartecki, a.; Szoke, J.; Varsanyi, G.; Vizesy, M., Absorption spectra in the ultraviolet and visible region. Volume 2, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1961, 370. [all data]

Premecz and Ford, 1987
Premecz, J.E.; Ford, M.E., Gas chromatographic separation of substituted pyridines, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 388, 23-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94463-2 . [all data]

Chen and Ho, 1998
Chen, J.; Ho, C.-T., Volatile compounds formed from thermal degradation of glucosamine in a dry system, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 5, 1971-1974, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf971021o . [all data]

Blanco, Blanco, et al., 1989
Blanco, C.G.; Blanco, J.; Bermejo, J.; Guillen, M.D., Capillary gas chromatography of some polycyclic aromatic compounds on several stationary phases, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 465, 3, 378-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92675-5 . [all data]

Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 1982
Vassilaros, D.L.; Kong, R.C.; Later, D.W.; Lee, M.L., Linear retention index system for polycyclic aromatic compounds. Critical evaluation and additional indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 252, 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88394-1 . [all data]

Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979
Lee, M.L.; Vassilaros, D.L.; White, C.M.; Novotny, M., Retention Indices for Programmed-Temperature Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 6, 768-773, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50042a043 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas phase ion energetics data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References